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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Morphological studies of cytotoxic lesions in reversible endotoxic shock.

Reversible endotoxic shock was induced in adult rats by intravenous injection of E. coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the progression of metabolic and morphological alterations was evaluated. Serum samples and biopsies from adrenal gland, liver and lung were studied at different times after LPS injection. Histological changes in these tissues were observed after endotoxin administration, coinciding with both the acute-phase and the recovery-phase of shock (24-72h after LPS injection). Signs of tissue regeneration can be correlated with the regression of some serum parameters to their normal values. All these results indicate that in this experimental model of endotoxic shock, a reversible status was established, which will allow further studies of the endotoxic pathophysiological mechanisms in vivo, avoiding the complexity of the non-reversible process.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1987

Early agonist-mediated ionic events in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Calcium mobilization is associated with intracellular acidification.

Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, increases free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by release of nonmitochondrial Ca2+ stores and stimulates an amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx, presumably via Na+/H+ exchange. We recently have found that the angiotensin II-mediated change in VSMC intracellular pH has two components, an early rapid acidification phase and a slower recovery phase involving Na+-dependent alkalinization. In the present study, we show that the early acidification is not mediated via Na+/H+ exchange. Instead, we propose a mechanism which involves increases in [Ca2+]i and Ca2+ efflux with a subsequent rise in intracellular H+. Agonists, in addition to angiotensin II, which increase [Ca2+]i in cultured VSMC, including platelet-derived growth factor, vasopressin, and bradykinin, induce an acidification, while agonists which fail to raise [Ca2+]i do not. The time course and magnitude of agonist-stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux correlate with the acidification response. The angiotensin II concentration-response relationship for acidification and Ca2+ mobilization are similar. Furthermore, inhibition of changes in [Ca2+]i by treatment with phorbol ester, cyclic GMP, or quin2 loading prevent agonist-mediated acidification. The effects of altering extracellular [Ca2+] and [H+] on agonist-mediated intracellular acidification and H+ efflux suggest that the acidification is due to ATP-dependent unidirectional H+ influx, perhaps via the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, and not to a Ca2+/H+ antiport. This agonist-mediated acidification represents a previously undescribed ionic event in VSMC activation which may be involved in excitation-response coupling.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1997

Serum concentrations of free ubiquitin and multiubiquitin chains.

Ubiquitin, which can conjugate with cellular proteins, is classified into two forms: free ubiquitin and multiubiquitin chains. The latter is active as a signal for degradation of the targeted proteins. We found both forms in human serum and, using two immunoassays, quantitated them in sera from healthy subjects and patients with some diseases. Because of putative leakage of erythrocyte ubiquitin, hemolytic serum and serum obtained after long incubation (> 1-2 h) of blood at room temperature were excluded. Serum concentrations of multiubiquitin chains and free ubiquitin were substantially higher in rheumatoid arthritis and hemodialysis patients, respectively, than healthy subjects. Additionally, in acute viral hepatitis, serum multiubiquitin chain concentrations were increased in the acute phase, decreased in the recovery phase, and correlated with alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities (r = 0.676 and 0.610, P < 0.0001 and < 0.001, respectively). Therefore, serum ubiquitin may have prognostic value.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Respiratory responses to passive and active recovery from exercise.

To investigate the effect of the neural components associated with leg movements on the control of ventilation during recovery from exercise, we recorded the minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) of eight normal volunteers during recovery from moderate, steady-state cycle exercise (170 W). The recovery phases were undergone separately under two different conditions: 5 min of rest (passive recovery) on a bicycle ergometer and 3 min of pedaling at a work rate of 0W (active recovery) followed by 2 min of rest. The phase-1 responses were observed in all the variables studied at the transition of passive recovery but not in the active recovery phase. The kinetics of VCO2, during the off-transition were significantly faster than those of VE in both recoveries, indicating that the decreases in VCO2 could precede the decreases in VE. Although the levels of VE and VCO2 during active recovery were significantly higher than those during passive recovery, the decline in VE was closely proportional to that of VCO2 under both recovery conditions, with resultant indications of similar VE-VCO2 regression lines. These findings suggest that the flux of CO2 to the lungs is an important determinant of ventilatory drive during recovery, and that neither central command nor neural afferents from contracting muscles are requisite for the control of ventilation during recovery from exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in thrombocytopenic infectious mononucleosis.

