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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Analysis of symmetrical translocations for retrospective biodosimetry in radiation workers of the Mayak nuclear-industrial complex (Southern Urals) using FISH-chromosome painting.

PURPOSE: Frequencies of symmetrical translocations were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for retrospective biodosimetry in workers occupationally exposed to external gamma-rays and internal plutonium at the Mayak nuclear-industrial complex (Southern Urals, Russia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chromosome analyses were carried out on peripheral lymphocytes from 75 Mayak workers who had received their main exposures between 1948 and 1963. Cumulative external gamma-ray doses between 0.02 and 9.91 Sv and plutonium burdens ranging between 0.26 and 18.5 kBq are reported. As controls, 33 unexposed persons from non-contaminated areas of the Southern Urals were used. Whole-chromosome painting probes for chromosomes 1, 4 and 12 were used simultaneously with a pancentromeric probe. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, a significantly elevated translocation frequency was found for the total study group and for either of two subsets with (48 subjects) and without (27 subjects) plutonium incorporation. The dicentric frequency was not significantly different from the control level. In the pooled data set, translocation frequencies showed a significant dependence on cumulative external gamma-ray doses. Plutonium uptake had no substantial influence. Individual dose estimates for 21 cases exhibiting at least five translocations ranged between 0.5 and 1.8 Gy, which is substantially lower than the workers' registered personal doses. CONCLUSION: At 35-40 years after protracted exposure to low-dose rate external gamma-rays, the postulated lifetime stability of translocations cannot be confirmed. Apparently, the natural loss of translocation-bearing peripheral lymphocytes cannot be fully compensated so that a temporal decline even of transmissible aberrations takes place. As a consequence, individual retrospective biodosimetry estimates cannot be obtained reliably from the remaining fraction of translocations.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Outcome in relation to treatment modalities in 48 patients with localized gastric MALT lymphoma: a retrospective study of patients treated during 1976-2001.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze survival and tumor response data in patients with localized gastric MALT lymphoma treated by different treatment modalities other than anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment (diagnosis made before 1993, or after failure of antibiotics + anti-acid), including surgery, chemotherapy or combined treatment. Here we studied a series of 48 patients with stage IE or IIE disease treated during the past 11 years. These patients received different treatments: chemotherapy was proposed to 19 (40%) patients; gastric surgery to 21 (43%) patients, consisting of partial gastrectomy of 7 patients and total gastrectomy in 14 patients; combined treatment to 8 (17%) patients, consisting of surgery + chemotherapy in 7 patients and surgery + chemotherapy + radiotherapy in 1 patient. At diagnosis, 85% of the patients had good PS and no B symptoms. Complete response after treatment was reached in 45 (94%) patients (chemotherapy: 84% of the patients; surgery alone: 95%; combined treatment: 100%). Progression was observed in 16 (33%) patients. No statistical difference in the survival was found among the different therapeutic modalities: 5-year overall survival year FFP survival was 81% for chemotherapy, 86% for surgery alone and 95% for combined treatment. Prognostic factors for survival were age, performance status and hemoglobin level at diagnosis. Considering the natural bias of a retrospective analysis, surgery or chemotherapy was associated with a similar outcome in patients with MALT lymphoma after antibiotics failure.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Acupuncture as a promising treatment for below-level central neuropathic pain: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Below-level central neuropathic pain, a diffuse pain characterized by generalized burning, is commonly experienced by individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an electroacupuncture protocol for the treatment of below-level central neuropathic pain developed at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Lyndhurst Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. METHOD: Retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Thirty-six individuals with traumatic and nontraumatic SCI met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 24 showed improvement after treatment with the electroacupuncture protocol. Type of injury, level of injury, and duration of below-level central neuropathic pain was not correlated with improvement. However, individuals whose pain was described as bilateral (vs unilateral; P = 0.014) or symmetric (vs nonsymmetric; P = 0.026) were more likely to improve after acupuncture treatment. Overall, patients whose burning pain was bilateral, symmetric, and constant (P = 0.005) were the most likely to improve. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study suggests that the Lyndhurst Center Central Neuropathic Pain Acupuncture Protocol may be an effective treatment option for patients with SCI who are experiencing below-level central neuropathic pain. Additional prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Vitamin B12 deficiency in spinal cord injury: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Vitamin B12 (or cobalamin) deficiency is well known in geriatric patients, but not in those with spinal cord injury (SCI). This retrospective study describes vitamin B12 deficiency in SCI. METHODS: This study utilized a retrospective chart review of patients with SCI who had received serum vitamin B12 testing over the last 10 years. RESULTS: Probable vitamin B12 deficiency was noted in 16 patients with SCI. Twelve patients had subnormal serum vitamin B12 levels (< 220 pg/mL), whereas 4 patients had low-normal vitamin B12 levels (< 300 pg/mL) with neurologic and/or psychiatric symptoms that improved following vitamin B12 replacement. Classic findings of paresthesias and numbness often were not evident; such findings likely were masked by the pre-existing sensory impairment caused by SCI. Of the 16 SCI patients, 7 were ambulatory; 4 of the 7 presented with deterioration of gait. In addition, 3 of the 16 SCI patients presented with depression and fatigue, 2 had worsening pain, 2 had worsening upper limb weakness, and 2 had memory decline. Of the 12 patients with subnormal serum vitamin B12 levels, 6 were asymptomatic. Classic laboratory findings of low serum vitamin B12, macrocytic red blood cell indices, and megaloblastic anemia were not always present. Anemia was identified in 7 of the 16 patients and macrocytic red blood cells were found in 3 of the 16 patients. Only 1 of the 16 SCI patients had a clear pathophysiologic mechanism to explain the vitamin B12 deficiency (ie, partial gastrectomy); none of the patients were vegetarian. Twelve of the SCI patients appeared to experience clinical benefits from cyanocobalamin replacement (some patients experienced more than 1 benefit), including reversal of anemia (5 patients), improved gait (4 patients), improved mood (3 patients), improved memory (2 patients), reduced pain (2 patients), strength gain (1 patient), and reduced numbness (1 patient). CONCLUSION: It is recommended that physicians consider vitamin B12 deficiency in their patients with SCI, particularly in those with neurologic and/or psychiatric symptoms. These symptoms often are reversible if treatment is initiated early.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

