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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 is required for intrinsic osmoreception in organum vasculosum lamina terminalis neurons and for normal thirst responses to systemic hyperosmolality.

Recent studies have indicated that members of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family of cation channels are required for the generation of normal osmoregulatory responses, yet the mechanism of osmosensory transduction in primary osmoreceptor neurons of the CNS remains to be defined. Indeed, despite ample evidence suggesting that the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) serves as the primary locus of the brain for the detection of osmotic stimuli, evidence that neurons in the OVLT are intrinsically osmosensitive has remained elusive. Here we show that murine OVLT neurons are intrinsically sensitive to increases in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. Hypertonic conditions provoked increases in membrane cation conductance that resulted in the generation of an inward current, depolarizing osmoreceptor potentials, and enhanced action potential discharge. Moreover, we found that this osmosensory signal transduction cascade was absent in OVLT neurons from TRPV1 knock-out (TRPV1-/-) mice and that responses of wild type (WT) OVLT neurons could be blocked by ruthenium red, an inhibitor of TRPV channels. Finally, TRPV1-/- mice showed significantly attenuated water intake in response to systemic hypertonicity compared with WT controls. These findings indicate that OVLT neurons act as primary osmoreceptors and that a product of the trpv1 gene is required for osmosensory transduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Suppression of thirst in dogs with arteriovenous fistula.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of moderate continuous overloading of the heart on 24-h water intake (WI), urine (Vu), sodium (UNaV), potassium (UKV), solute (Cosm) and free water (CH20) excretion. The overloading of heart was produced by construction of the fistula (AVF) between the femoral artery and the vena cava inferior. Twenty four hours WI, Vu, UNaV, UKV, Cosm, CH20, as well as central venous (CVP), arterial (MABP) and interstitial (IP) pressure and volume of the extracellular fluid (ECW) were examined before and 1, 2 or 3 months after production of AVF. Daily water intake, and water/food ratio decreased, whereas CVP, MABP and IP increased significantly after production of the fistula. A significant increase in ECW was found 1 month after production of AVF. It is suggested that a moderate overloading of the heart may cause a prolonged decrease in water intake, possibly due to augmentation of the inhibitory input from the cardiovascular receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Thirst in elderly subjects.

The hormonal changes associated with ageing, the occurrence of other medical condition and the use of medications increases the likelihood of conditions such as hyper- and hypo-natremia. Awareness of the homeostatic changes with age and the relations with disease and drugs will lead better management of fluid disorders in the elderly patient and hopefully a reduction in morbidity and mortality.

Aging↗