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Results for “TREMATODE INFECTIONS”

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PubMed1989

Gastrointestinal helminths and protozoa from two raccoon populations in Kansas.

A survey in Kansas compared the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths and protozoa in 2 raccoon (Procyon lotor) populations; a population in a typical rural setting and a relatively undisturbed population on a military reservation. Gastrointestinal tracts of 128 raccoons were examined. Freeze storage of alimentary tracts prevented collection of data on trematode prevalence. Helminth infections other than trematodes included 1 acanthocephalan, 2 cestodes, and 3 nematodes. Helminths were found in all raccoons from the population on the military installation and 96% of those from the rural population. Prevalence of helminths was generally greater in raccoons from the population living in the rural setting. Eimeria spp. and Sarcocystis sp. were also found, whereas Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium parvum were not.

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PubMed1992

Abundance/host size relationship in a fish trematode community.

The abundance of six species of trematodes: Aphanurus stossichi, Bacciger israelensis, Diphterostomum israelense, Plagioporus idoneus, Leprocreadium album and L. pegorchis, parasitic in the digestive tract of marine teleostei (Sparidae) collected near Jounieh (east Mediterranean), was analysed as a function of the host-size. In two parasite/host systems, infections were observed from the lowest size classes of the sample, with a clear tendency to an increase of abundance in older fish. In four others, parasites appear only above a rather high threshold class, young individuals never being infected. In the last three parasite/host systems, host invasion may occur early or late, but infection decreases above a well defined size class, old fishes rarely or never being infected. A given trematode species, when parasitizing several host species, shows similar abundance/host size relationships, e.g., P. idoneus in Diplodus vulgaris and Oblada melanura. When more than one species of trematode infects a single host species, curves can be markedly distinct; for instance, L. pegorchis was collected from Pagellus erythrinus below 15 cm. whereas D. israelense parasitized the same fish approximately above the same size. There is no evidence that such a replacement of one trematode by another in the course of host growth is a result of inter-specific competition.

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PubMed1997

A trematode metacercaria causing gill cartilage proliferation in steelhead trout from Oregon.

Gills of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) held in liveboxes to detect the presence of pathogens in the Willamette River (Oregon, USA) became heavily infected with trematode metacercariae. The metacercariae encysted adjacent to the cartilaginous rods of gill filaments and elicited a host response of cartilage proliferation from the perichondrium. Although some hyperplasia of gill epithelium and fusion of lamellae was apparent, the extent of damage to the respiratory surface was apparently insufficient to cause trout mortality. Morphological characteristics of the metacercariae did not allow precise identification, but they suggested affinities to either the Heterophyidae or Cryptogonimidae. Some heterophyids are known to cause proliferation of cartilage in fish gills, while cryptogonimids are not. This is the first report of trematode induced gill cartilage proliferation in steelhead trout.

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PubMed1991

Helminths of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Bashkir ASSR.

Guinea fowl from different regions of Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (BASSR) were examined for helminths. Of the 547 fowl examined, 451 (82.4%) harboured at least one species of helminth. A total of 56,772 helminths were collected and classified. Of this number seven were found to be trematodes, 25 cestodes and 56,740 nematodes. Five species of helminths were identified. Amongst infected birds, trematodes were present in three (0.7%), cestodes in eight (1.8%) and nematodes in 451 (100%). Of all recorded helminths, the incidence of Heterakis gallinarum (Gmelin, 1790) was highest. Pre-patent periods for seven species of trematodes were observed in guinea fowl for the first time.

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PubMed2005

Parasites and salinity: costly tradeoffs in a threatened species.

Parasites and environmental conditions can have direct and indirect effects on individuals. We explore the relationship between salinity and parasites in an endemic New Mexico State threatened fish, the White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa). Spatial variation in salinity limits the distribution of the endemic springsnail (Juturnia tularosae) within Salt Creek, a small desert stream. The springsnail is the presumed intermediate host for trematodes that infect the White Sands pupfish, and trematode prevalence and intensity in pupfish are positively associated with the springsnail. Salinity and parasites both have negative impacts on pupfish, but in areas of high salinity, pupfish can effectively escape parasites. Pupfish trematodes were absent from sites lacking snails. At the upstream site, the absence of parasites and lower variance in salinity were correlated with larger pupfish that were in better condition than pupfish at either the middle or lower sites. Springsnails were present in the middle section, an area with moderate salinity, and all pupfish had trematodes (median abundance 847 trematodes/fish). Lipid levels and condition were lowest in fish from the middle site. Additionally, fewer older fish indicated an increased mortality rate. At the lower site, springsnails were absent due to high salinity; pupfish trematode abundance was much lower (six trematodes/fish), and fish condition was intermediate. An additional experiment revealed that snail activity and survival were significantly reduced at high salinities commonly present at the lower site. Although both high salinity and parasites significantly affect pupfish, parasites might be more detrimental.

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