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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Temporal bone pathology of acoustic neuroma correlating with presence of electrocochleography and absence of auditory brainstem response.

The temporal bone pathology of a 74-year-old female affected by vestibular schwannoma was compared with findings of auditory brainstem response and electrocochleography. At age 71, she complained of hearing loss in the left ear in which pure tone audiometry revealed threshold elevation in the middle- and high-frequency range. Temporal bone CT scanning revealed a medium-sized cerebellopontine angle tumour in the left ear. ABR showed no response in the left ear, but the electrocochleography showed clear compound action potentials. Three years later, at age 74, she died of metastatic lung cancer and sepsis. The left temporal bone pathology consisted primarily of a large vestibular schwannoma occupying the internal auditory meatus. The organ of Corti was well preserved in each turn. In the modiolus, the numbers of spiral ganglion cells and cochlear nerve fibres in each turn were decreased. These histological findings suggest that clear compound action potentials were recorded from the distal portion of the cochlear nerve in spite of the presence of the vestibular schwannoma, but ABR could not be detected because of the blockade of the proximal portion of the cochlear nerve by the vestibular schwannoma.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Infiltrating aggressive epitheliosis of the temporal bone: a newly described disease entity.

Two patients with a highly destructive histologic nondysplastic squamous epithelial lesion of the temporal bone are described. Both tumors were characterized by the production of copious amounts of keratin material which progressively extended in the temporal bone, surrounding bony structures, soft tissue and intracranially, with concomitant functional disorders. Only small amounts of epithelial cells were found. CT scanning revealed extensive and progressive destruction of the temporal bone, skull base in both patients, clivus and arch of atlas in one patient, besides intracranial and intracerebellar abscess formation. Despite extensive surgical therapy, the disorder was unmanageable. Histology showed a normal squamous epithelial basal cell layer with remarkable acanthosis and extensive hyperkeratosis. Material obtained at autopsy demonstrated intracerebellar extension of keratin material in one patient and in the hemicerebellectomy specimen of the other patient. To our knowledge, this disease entity has not been reported before.

Aged↗
PubMed2007

Using a virtual reality temporal bone simulator to assess otolaryngology trainees.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of computerized evaluation of resident performance using hand motion analysis on a virtual reality temporal bone (VR TB) simulator. We hypothesized that both computerized analysis and expert ratings would discriminate the performance of novices from experienced trainees. We also hypothesized that performance on the virtual reality temporal bone simulator (VR TB) would differentiate based on previous drilling experience. STUDY DESIGN: The authors conducted a randomized, blind assessment study. METHODS: Nineteen volunteers from the Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery training program at the University of Toronto drilled both a cadaveric TB and a simulated VR TB. Expert reviewers were asked to assess operative readiness of the trainee based on a blind video review of their performance. Computerized hand motion analysis of each participant's performance was conducted. RESULTS: Expert raters were able to discriminate novices from experienced trainees (P < .05) on cadaveric temporal bones, and there was a trend toward discrimination on VR TB performance. Hand motion analysis showed that experienced trainees had better movement economy than novices (P < .05) on the VR TB. CONCLUSION: Performance, as measured by hand motion analysis on the VR TB simulator, reflects trainees' previous drilling experience. This study suggests that otolaryngology trainees could accomplish initial temporal bone training on a VR TB simulator, which can provide feedback to the trainee, and may reduce the need for constant faculty supervision and evaluation.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2002

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone.

A 64-year-old patient with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone is described. CT and MRI showed an extensive mass with calcification involving the temporal bone and extending into the middle cranial fossa and nasopharynx. The tumor was ill-defined from surrounding normal bone, and a subtotal petrosectomy was carried out. The nasopharyngeal extension was removed secondarily using an endoscope. The clinical and diagnostic aspects and management of this rare lesion are discussed.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Degree of pneumatization of the temporal bone and Menière's disease: are they related?

In 1983, Stahle and Wilbrand examined 63 patients and claimed that there is a correlation between defective pneumatization of the temporal bone, the length of the aqueductus vestibuli, and Meniere's disease. Since our own x-ray and surgical findings did not agree with those of Stahle and Wilbrand, we examined and assessed the pneumatization of the temporal bone volumetrically in 104 patients suffering from Meniere's disease. These examinations took place at the Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic of the University of Essen from 1972 to 1987. For our investigation, we used the method of Günnel and compared our findings with those of Stahle and Wilbrand, arriving at an almost reverse distribution ratio. From our results, we conclude that a relationship between the degree of pneumatization of the temporal bone and Meniere's disease seems questionable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical therapy of internal carotid artery lesions of the skull base and temporal bone.