What motivates daily cigarette smokers to quit? Retrospective annual discrete duration analysis.

This article analyzes retrospective information reported in an individual specific cross-sectional data set to examine who among daily cigarette smokers is likely to quit. In general, current quitting information is quite different from retrospective information. Cigarette price parameter estimates suggest that females are more forward looking than males and that males who start smoking daily at a young age are unlikely to quit. Furthermore, the birth of a child seems to encourage a mother and father to quit, and when a person receives some postsecondary education, they to are more likely to quit.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Can the decision to operate be judged retrospectively? A study of medical records.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the precision and completeness of information in medical records for evaluating the appropriateness of operative indications for lumbar disc surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective review of records. SETTING: University department of neurosurgery, Switzerland. SUBJECT: 100 patients. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of pre-defined, detailed appropriateness criteria present in the records. Proportion of cases that could unequivocally be classified as to the appropriateness of the indication for operation. RESULTS: The criteria were present and precise for 52 of the items (range 9-90); present but imprecise for 38 of the items, and absent for 10. Because of this imprecision, the appropriateness of only 7 of the operative indications could be unequivocally assessed retrospectively. CONCLUSION: Medical records are of limited use in assessing the appropriate management of care. The process of care should therefore be evaluated prospectively.

Female↗
PubMed2000

A retrospective study on the efficacy of short-term perioperative prophylaxis in abdominal surgery for hernia repair in 1,254 patients.

