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PubMed1999

Rationale for using single-use disposable air/water syringe tips.

The research discussed in this article was conducted to study the inaccessible lumen surfaces of used and unused metal tips of air/water syringes using a light and a scanning electron microscope. Factors affecting the selection of air/water syringe tips were enumerated and compared. Patient and dentist acceptance of reusable and single-use air/water syringe tips for use in the oral cavity was evaluated. Although heat sterilization may destroy microbial organisms, the internal surfaces of metal tips were found to be rough, making them the focus of mineral and bioburden deposits. With regard to cleaning and sterilization, disposable tips were found to be more acceptable in clinical use than metal tips.

Corrosion↗

PubMed2000

What do the needles, syringes, lancets and reagent strips of diabetic patients become in the absence of a common attitude? About 1070 questionnaires in diabetic clinics.

The aim was to investigate the fate of injection and monitoring material after its use by diabetic patients in different countries (France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Switzeland and Tunisia). Some suitable containers are available for disposal but little is known about the attitudes of patients and physicians to them. 1 070 questionnaires were completed by patients (age: 50 +/- 18 years; diabetes duration: 15 +/- 11 years; 2.8 +/- 1.1 injections per day) visiting 109 doctors. Injections were done at home (72.6%), or both at home and at work (26.6%). At home: needles, syringes, lancets and reagent strips were thrown directly into the bin in 46.9%, 49.9%, 52.2% and 67.6% of cases, respectively; and in a closed plastic bottle in 29. 6%, 28.5%, 28.9% and 19.9% of cases, respectively. Specific containers were used in 8.6% and 6.3% of cases for needles and syringes, respectively. 62% of the bottles and containers were thrown directly into the bin, whereas 15.5% were returned to a pharmacy (4.5% taken to hospitals, 2.9% were burned). At work: 63% of the patients brought their needles and syringes home for disposal, 6.9% kept suitable containers at work and 30% threw their materials directly into local bins. We conclude that awareness should be increased and the organization of the collection of used material improved.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Method of evaluating the shielding effect of syringe shields and plungers].

The opportunities to use the syringe-type radiopharmaceuticals being supplied by manufacturers to conduct examinations in the ordinary clinical practice of nuclear medicine have recently increased, and the radiation doses to the fingers of those performing the examinations has been reduced. However, not much is known about the shielding effect of the syringe-type syringe shields and plungers. In order to evaluate their shielding effect, we devised a method in which leakage rates are calculated from the counts of the image data acquired with a 2-detector scintillation camera and compared with the values and graphs. The values made it possible to determine and compare single-direction leakage rates, whereas the graphs made it possible to determine and compare 360 degrees-direction leakage rates. This method is convenient, enables satisfactory result to be obtained in any institution, and appears to make it easy to understand the shielding effect. The validity of this method was confirmed in a comparative assessment with a survey-meter.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of sealing capabilities and adhesiveness of injectable root canal sealers using pressure syringe technique.

The accuracy with which root canal space is sealed is a major determinant in the Endodontic success. Use of pressure-syringe to introduce root canal sealer in the root canal without gutta percha or silver cone represents a modification to current technique of obturation. This study investigates the sealing capabilities and adhesiveness of various root canal sealers with the use of pressure syringe technique. Apart from eliminating the use of solid core, pressure syringe technique can be used as a new obturation method since it showed better marginal sealability than the conventional technique.

Adhesiveness↗

PubMed2002

A method for the determination of syringe needle punctures in rubber stoppers using stereoscopic light microscopy.

The ability to accurately determine the number of syringe needle penetration holes through the rubber stoppers in pharmaceutical vials and rubber septa in intravenous (i.v.) line and bag ports has been a critical factor in a number of forensic cases involving the thefts of controlled substances or suspected homicide by lethal injection. In the early 1990s, the microscopy and microanalysis group of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Forensic Chemistry Center (FCC) developed and implemented a method (unpublished) to locate needle punctures in rubber pharmaceutical vial stoppers. In 1996, as part of a multiple homicide investigation, the Indiana State Police Laboratory (ISPL) contacted the FCC for information on a method to identify and count syringe needle punctures through rubber stoppers in pharmaceutical vials. In a joint project and investigation using the FCC's needle hole location method and applying a method of puncture site mapping developed by the ISPL, a systematic method was developed to locate, identify, count, and map syringe punctures in rubber bottle stoppers or i.v. bag ports using microscopic analysis. The method requires documentation of punctures on both sides of the rubber stoppers and microscopic analysis of each suspect puncture site. The final result of an analysis using the method is a detailed diagram of puncture holes on both sides of a questioned stopper and a record of the minimum number of puncture holes through a stopper.

Cause of Death↗

PubMed2003

The potential pitfalls of ear syringing. Minimising the risks.

Case histories are based on actual medical negligence claims. However, certain facts have been omitted or changed by the author to ensure the anonymity of the parties involved. Ear syringing is a common procedure performed in general practice. It has been estimated that major complications occur in 1 in 1000 ears syringed. This article discusses the common complications of ear syringing and provides some tips on how to minimise the possibility of a complication and claim arising from this procedure.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Changes in gasometric values as a result of plastic syringes refrigeration].