Five cases of carotid artery lesions at the skull base or temporal bone, treated surgically, are presented. These lesions include mycotic aneurysms and carotid stenosis secondary to angiofibroma and a glomus caroticum. One case demonstrated an anomalous carotid anatomic pattern with a persistent stapedial artery. A description is provided of the technique of subtotal petrosectomy with permanent anterior displacement of the facial nerve, and middle ear obliteration, thus achieving a safe exposure of the temporal course of the internal carotid artery. The cases indicate that cooperation between temporal bone surgeons and vascular surgeons is a prerequisite to successful repair of such lesions, as good recovery in all five cases was achieved. The techniques allow maintenance of carotid flow during and after repair, reducing the potential for neurologic complications or mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Haptic simulation of the milling process in temporal bone operations.

A VR-simulation system for educating surgeons of the temporal bone milling processes is presented in this paper. E.g. the milling process that occurs during the removal of certain cancer tumors in the brain. The research project is recently started up and this paper is an introduction to the bone milling simulation topic. We present how the graphical rendering of the temporal bone is done. Acquired data are managed using the Marching cubes algorithm to perform a visual representation. A re-production of iso-surfaces will represent the material removal occurred during the milling process. Force models are discussed and will be implemented in the H3D API, which is used to control the virtual simulation and collision detection. Equipment, implementation and future work are also presented in the paper.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone with cholesteatoma.

Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon benign bone disorder of unknown origin. It rarely affects the temporal bone. We report a case of fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone with cholesteatoma in the external auditory canal, the first complaint of which was left otorrhea. Fibrous dysplasia invaded the external ear canal, stenosis of which causes a cholesteatoma. Mastoidectomy, tympanoplasty, and meatoplasty were performed. We discuss the characteristics of this condition, its differential diagnosis and its treatment.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1994

[The corrosion casting technique for the study of the temporal bone and its contents].

The study, learning and teaching of the temporal bone complexity requires different methods. One of them, it's the corrosion cast technique (repletion-corrosion). Using soft masses in its final solid state permits to obtain casts of a big discriminating power. This methodology permits to study size, extension and relations of the temporal bone contents, working on with the classic methods of studying this bone.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1989

Radiological evaluation of temporal bone disease: high-resolution computed tomography versus conventional X-ray diagnosis.

Sixty-two patients with different temporal bone lesions were prospectively examined by high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and conventional plain radiography, including pluridirectional tomography. High-resolution CT enabled a clear diagnosis in 80% of cases, conventional radiology in 63%; 1.6-times more bone information was recorded by high-resolution CT which is clearly superior for imaging cholesteatomas, metastases and inflammatory processes and for evaluating osseous destruction. With regard to pathological soft tissue or effusions filling the tympanic cavities, conventional radiology shows poor sensitivity (0.61). High-resolution CT is the most sensitive method for the imaging and classification of temporal bone fractures, including labyrinthine damage and ossicular chain injuries. Only in cases of atypical fractures with an unfavourable relationship to the CT planes, can carefully directed tomography be more effective. In most cases high-resolution CT replaces conventional radiology and should be the method of choice for comprehensive radiological examination of the temporal bone.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Temporal bone chondroblastoma: big and small.

Chondroblastoma represents approximately one per cent of all primary bone tumours. It is even rarer in the temporal bone and so far only 34 cases have been reported. We report here two cases with chondroblastoma of the temporal bone. The first case was discovered as a small lesion of the attic and root of zygoma. It was removed via mastoidectomy and reconstruction of the bony defect achieved normal external ear canal anatomy and hearing post-operatively. The second case presented as an advanced tumour involving the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space. It was treated surgically via the infratemporal fossa approach. As clear surgical margins were not obtained, post-operative radiotherapy was also given to minimize the chance of recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Invasive fungal and bacterial infections of the temporal bone.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Objectives were to highlight the importance of surgical therapy in treating invasive polymicrobial infections of the temporal bone, to discuss the importance of antifungal therapy, and to review the differential diagnosis of ear canal granulomatous disorders. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review at a tertiary care medical center. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with invasive polymicrobial temporal bone infections was performed. Four patients were identified. All patients required surgical therapy for definitive management. All patients were followed for at least 1 year or until death. RESULTS: Three of four patients had invasive fungi as pathogens. One patient had an occult squamous cell carcinoma. At the time of writing, one patient was free of disease, two were dead of disease, and one was alive with disease. CONCLUSION: Invasive polymicrobial temporal bone infections can occur in immunocompromised patients and can possibly harbor an occult malignancy. Surgical debridement may be necessary to arrive at a correct diagnosis. Modified radical mastoidectomy with parenteral antibiotic therapy and other adjunctive measures may be necessary for disease resolution.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Amplification of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in human geniculate ganglia from formalin-fixed, nonembedded temporal bones.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has provided new insights in molecular biology. Recently, some studies have been focused on temporal bone pathology, with amplification of DNA from fixed sections of celloidin-embedded bones. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the utility of PCR in detection of minor concentrations of DNA from nonoptimal stored samples. We obtained geniculate ganglia from 30 temporal bones preserved in formalin for a long time, without any process of embedding. By performing a nested PCR assay, we detected herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in 13 of 30 ganglia (43%). We conclude therefore that study of temporal bones stored under poor conditions by PCR is possible, although there are some limitations when compared with fresh or optimally archived samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Severe sensorineural hearing loss caused by lightning. A temporal bone case report.

