Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SPIRONOLACTONE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The use of a spironolactone and althiazide combination (aldactacine) in the treatment of benign essential hypertension.

The effects of placebo and of a spironolactone-althiazide combination in the treatment of twenty-two Kenyan Africans with hypertension were assessed using a double-blind technique. After a 2-week medication-free period, patients were randomly allocated to placebo or active treatment for 6 weeks then crossing over to the alternative medication for a further 6 weeks, reverting to the original medication for a final 6 weeks. 100 mg spironolactone plus 60 mg althiazide per day was found to produce greater falls in blood pressure when compared with the placebo periods, sometimes significantly. No serious side-effects were reported. Electrolytes remained within normal limits.

Benzothiadiazines↗
PubMed1990

Spironolactone: a re-examination.

A review of the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone is presented. It is effective both as monotherapy and in combination with other hypotensive agents in the control of both essential and hyperaldosterone-induced hypertension. It is useful as a diuretic in conditions such as cirrhosis and congestive heart failure, and is most commonly employed because of its potassium- and magnesium-sparing qualities. Spironolactone also has been used as an antiandrogenic agent in managing hirsutism. Its adverse effect profile, considered somewhat prohibitive in the past, is generally not significant when reasonably low doses (less than 150 mg/d) are used.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Spironolactone in the long-term management of patients with congestive heart failure.

The therapeutic efficacy of 100 mg spironolactone once daily in patients with congestive heart failure was evaluated in a multi-centre study in general practice. One hundred and fifteen patients were admitted to the study. Clinical and haemotological assessments were made at entry and at regular intervals throughout the 48-week study period. Body weight decreased and the incidence of both pitting and pulmonary oedema was reduced during spironolactone treatment. Plasma sodium level was consistently reduced and plasma potassium increased to accepted normal levels. Seventy-nine patients remained free of side-effects throughout the treatment period.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Bioequivalence between two furosemide-spironolactone formulations: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approach.

Two formulations of the drug combination furosemide (20 mg)-spironolactone (100 mg) were tested for bioequivalence in a randomized crossover trial in 12 healthy volunteers. By comparing the AUC values derived from drug serum concentrations, bioequivalence was only achieved for canrenone, the main metabolite of spironolactone, but not for furosemide. A significant difference in the tmax values indicates sustained release of furosemide from one of the formulations. By contrast, bioequivalence was achieved if pharmacodynamic criteria, such as urine volume and Na+ and Cl- excretion over a period of 12 hours, were used. Fractional measurements of urinary volume and electrolyte excretion (0 to 3 h, 3 to 6 h, 6 to 12 h) correlated with the different tmax values for both formulations. These data indicate that bioequivalence is more conclusively verified on the basis of pharmacodynamic parameters than on the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters. These considerations are applicable in particular to drugs displaying large inter-individual variations in serum levels and/or a poor correlation between serum levels and effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Increased plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone during spironolactone medication.

The increase of plasma deoxycorticosterone (DOC) levels after administration of spironolactone is a real effect and not due to cross-interference of the drug or its metabolites with the DOC-assay. This is proved by in vitro and in vivo results. Of all the metabolites only canrenone interferes to some extent with DOC after liquid-liquid-extraction and paper chromatography. The antiserum, however, is so highly specific, that the final cross-interference of the total procedure amounts to less than 2% of the DOC plasma levels. Moreover, in patients with Addison's disease only a very small increase of DOC plasma levels can be observed after administration of spironolactone in contrast to normal subjects.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1977

Plasma 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in spironolactone-treated hypertensives.

When measured by a specific radio-assay method which excludes drug interference, plasma 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels were found to be similar in spironolactone treated hypertensives, in untreated hypertensives, and in normotensive volunteers. No in vivo evidence for a significant inhibitory effect of spironolactone on adrenal 11beta, 17alpha and 21 hydroxylases was uncovered.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Oral progestational activity of spironolactone.