With the objective to carry out a quality control check on the storage of arterial blood samples in order to take postponed gasometric measurements, the authors designed an experimental comparative study of paired blood samples, one in refrigerated plastic syringes and the other kept at room temperature to study the effectiveness or not of refrigerating this type of syringes. The results obtained in this study contradict the rules of protocols currently in use since these results, advise against the refrigeration of this material since that produces a significant increase in the values of partial oxygen pressure. However, the changes in pH and pCO2 do not show any significant statistical importance. The authors provide an explanation to this phenomenon and they recommend that working protocols be corrected to not refrigerate blood samples if these are taken with common plastic, polypropylene, syringes.

Blood Gas Analysis↗

PubMed1992

Comparison of costs for disposable and reusable syringes and needles in Siriraj Hospital.

The costs for disposable and re-usable syringes and needles were compared in Siriraj Hospital, in July 1988. Data were collected from all wards regarding number of items used or replaced. Labour costs for recycling re-usable items were estimated by close observation. The costs for disposable and re-usable syringes and needles were 498,039.50, 193,874.45, 69,410.00 and 27,366.95 baht respectively. It can be concluded that re-usable items cost only 36 per cent of disposable ones. It is evident that re-usable syringes and needles should be appropriate for hospitals in Thailand at present.

Disposable Equipment↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Stability of prostaglandin E1 when fractioned into polypropylene syringes].

UNLABELLED: Prostaglandin E1 is indicated for the temporary maintenance of patent ductus arteriosus in newborns with ductus-dependent congenital heart defects. Since the standard daily dose is smaller (0.2-0.4 ml) than one ampoule (1 ml), we performed a chemical stability study of prostaglandin E1 when it is fractioned into polypropylene syringes. Three concentrations were studied: 500 mg/ml (original), and 1:2 and 1:4 dilutions in sodium chloride 0.9%. Syringes were kept at 4 degrees C for 30 days. Prostaglandin E1 levels were determined by using high-pressure chromatography. In all three formulations, the concentrations underwent no statistically significant changes over time (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: PGE1 is chemically stable at 4 degrees C for 30 days when fractioned into polypropylene syringes, both in the original and the 1:2 and 1:4 diluted formulations.

Alprostadil↗

PubMed2003

Needlestick-prevention devices. Disposable syringes and injection needles.

Needlestick-prevention devices (NPDs) are an essential tool for protecting healthcare workers from injuries that could result in exposure to bloodborne pathogens. More than a dozen NPD varieties are available. They generally take the same form as conventional (nonsafety) sharps but incorporate some type of safety design--for example, a shield or a needle-retracting mechanism. In this Evaluation, we focus on protective devices that are used in place of conventional syringes and injection needles--namely, disposable protective syringes and needle guards. We tested 14 products from 8 suppliers. We give Preferred ratings to three products, all of which are needle-retracting syringes. When used correctly, these devices provide the best protection available. However, their primary safety advantage--preremoval activation--can be negated if the user chooses to activate the safety mechanism after removing the needle from the patient. For many facilities, one of the seven models we rate Acceptable might be a better choice. We caution that our ratings should not be the sole basis of a purchase decision. Staff members need to conduct a hands-on assessment of the available products to identify those that best meet their needs. We also stress that any NPD--even one we rate Not Recommended--is preferable to using no protective device at all.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1992

Stability and sorption of calcitriol in plastic tuberculin syringes.

The stability of commercially formulated calcitriol 1 and 2 micrograms/mL and calcitriol formulation subsequently diluted to 0.5 microgram/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose injection, or water for injection was evaluated after eight hours' storage in polypropylene syringes. The apparent affinities of calcitriol for polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride were also examined. Three calcitriol 0.5 microgram/mL solutions (diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose injection, or water for injection) and aqueous calcitriol formulations, 1 and 2 micrograms/mL, were placed in 1-mL polypropylene tuberculin syringes and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography initially and after two, four, and eight hours' storage under room light at ambient temperature. Samples of calcitriol 2 micrograms/mL were also exposed to polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride at room temperature for 20 days. The remaining calcitriol concentrations were determined and apparent calcitriol polymer/water partition coefficients were calculated. Calcitriol concentrations did not change substantially during the eight-hour stability study. The mean apparent polymer/water partition coefficient for polyvinyl chloride was 66 times that for polypropylene, indicating that calcitriol has a definite affinity for polyvinyl chloride but no similar affinity for polypropylene. Aqueous calcitriol solution 1 or 2 micrograms/mL or 0.5 microgram/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% dextrose injection, or water for injection, when stored in polypropylene syringes exposed to ambient temperature and room light, appears to be stable for eight hours. Calcitriol appears to have greater affinity for polyvinyl chloride than for polypropylene.

Adsorption↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[New generation of disposable syringes].

