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Results for “Structure variation”

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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Structural dentofacial variations in maxilla expansion.

BACKGROUND: The control of vertical dimension is important in those subjects who need a correction of the maxillary transversal diameters, in order to project a correct therapeutical plan and not to make worse an eventual contemporary long-face. This research intends to consider the vertical dimension changes of the cranio-facial middle third caused by palatal expansion, in relation to technique and patient's age. METHODS: We have compared orthodontic-orthopedic expansion both with elastic appliances ("w" expansion palatal arch), stiff ones (Hyrax-type appliance) and surgically assisted expansion which combines the action of Hyrax-type appliance with a bilateral corticotomy of zygomatic buttress. Among treatments of this kind which have been carried out in Odontological Clinic of University of Verona, we have selected three groups of subjects who have been treated with orthopedic expansion the first one in infantile age, the second one in adult age, and the third one with surgically assisted expansion. At the end of the treatment, we have evaluated dimension changes of the cranio-facial third middle caused by therapy, with the aid of a cephalometric analysis made on purpose. RESULTS: The results obtained are similar in the case of orthopedic expansion in young people and in surgically assisted expansion, while the increase of vertical dimension caused by the orthopedics expansion in grown-up people is more substantial. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these data, it appears that the surgically assisted expansion is more effectual and physiological for the correction of transversal deficiencies of maxilla in grown-up people.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The genetic behavior of an Agropyron intermedium chromosome conferring BYDV resistance in wheat background].

Based on the chromosome origin identification of an Agropyron intermedium chromosome with BYDV resistance in Yi4212, a BYDV-resistant substitution line derived from the hybrids between 77-5433 and Zhong5, its ability compensating the lost wheat chromosomes and its transmission rate were investigated. The results indicated that the BYDV-resistant chromosomes originated from Zhong 5 could compensate the wheat chromosomes of homotologous group 2, 5 and 7. The chromosome conferring resistance to BYDV showed the intendance to substitute 2D rather than 2A, 2B wheat chromosomes in disomic substitution lines. In (77-5433/Zhong 5) selfing F2 population, 10 kinds of chromosome constitutions, including 9 expected and 1 unexpected kinds, and much chromosome number variation and little chromosome structure variation were observed. The transmission rate of the BYDV-resistant chromosome and the gametes carrying this chromosome were 56.3% and 33.0% respectively, both are lower than the expected ratio 75.0% and 50.0%. Some reasons were given to explain the related results, and chromosome in situ hybridization was an efficient and accurate way in studying the alien chromosome behavior in wheat background.

Chromosomes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clonal structure and variation in virulence of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from mice, chickens, and humans.

The clonal analysis of a diverse collection of Salmonella Enteritidis indicates that most strains belong to a single multilocus genotype (i.e., ET-3) regardless of phage type, geographic origin, or time of isolation that spanned over 2 decades (1978 to 2004). Attachment and invasion assays, however, indicate that, among ET-3 isolates, there is a distinct invasive bacterial subpopulation that is more readily recovered from eggs and clinical cases in humans than from chicken cecal samples. These observations support the hypothesis that the specialized ability of S. Enteritidis to infect the avian reproductive tract and contaminate eggs has been critical in its emergence as a frequent cause of human illness.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

Liposomes as antigen vehicles to increase immunogenicity: effects of variation of structural characteristics.

Liposomes may be formulated as antigen vehicles, whose properties may be varied at will to produce structures which elicit the desired effects on the immune response against the associated antigen. Amongst the factors influencing the efficacy and nature of the adjuvant effect of liposomes are bilayer lipid composition, change and size of the vesicles, site of association of the antigen with the lipid lamellae and lipid to antigen ratio. Owing to the complex structure of these vesicles, strict control of the many differing parameters, as regards the liposome, the antigen, their positional relationship and the time of antibody assay between separate studies is difficult to achieve. The optimal conditions for adjuvant effect against a particular antigen thus need to be individualised. Further enhancement of liposomal adjuvanticity may be obtained by co-entrapment of immunomodulators such as lipid A, muramyl dipeptide and interleukin-2 and targeting to antigen-presenting cells via surface-linked sugar ligands.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

Variations in structure and function during the life cycle of malarial parasites.

The fine structure of malarial parasites is reviewed and the function of the intracellular organelles is discussed. When the erythrocytic, exoerythrocytic, and mosquito stages of plasmodia are compared, substantial differences are seen. The major differences involve the amount of surface coat of the motile forms, the structure and function of the mitochondria, and the ingestion and digestion of nutrients. Significant structural differences are also observed between comparable stages of mammalian and avian parasites. These differences indicate that malarial parasites adapt themselves to the different environments in which the parasite resides.When host cell changes induced by malarial parasite infection are reviewed, alterations characteristic of the infecting plasmodia are observed in erythrocytes. Erythrocyte changes include caveola-vesicle complexes, excrescences, and clefts. The caveola-vesicle complexes possess malarial antigens and exhibit pinocytotic activities. The excrescences form focal junctions with adjacent cells and may be responsible for infected erythrocyte sequestration in organs. The significance of these host cell changes specific to certain species of malarial parasite is still unknown.

Animals↗