Spironolactone has progestational activity in the rabbit and rhesus monkey. It produced glandular development in the endometrium of the estrogen-primed immature female rabbit over the dosage range of 50 to 200 mg/kg and, at 400 mg/monkey, it delayed estrogen-withdrawal bleeding in ovariectomized monkeys and it inhibited menstruation in regularly cycling monkeys. These data are consistent with the menstrual irregularity and amenorrhea seen in women during treatment with spironolactone.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A novel use of spironolactone: treatment of hirsutism.

An excess of androgens is the recognized cause of hirsutism in women. In this study, the antiandrogenic properties of spironolactone were tested clinically in 30 hirsute women. The drug was administered from the 4th to the 22nd day of each menstrual cycle. The moderate side effects in no case forced interruption of the treatment. Hair growth diminished substantially in 23 of the patients, the effect becoming evident 3-5 months after the commencement of treatment. Serum testosterone concentrations decreased in all patients, and estradiol increased in 25 women. Our data suggest that the antiandrogenic properties of spironolactone render it a suitable agent in the treatment of hirsutism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Adrenocorticotropin and cortisol-induced changes in urinary sodium and potassium excretion in man: effects of spironolactone and RU486.

The role of the glucocorticoid (type II) receptor in the Na+ retention induced by cortisol is not known. The relative contribution of mineralocorticoid (type I) and type II receptor activation to changes in urinary Na+ and K+ excretion in man was studied using spironolactone and RU486 to inhibit type I and II receptors, respectively. Normal men eating a constant daily diet received either ACTH or cortisol for 5 days. Spironolactone (400 mg/day) inhibited ACTH (80 U/day)-induced kaliuresis, but not the Na+ retention produced by ACTH or cortisol (240 mg/day) and only blunted the modest Na+ retention induced by cortisol (120 mg/day). RU486 (1200 mg/day for the first 2 day) inhibited the first day kaliuresis and carbohydrate intolerance produced by cortisol, but did not affect the Na+ retention. Thus, the kaliuresis produced by cortisol and ACTH can be attributed to type II and type I receptor activation, respectively. The failure of RU486 to inhibit the Na+ retention induced by cortisol with evidence of adequate blockade of type II receptors indicates that the Na+ retention produced by cortisol is not mediated by type II receptor activation, but is, at least in part, mediated by the type I receptor.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2005

Long-term effect of spironolactone on cardiac structure as assessed by analysis of ultrasonic radio-frequency signals in patients with ventricular hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND: An effect of aldosterone on ventricular fibrosis has been demonstrated in animals, but remains unclear in human patients. This study aimed to investigate (1) the relationship between left ventricular (LV) fibrosis and myocardial ultrasonic texture as assessed with myocardial radio-frequency (RF) signals analyzed from the viewpoint of their waveform with chaos theory in animals and (2) serial changes in myocardial ultrasonic texture following long-term aldosterone blockade in patients with LV hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS: In an animal study, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups with and without adriamycin administration, and the relationship between the RF signals and LV fibrosis was assessed. In a clinical study, effects of 12-month-administration of spironolactone were assessed in patients with LV hypertrophy. The animal study revealed that the correlation dimension (CD) calculated from the RF signals inversely correlated with the area of fibrosis. The clinical study demonstrated an increase in CD following 6-month administration of spironolactone. The changes in CD positively correlated with those in the serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I. CONCLUSION: Myocardial RF signals analyzed with chaos theory reflect the severity of LV fibrosis. Aldosterone blockade may alter myocardial ultrasonic texture with regression of LV fibrosis, at least partly through enhanced collagen degradation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effects of enalapril and spironolactone on terbutaline-induced hypokalemia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether enalapril (E) 10 mg and spironolactone (S) 100 mg attenuate the hypokalemic effect of inhaled terbutaline (T). DESIGN: Randomized single-blind crossover. Subjects received the following treatment combinations: (a) placebo (P), (b) T alone, (c) T + E, or (d) T + S. SETTING: University Department of Clinical Pharmacology. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty healthy volunteers (ten male, ten female) of mean age 22.8 +/- 3.1 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum potassium, magnesium, ECG changes (R-R interval, T wave, and QTc interval) for 4 h after terbutaline inhalation. MAIN RESULTS: Baseline serum potassium levels were higher following prior treatment with E and S; P, 3.78 mmol/L (3.67 to 3.88); T + E, 3.93 mmol-1 (3.82 to 4.03); and T + S, 4.03 mmol/L (3.93 to 4.14) (p less than 0.05). Mean potassium concentrations over 4 h were also higher following prior treatment with E and S; T, 3.58 mmol/L (3.54 to 3.63); T + E, 3.68 mmol/L (3.64 to 3.72) (p less than 0.05); and T + S, 3.73 mmol/L (3.68 to 3.78) (p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Enalapril and spironolactone protect against the fall in serum potassium over 4 h by elevating baseline potassium concentration. These potassium-sparing drugs, however, should not be used to prevent the hypokalemic and electrocardiographic sequelae of inhaled beta 2-agonists.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pituitary-thyroid function in spironolactone treated hypertensive women.