The goal of this work was to consider the problem of disposable syringe supply to treatment-and-prophylaxis institutions (first of all, primary medical care institutions). It is emphasized that the construction of disposable syringes should make it impossible to use them a second time. The historical background of the problem is considered. Construction of disposable syringes of new generation is described, and the problems of their manufacture are discussed.

Engineering↗

PubMed2006

[Stability of busulfan injection solution (Busilvex, Busulfex) in B/Braun Injekt syringes].

Stability of busulfan injection solution (Busilvex, Busulfex) in B/Braun Injekt syringes Stability of busulfan injection was determined by a modified stability-indicating HPLC method with UV detection. Diethyldithiocarbamate was used as derivatization agent. The stability tests revealed that busulfan injection (Busilvex, Busulfex) stored in B/Braun Injekt syringes at 18-20 degrees C without light protection or refrigerated are stable for up to 28 days. Unused busulfan injection (Busilvex, Busulfex) is not necessarily to be discarded, but can be stored for a prolonged period of time in a rubber free syringe, preferably under refrigeration.

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating↗

PubMedDate not supplied

New syringe to prevent mechanical complications of central venous catheter placement.

Prompted by the continued frequency of mechanical complications associated with central venous catheter placement, a more effective and stable and safer catheter placement device has been proposed. Fifteen critically ill surgical patients who required central venous access for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and fluid management had a central venous catheter placed using the new syringe technique. Despite an equipment-use learning curve, there was no equipment failure. In 14 patients, catheter placement was successful. In one dehydrated patient, repeated attempts at percutaneous infraclavicular subclavian access were not successful, but internal jugular vein access was gained. There were no mechanical or infectious complications in the 15 patients. The new syringe provides a stable platform, reducing the fumbling usual when disconnecting the needle from the syringe and thereby avoiding the potential complications of dislodgment or hub contamination of the introducer needle and air embolism.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗

PubMed1991

Activity of urokinase diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection and stored in glass or plastic syringes.

The effects of the diluent, the container, the i.v. set, and the drug concentration on the adsorption of urokinase to i.v. administration systems were studied, along with the compatibility of urokinase with plastic and glass syringes. Solutions of urokinase 1500 and 5000 IU/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 5% dextrose injection in glass and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers were sampled at 2 and 30 minutes. Administration sets were attached to PVC containers containing the urokinase-5% dextrose injection solutions, and samples were collected at 90 and 150 minutes. Glass and polypropylene syringes containing urokinase 5000 IU/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection were sampled at 0, 4, 8, and 24 hours. Urokinase activity was measured by an in vitro clot lysis assay. No urokinase diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection adsorbed to glass or PVC containers. For urokinase 1500 IU/mL in 5% dextrose injection, a loss of 15% to 20% occurred almost instantaneously in PVC containers; additional losses to the infusion sets were minimal. However, for urokinase 5000 IU/mL in 5% dextrose injection, no losses were observed in the PVC systems. No drug loss to glass bottles was seen for urokinase 1500 or 5000 IU/mL in 5% dextrose injection. Urokinase potency remained constant in polypropylene and glass syringes for 24 hours. To minimize urokinase sorption to PVC containers, higher concentrations of urokinase diluted in 5% dextrose injection should be used, provided that clinical safety and efficacy are not compromised. The use of 0.9% sodium chloride injection as a diluent also prevents sorption losses.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1990

Reduction syringe liposculpturing.

The use of the syringe has been an advance in reduction and incremental liposculpturing. A real democratization in the medicosurgical group has been possible due to the simplification of the equipment. The shock-absorbing action of the syringe makes the operation safer and allows more fat to be removed and better results to be obtained because one does perfectly symmetrical work. The syringe is a unit of measurement in this surgery of volume.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of capillary and arterial, blood gas values in plastic and glass syringes at various intervals in normal and asthmatic subjects.

Fifty-six normal healthy subjects and forty-four patients with bronchial asthma were subjected to capillary and arterial blood gas analysis. Arterial blood values were measured immediately and at two and four hours interval after storing the samples between 0-4 degrees C using glass and plastic syringes. It was observed that PO2 of arterial blood was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than capillary PO2 values, while material of syringe and time interval of analysis did not make any significant alteration. PCO2 and pH values in arterial samples at various intervals and in different syringes were comparable in normal as well as in asthmatic subjects.

Arteries↗

PubMed1989

Bacterial contamination of re-usable and disposable syringes and needles.

Re-usable glass and disposable plastic syringes and needles were tested for their sterility. Ninety-one re-usable glass, 111 disposable plastic syringes, 105 re-usable and 91 disposable needles were determined for microbial contamination by direct method using soy-bean-casein digest and fluid thioglycolate media. The positive results were 2.2 per cent (2/91), 0.9 per cent (1/111), 2.9 per cent (3/105) and 3.3 per cent (3/91) for re-usable and disposable syringes and needles, respectively. It is concluded that there is no difference in the rates of contamination of re-usable and disposable items.

Bacteria↗