To our knowledge, this article represents the second temporal bone case report in the literature of profound bilateral sensorineural deafness resulting from a lightning strike to the neck. Initial survival permitted antemortem audiologic testing, the results of which suggested severe cochlear abnormalities. Both temporal bones showed widespread inner-ear changes with absent organs of Corti, rupture and collapse of Reissner's membrane, strial degeneration, and a decreased spiral ganglion cell population. The occurrence of inner-ear trauma with an intact tympanic membrane and normal middle-ear structures suggests that a mechanism other than blast injury was responsible for the pathologic changes in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Malignancies of the external auditory canal and temporal bone: a review.

BACKGROUND: Malignancies of the external auditory canal and temporal bone are uncommon. A retrospective review was conducted of a large series treated at the Prince of Wales hospital between 1974 and 1995. METHODS: Retrospective review of 59 cases of ear canal and temporal bone malignancies. These were analysed according to histopathology, disease extent, surgery, margin status and survival. A TNM-type staging system was applied to 51 cases and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis applied to this group. RESULTS: The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) for the series was 54%. For stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 disease, the CSS were 90, 45, 40 and 19%, respectively. Survival was significantly higher where clear surgical margins were achieved (80 vs 35%). CONCLUSIONS: Carcinoma of the external ear canal is rare and, in Australia, is often related to recurrence of periauricular cutaneous malignancy. Surgical extirpation with clear margins provides the best survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Methylmethacrylate casting model of temporal bone: a simple technique for skull base research and education.

Methylmethacrylate casting model of the temporal bone simulating the translabyrinthine approach from the bone surface down to the internal auditory canal was developed in order to help to understand the complex anatomy that is often encountered during skull base surgery. Using a cadaver temporal bone and applying dental impression technique, fine structures, such as semicircular canals and facial nerve, were precisely reproduced in a life-size resin casting model. This simple cost-effective modeling method would facilitate both anatomical research and medical education by improving our understanding of the complex anatomy of the temporal bone.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

In vivo measurements of temporal bone on reconstructed clinical high-resolution computed tomography scans.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess the accuracy of measurements of temporal bone anatomy made from reconstructed clinical high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. METHODS: Nine HRCT scans were performed on unselected clinical cases in which the subjects had a temporal bone study judged to be normal. The orbitomeatal line was prescribed for the direct axial sections. Variations in head position (rotation at the neck and lateral bending of the neck) were corrected by using the software supplied by the manufacturer. All measurements were done on standard 1-mm axial sections and axial reconstructions obtained from 1-mm coronal slices. The images were viewed at 4000 Hounsfield units (HU) window width and 1000 HU window level. Measurements (n = 3) made on 1-mm direct axial HRCT scans were compared with the measurements made on reconstructed axial HRCT images from the same nine patients. These values were also compared with published cadaver data. RESULTS: The measurements obtained from axial reconstructed and direct HRCT series approximated each other in each of the nine individual studies and also fell within the range of published cadaver values. They demonstrated the expected normal temporal bone variability between individuals. CONCLUSION: Useful anatomic approximations can be measured in vivo from reconstructed clinical HRCT images. Pitfalls are improper window settings, head tilt, and rotation. This protocol is widely available and can be implemented retrospectively from clinical HRCT scans.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Correlation of high-resolution computed tomography and gross anatomic sections of the temporal bone: II. Vestibular apparatus.

High-resolution computed tomography (CT) of isolated temporal bones was performed in the transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes at 1.5-mm intervals. The temporal bones were then sectioned at 2.0-mm intervals in planes parallel to the CT scans. The structures making up the vestibular apparatus were identified, and the planes in which each is best visualized were selected for the illustrations. The vestibule, oval window, tympanic cavity, and tympanic portion of the facial nerve are best seen in the transaxial and coronal planes; the arch of the superior semicircular canal in the transaxial plane and its limbs in the coronal plane; the arch of the posterior semicircular canal in the coronal and sagittal planes and its limbs in the transaxial plane; and the common crus in the sagittal plane. The horseshoe-shaped lateral semicircular canal is displayed in the transaxial plane, and the relationship of its lateral limb to the tympanic segment of the facial nerve is best demonstrated in the sagittal plane. The ampullae of all three canals can be appreciated equally well in all three planes.

Humans↗