Severe haemorrhagic thrombocytopenia in infectious mononucleosis with positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology remains a threatening clinical problem. Although rare, fatalities have been reported. We present clinical, haematological and serological details of two patients with diffuse bleeding associated with this disease who failed conventional steroid treatment and who both responded promptly and effectively to infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v. Ig). A platelet immunofluorescence test was used to detect platelet antibodies in acute and recovery phase patient sera against autologous recovery platelets and against normal allogeneic group O platelets. In one patient, indirect immunofluorescence using recovery platelets detected an IgG platelet autoantibody with acute phase autologous serum. No platelet antibody was detected in the second patient. The data presented demonstrate that response to i.v. Ig is independent of serological detection of platelet autoantibodies. Therapy with i.v. Ig should be considered in any case of haemorrhagic thrombocytopenia associated with EBV infection shown to be refractory to steroid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The behavior of glucose tolerance, serum insulin and C-peptide in acute viral hepatitis].

On 35 patients with acute hepatitis had been carried out intravenous glucose-tolerance-tests (0,5 g glucose/kg). The assimilation coefficient of glucose and the level of insulin were determined during the acute phase of illness and the recovery phase. In 8 cases additionally C-peptide was determined to interpret the regulation of insulin-secretion and hepatic reduction. During the acute phase of illness the glucose-tolerance-test proofed 15 x clearly and 13 x limiting pathological. Except one patient all cases showed an improvement during recovery and 21 x a normalisation of glucose-tolerance. The serum-insulin-analysis gave 28 x lower figures during the acute phase compared to the healing-phase, whereas the determination of the C-peptide showed higher figures matching the enhanced glucose concentrations, which proves a normal regulation of insulin-secretion during the acute phase of disease in hepatitis. Because of the enhanced C-peptide/insulin-index our results support that in the early state of hepatitis the lower insulin figures are caused through a higher insulin clearance of the acute inflamed liver.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

EMG reactivity and oral habits among facial pain patients in a scheduled-waiting competitive task.

For individuals with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) it has been theorized that stressful events trigger oral habits (e.g., teeth grinding), thereby increasing masticatory muscle tension and subsequent pain. Recent research involving adjunctive behaviors found an increase in masseter surface EMG (sEMG) and oral habits when students with TMD symptomatology were placed on a fixed-time reinforcement schedule. The current study used a treatment-seeking community sample with TMD symptomatology in a competitive task designed to be a more naturalistic Fixed Time task. The experiment consisted of Adaptation, Free-Play, Scheduled-Play, and Recovery phases. During the Scheduled-Play phase participants played, and waited to play, an electronic poker game. Results indicated that masseter muscle tension in the Scheduled-Play phase was significantly higher (p < .001) than in any other phase. Moreover, during the Scheduled-Play phase masseter sEMG was higher (p < .001) when participants waited to play. Self-reported oral habits and overall affect were significantly higher (p's < .05) in the Free-Play and Scheduled-Play phases relative to Adaptation and Recovery. The observation that masseter sEMG was elevated during the Scheduled-Play phase relative to all other phases, and within the Scheduled-Play phase sEMG was highest while waiting, suggests that adjunctive oral habits may lead to TMD symptomatology.

Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of aspirin on the hypotonic shock response.