Four weeks high dose spironolactone treatment (Aldactone Searle, 100 mg q. i. d.) significantly enhanced the TSH (delta max. 8.5 +/- 4.1 vs. 4.6 +/- 3.1 microunits/ml, P less than 0.05) and T3 (delta max. 32 +/- 27 vs. 11 +/- 16 ng/100 ml, P less than 0.05) responses to an intravenous TRH/LH-RH bolus injection in 6 eumenorrhoeic euthyroid hypertensive women, without affecting basal serum TSH, T3 or T4 levels or the basal and stimulated LH, FSH and prolactin values (P greater than 0.10). The mean serum testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and oestradiol levels were also similar before and during therapy. Spironolactone, possibly by virtue of its antiandrogenic action, may exert its enhancing effect on pituitary-thyroid function by modulating the levels of receptors for TRH in the thyrotrophs or by altering the T3 receptor in the pituitary permitting a greater response to TRH.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Combined treatment with valsartan and spironolactone prevents cardiovascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats.

Treatment with an angiotensin blocker (ARB) and an aldosterone blocker has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling in several cardiac diseases. It is still not clear whether the combination of these drugs is more effective against cardiac remodeling than the use of either agent alone. We examined the effects of combined treatment with valsartan, an ARB, and spironolactone, an aldosterone blocker, on cardiac remodeling in the renovascular hypertensive (RHT) rat. The RHT rats were divided into 4 groups administered valsartan (3 mg/kg/day, ARB group), spironolactone (4 mg/kg/day, SPRL group), both drugs at these doses (combined group), or neither drug (untreated RHT group). After 5 weeks, systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in the 3 treatment groups, however, there were no significant differences in the extent of blood pressure reduction among the 3 treatment groups. The heart weight/body weight ratio in each of the 3 treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the untreated RHT group. The degree of cardiac and perivascular fibrosis in the SPRL group and the combined group were significantly lower than that in the untreated RHT group. Myocyte remodeling in the ARB group and in the combined group was significantly smaller than that in the untreated RHT group. These results suggest that SPRL treatment prevents cardiac and perivascular fibrosis and ARB treatment suppresses the cellular hypertrophy of myocytes, and that, therefore, combined treatment with both drugs prevents cardiac remodeling by acting against both myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in RHT rats.

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers↗
PubMed1980

Bartter's syndrome with normal urinary excretion of prostaglandin E: therapeutic effects of propranolol, spironolactone, indomethacin and potassium chloride.

Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E (PGE) in 8 patients with Bartter's syndrome measured by the radioimmunoassay method was not augmented over the normal values. In one of them, urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and PGE, serum sodium, potassium and chloride, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were studied before and after the administration of propranolol, spironolactone, indomethacin and potassium chloride. Neither propranolol nor spironolactone affected any of these parameters. Indomethacin promptly reduced urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and PGE, and markedly suppressed the renin-aldosterone system. Serum potassium was elevated, but remained still in hypokalemic range. Potassium chloride was most effective in raising the serum potassium level during the first 4 weeks of administration. These results suggest that overproduction of renal PGs is not the primary cause of Bartter's syndrome, and that the renal potassium wastage is one of the etiological factors in this syndrome. It has also been suggested that hyperreninemia in this syndrome was associated in some way with renal PGs, not PGE but other series of PGs.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Spironolactone in the treatment of hirsutism.

Spironolactone (100 mg) for 25 days in each menstrual cycle was assessed over 6 months for treatment of hirsutism in 35 patients. Five patients withdrew due to either nausea or polymenorrhea. the latter problem was encountered in 16 patients. Of the 30 remaining patients, 17 had a significant reduction in hair growth as assessed by Ferriman and Gallwey hair scores (p less than 0.05). The only significant change in endocrine parameters was a reduction in serum testosterone (p less than 0.05). Treatment with spironolactone alone was inferior to our previous experience with the cyproterone acetate--estrogen combination.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Recurrence of hypertension in primary aldosteronism after discontinuation of spironolactone. Time course of changes in cardiac output and body fluid volumes.

Hemodynamic mechanisms underlying the hypertensive action of long-standing sodium overload were studied in ten subjects with aldosterone-producing adenoma. Arterial pressure was 129+/-4/91+/-4 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) during spironolactone treatment, 177+/-5/114+/-3 mm Hg six weeks after the drug had been stopped, and 136+/-4/94+/-3 mm Hg two months after operation. In the six weeks following cessation of spironolactone, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood volume and sodium space were determined at weekly intervals. In each subject the biochemical syndrome of aldosterone-excess had been fully developed in two weeks. The hemodynamic changes in that period were also uniform. Mean arterial pressure in week 2 was increased by 20+/-3% with parallel increments of cardiac output and stroke volume of 22+/-5 and 30+/-6%. Blood volume and sodium space were increased by 11+/-2 and 29+/-4%. The patterns in weeks 2-6 were not uniform. In five subjects (age 33-49 yr) the hypertension was maintained through increased cardiac output; in week 6 it was 34+/-7% above its initial value, and stroke volume and blood volume were 37+/-4 and 16+/-4% above control. In the remaining five subjects (age 50-60 yr) cardiac output, stroke volume and blood volume returned to their initial values, and total peripheral resistance in week 6 was 36+/-13% above control. Sodium space remained expanded in both groups. The measurements after surgery confirmed the existence of the high-flow and high-resistance patterns; there was a decrease in cardiac output in the former group of subjects and a decrease in resistance in the latter. Apparently, increased resistance is not a direct consequence of increased flow. The observed age-related differences in hemodynamic patterns of sodium overload bear some resemblance to essential hypertension where a high-flow state of long duration may precede the ultimate phase of low vascular capacitance and high resistance.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1990

Use of spironolactone in treatment of hirsutism.

Spironolactone (Aldactone), 100 mg to 200 mg daily, has antiandrogenic effects that may enhance treatment of androgen-excess syndromes, particularly severe hirsutism. Combination therapy with an oral contraceptive or with dexamethasone appears to have a beneficial effect. Side effects are transient. The drug should be avoided during pregnancy and in women who have a family history of breast cancer, although there is no proven association between spironolactone and breast malignancy.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1978

A comparison between spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide with and without alpha-methyldopa in the treatment of hypertension.

In a single blind crossover trial, spironolactone (50 mg twice a day), and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg twice a day) were equally effective hypotensive agents in 16 patients with untreated essential hypertension. The addition of alpha-methyldopa (250 mg three times a day) to each agent produced a further significant and equal fall in blood pressure. Spironolactone therapy was assoicated with fewer clinical and biochemical side effects. The hypotensive effect of the diuretics was independent of the renin status of the patients.

Adult↗