Between 1992 and 1999 1,254 patients requiring hernioplasty came to our Department of Surgery, at San Giovanni Valdarno Hospital, Arezzo. In 94% of cases a prosthetic device was inserted. All patients received a preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis with ceftriaxone, administered intravenously in a single 2 g dose, before surgery. We have retrospectively evaluated the incidence of postoperative infections in these patients: no surgical wound infection occurred, while we observed 10 cases of systemic infections, 5 respiratory tract infections and 5 urinary tract infections, all of which were successfully treated with antibiotics. Tolerability was good: no adverse reaction to ceftriaxone was observed. In this retrospective study ceftriaxone was shown to be effective in preventing the onset of postoperative infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A retrospective comparative study of aortic valve replacement with St. Jude medical and medtronic-hall prostheses: a 20-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term clinical outcome of patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with St. Jude Medical and Medtronic-Hall mechanical prostheses. DESIGN: From June 1978 to June 1982, 43 Medtronic-Hall and 48 St. Jude Medical mechanical valves were implanted in 90 consecutive patients with aortic valve disease, and their clinical outcome was retrospectively assessed. RESULTS: At 20 years in the St. Jude Medical group and in the Medtronic-Hall group the actuarial rates of overall survival were 50 and 49% (p = NS), of cardiovascular survival 66 and 63% (p = NS), of valve-related survival 95 and 91% (p = NS), of freedom from major valve-related complications 83 and 45% (p = 0.005), from major cerebrovascular events 93 and 71% (p =0.06), from valve thrombosis 97 and 89% (p = NS), from aortic valve reoperation 93 and 88% (p = NS), from major bleeding 96 and 82% (p = 0.04), and from endocarditis 93 and 82% (p = NS), respectively. The linearized rate of overall major aortic valve prosthesis-related complications was 3.47%/year in the Medtronic-Hall valve group and 1.53%/year in the St. Jude Medical valve group (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that the type of prosthesis was predictive of freedom from valve-related complications (p = 0.01; 2.849; C.I. 95%: 1.246-6.516). CONCLUSION: The aortic St. Jude Medical mechanical valve seems to be associated with a slightly lower rate of long-term valve-related morbidity than the aortic Medtronic-Hall mechanical valve. Because of the small patient population and the retrospective nature of the study, the choice between these two prostheses should not be made only on the basis of these findings. However, these results suggest a reappraisal for further comparative studies with such an extended follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A retrospective analysis of sleep quality and survival with domiciliary ventilatory support in motor neuron disease.

Previous studies have demonstrated that domiciliary ventilatory support improves survival, quality of life and cognitive function in motor neuron disease (MND). These benefits are partly attributed to better sleep quality and less hypoxia. In a retrospective analysis we compared the effect of non-invasive (NPPV, n = 52), tracheostomy (TPPV, n = 23) and no ventilation (n = 43) on sleep and survival in MND patients over a seven-year period. The TPPV and NPPV groups had more sleep arousals (AI, p = 0.024), more respiratory events (p = 0.001) and more time asleep with an oxygen saturation less than 90% (%TST with SpO2<90%, p = 0.01), than those who were not ventilated. After treatment with TPPV or NPPV, the percentage of rapid eye movement sleep increased (p<0.001) and the %TST with Sp02<90% (p = 0.006) and AI (p = 0.001) decreased. Improvements were larger and more consistent with NPPV. The median survival of those who used TPPV was 41 months, NPPV 32 months and of those not ventilated was 25 months, significantly different four years (p = 0.0497) after symptom onset. In this retrospective cohort of MND patients, ventilation, particularly NPPV, markedly improved sleep and conferred a modest survival advantage.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Anxiety sensitivity: association with intensity of retrospectively-rated smoking-related withdrawal symptoms and motivation to quit.

The present cross-sectional study evaluated the associations between anxiety sensitivity, intensity of retrospectively-rated nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and motivation to quit smoking. Participants were 127 young adult (mean age 20.4 years (SD 4.6)) regular smokers (mean cigarettes per day 10.2 (SD 5.1)). Anxiety sensitivity predicted intensity of retrospectively rated withdrawal symptoms during the first week of the most recent quit attempt as well as concurrent and lifetime indices of motivation to quit smoking even after controlling for theoretically-relevant smoking (e.g. nicotine dependence) and affect (e.g. panic attack history) factors. These results are discussed in relation to better understanding panic-related vulnerability factors in smoking cessation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Note on the reliability and validity of mothers' retrospective reports of their children's birthweights.

Using data from the 1973, 1976, and 1982 National Survey of Family Growth Studies, mothers' retrospective reports of their children's birthweights are compared across surveys and with vital registration data. Comparisons focus on estimated levels for blacks and whites, and on the effects of possible determinants. Despite the fact that nonresponse is more common for blacks, especially for births occurring at dates more distant from the surveys, results show that retrospective reports of low birthweight (less than 5.5 pounds) provide valid and reliable estimates of trends and differentials.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Within-compound associations mediate the retrospective revaluation of causality judgements.

The role of within-compound associations in the retrospective revaluation of causality judgements was investigated in a two-stage procedure in which the subjects were asked to learn whether or not different food stimuli caused an allergic reaction in hypothetical patients. In the compound-cue stage a number of compound cues, each consisting of a competing stimulus and a target stimulus, were associated with the reaction across a series of trials, whereas in the single-cue stage the subjects had the opportunity to learn which of the competing cues, when presented alone, caused the reaction. Each target stimulus was presented with the same competing cue across all compound trials in the consistent condition, but with a different competing cue on each trial in the varied condition. In a forward procedure, in which the single-cue stage preceded compound cue training, judgements of the causal effectiveness of the target stimuli were reduced or blocked by training them in compound with a competing cue that had been previously paired with the reaction. Moreover, the magnitude of this reduction was comparable in the consistent and varied conditions. This was not true, however, when the single- and compound-cue stages were reversed in the backward procedure. Judgements for target cues compounded with competing cues that were subsequently paired with the reaction were reduced only in the consistent condition. If it is assumed that stronger associations were formed between the competing and target stimuli during the compound-cue stage in the consistent condition than in the varied condition, this pattern suggests that the retrospective revaluation of causality judgements can be mediated by the formation of within-compound associations.

Allergens↗
PubMed2003

Value of 3D-volume rendering in the assessment of coronary arteries with retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT.

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value and measurement precision of 3D volume rendering technique (3D-VRT) from retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT (MSCT) data sets for imaging of the coronary arteries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 35 patients, retrospectively ECG-gated MSCT of the heart using a four detector row MSCT scanner with a standardized examination protocol was performed as well as quantitative X-ray coronary angiography (QCA). The MSCT data was assessed on segmental basis using 3D-VRT exclusively. The coronary artery diameters were measured at the origin of each main coronary branch and 1 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm distally. The minimum, maximum and mean diameters were determined from MSCT angiography and compared to QCA. RESULTS: A total of 353 of 525 (67.2%) coronary artery segments were assessable by MSCT angiography. The proximal segments were more often assessable when compared to the distal segments. Stenoses were detected with a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 92.8%. According to the Bland-Altman method the mean differences between QCA and MSCT ranged from -0.55 to 1.07 mm with limits of agreement from -2.2 mm to -2.7 mm. CONCLUSION: When compared to QCA, the ability of 3D-VRT to quantitatively assess coronary artery diameters and coronary artery stenoses is insufficient for clinical purposes.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed2004

Retrospective respiratory motion correction for navigated cine velocity mapping.

In general, high spatial and temporal resolutions in cine cardiac imaging require long scan times, making breath-hold acquisition impossible in many cases. To enable free-breathing cardiac imaging, methods such as navigator gating were developed to reduce image artifacts due to respiratory motion. Nevertheless, residual image blurring is seen in images acquired late in the cardiac cycle. Image blurring itself hampers accurate blood flow quantification, especially in vessels exhibiting high flows during diastole. In the present work, the navigator gating and slice tracking method was extended by using navigator information to correct for in-slice motion components throughout the cardiac cycle. For this purpose, a standard two-dimensional (2D) cine phase contrast sequence with navigator gating and slice position correction was used, and navigator information was recorded along with the raw k-space data. In postprocessing, in-plane motion components arising from respiration during the actual data acquisition were estimated and corrected according to the Fourier shift theorem. In phantom experiments, the performance of the correction algorithm for different slice angulations with respect to the navigator orientation was validated. In vivo, coronary flow measurements were performed in 9 healthy volunteers. The correction algorithm led to considerably improved vessel sharpness throughout the cardiac cycle in all measured subjects [increase in vessel sharpness: 16+/-11% (mean+/-SD)]. Furthermore, these improvements resulted in increased volume flow rates [16+/-13% (mean+/-SD)] after retrospective correction indicating the impact of the method. It is concluded that retrospective respiratory motion corrections for navigated cine two-dimensional (2D) velocity mapping can correct for in-plane motion components, providing better image quality for phases acquired late in the cardiac cycle. Therefore, this method holds promise in particular for free-breathing coronary flow quantification.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1999

Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: retrospective study of 31 patients.

The aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether corticosteroid adjunctive therapy (CAT) could prevent death in immunocompromised patients with severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) who do not have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, similarly to what has been demonstrated for HIV-infected patients. The charts of all non-HIV-infected patients who were admitted to two medical intensive care units between 1988 and 1996 because of severe PCP, defined by an arterial oxygen pressure (determined while the patient was breathing room air) of <70 mm Hg, and who were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-one patients met the study criteria, of whom 23 received CAT (within 72 hours of antibiotic therapy) and eight did not receive CAT. The need for mechanical ventilation (10 [43%] of 23 vs. 4 [50%] of 8) and the mortality rate (9 [39%] of 23 vs. 4 [50%] of 8) were similar for the two groups. Although this small study does not have a statistical power high enough to rule out the possibility of a difference, the results suggest that CAT does not improve the survival of non-HIV-infected patients as has been described for HIV-infected patients with severe PCP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effects of race on psychiatric diagnosis of hospitalized adolescents: a retrospective chart review.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported that patient ethnicity influences psychiatric diagnosis, although this has only been examined in adolescents in two prior studies. One study was based on an outpatient sample and the other was a retrospective study involving a relatively small sample of inpatients. We hypothesized that, as reported in adults, African American adolescents would be diagnosed with schizophrenic spectrum disorders more frequently than Caucasians, and Caucasians correspondingly would receive more affective disorders diagnoses. METHODS: We retrospectively examined the charts of all adolescents (ages 12-18 years) admitted to the Adolescent Psychiatry Unit at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (n = 1,001) between July 1995 and June 1998 for demographic information and discharge diagnoses. We used insurance status as a proxy for socioeconomic status. RESULTS: African American males were more commonly diagnosed with schizophrenic spectrum disorders than were African American women, Caucasian women, and Caucasian men. There were significantly more African Americans diagnosed with conduct disorder than Caucasians. In contrast, Caucasians were diagnosed with alcohol use disorders and major depression more often. CONCLUSIONS: Patient race and sex may influence clinical psychiatric diagnoses of hospitalized adolescents. Further investigations using structured interviews are necessary to determine whether the disparity in clinical diagnosis is secondary to actual gender and racial differences in the rates of illnesses in hospitalized adolescents or due to other factors that may contribute to diagnostic practices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Adjunctive topiramate treatment for pediatric bipolar disorder: a retrospective chart review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of the anticonvulsant agent, topiramate, as adjunctive treatment for children and adolescents with bipolar disorders. METHODS: The outpatient medical charts of children and adolescents with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnosis of bipolar disorder, type I or II, and who were treated with topiramate were retrospectively reviewed by two child and adolescent psychiatrists using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale and the Clinical Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). Separate CGI ratings were made for mania and overall bipolar illness. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients (mean age 14 +/- 3.5 years) with bipolar disorder, type I (n = 23) or II (n = 3), who had been treated (mean duration 4.1 +/- 6.1 months) with topiramate (mean dose 104 +/- 77 mg/day) were identified. Response rate (defined by a CGI-Improvement score of < or = 2 at endpoint) was 73% for mania and 62% for overall illness. CGAS scores significantly improved from baseline to endpoint. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Although controlled trials are necessary, this retrospective study suggests that topiramate is effective and well tolerated as an adjunctive treatment for children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid on chemoimmunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma--results of a retrospective analysis.

Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) with interleukin-2, interferon-alpha2a, and 5-fluorouracil is an accepted treatment option of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Because of the enhancement of the antiproliferative effects of interferon-alpha2a, 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-CRA) might be of potential usefulness for immunotherapy. We have investigated the effect of 13-CRA in patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy. Seventy-two patients with mRCC and a Karnofsky performance index > or = 80% were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-six patients received chemoimmunotherapy and 36 other patients were treated similarly but with addition of daily 60 mg 13-CRA. Response was assessed according to the UICC criteria. Survival was calculated by Kaplan Meier estimation and compared with the log-rank test. In the CIT group objective remissions occurred in 34.3% (95% CI 19.1-52.2) and stabilizations in 42.9% (median follow-up 16 months). In the CIT plus 13-CRA group, objective remissions were seen in 26.4% (95% CI 12.9-44.4) and stabilizations in 50% (median follow-up 17 months). One- and three-year survival rates were 76% and 32% in the CIT group and 82% and 37% in the CIT plus 13-CRA group. The combination of CIT and 13-CRA did not significantly differ in objective remissions and estimated survival compared with CIT. Our retrospective data suggest that 13-CRA does not enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CIT in mRCC patients with a good performance status.

Adult↗