The effect of aspirin on the hypotonic shock response was studied at 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours after ingestion of 1.6 g of acetylsalicylic acid. There was a marked acceleration of the recovery phase of the response at two hours. This steadily decreased and by 48 hours had returned to near normal values. In most cases there was also a change in the initial phase of the shock response. We have interpreted these results to indicate a change in membrane permeability (first phase effect) as well as an activation of the energy-dependent recovery (second phase). The latter process possibly is the result of an increase in the levels of available ATP. As previously reported, the response to aggregating agents was impaired in the presence of ASA. Normal and aspirinated platelets were mixed in an attempt to overcome the ASA effect. Using two hour postingestion samples we noted considerable impairment of both the hypotonic shock response and aggregation even in the presence of very high concentrations of normal platelets.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1992

The kinetics of homosynaptic short-term depression in cell RPa3 of Helix pomatia depends upon the level of activity prior to depression.

1. Following synaptic rest periods of 2 min, recovery from EPSP depression was dominated by a monoexponential phase completed within 2 min. After rest periods of 6 min, a two-phased recovery occurred: a transient phase followed by a slow phase lasting 10 min. 2. The shift of recovery kinetics was associated with a change of the time course of depression: following rest periods of 2, 6 and 12 min, EPSP trains of 1/10 Hz gave three different depressions. 3. The change of recovery inverted a logarithmic proportionality between frequency of EPSPs and degree of depression to an inverse relation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dual color fluorescence analysis of peripheral T cell subsets in hepatitis B virus-induced liver disease.

By using dual color fluorescence analysis, peripheral T cells can be divided into four different subsets, Leu-2a+15+, Leu-2a+15-, Leu-3a+8+ and Leu-3a+8- cells. The ratio of these T cell subsets in hepatitis B virus-induced hepatitis patients was studied and compared with that of controls. No significant difference was found in acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis, but an elevation of Leu-2a+15- (29.5 +/- 2.8% vs. 18.8 +/- 4.1%, p less than 0.05) as well as a reduction of Leu-2a+15+ cells (3.2 +/- 0.7% vs. 10.4 +/- 3.2%, p less than 0.05) were found in fulminant hepatitis patients. In addition, serial studies of two fulminant hepatitis patients revealed that the imbalance of these two Leu-2a cells was only found in the acute phase, but not in the recovery phase. These results indicate that the imbalance of these two Leu-2a cells is associated with the clinical status of patients with fulminant hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Effects of acoustic overstimulation on 2f1-f2 distortion product in the cochlear microphonics.

The cochlear microphonics (CM) in response to two-tone stimuli as well as the threshold of compound action potential (CAP) were measured before and after exposure to 4 kHz pure tone at 100 dB SPL for 10 min. Although the loss of CM output at the primary frequencies was limited to around 2 dB, the 2f1-f2 distortion products in the CM (CM-DPs) were markedly reduced immediately after the exposure, especially at low primary levels (i.e. less than 65 dB). The low level CM-DPs recovered gradually near the initial level within 7 days from the exposure. The elevation of CAP threshold closely paralleled with the reduction of CM-DPs in not only the acute phase but also in the recovery phase from the exposure. These results show that the active transduction process in the cochlea was affected by acoustic overstimulation. This impairment of the active transduction was postulated to play an important role in developing the noise induced temporary threshold shift.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2006

Cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia in migraine patients measured with near-infrared spectroscopy.

Migraine pain is considered to manifest itself as a result of an impaired cerebrovascular reactivity. Hence, proper quantification and diagnosis of this problem without causing more disturbance has always been a challenge in investigating migraine pathogenesis. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy system (fNIRS) is being proposed as an inexpensive, rapid, safe and accurate technique to monitor cerebrovascular dynamics. We have developed NIROXCOPE 201, a novel multi source and detector device of fNIRS, and attempted to investigate the cerebrovascular reactivity of migraine patients to a breath hold task which produces a metabolic perturbation. Six normals and six migraine patients performed four consecutive breath holding task. A typical brain hemodynamic response (BHR) is observed both for controls and migraineurs with an initial phase, main response and a recovery phase. Hence, fitting to a sum of three sequentially arranged gaussian curves proved that amplitudes of [Hb] and [HbO2] signals acquired by fNIRS are approximately two to five times higher in controls than migraine patients (P<0.01) for all phases. Moreover, amplitude change between successive breath holds tends to converge to a steady value for controls whereas an uncontrolled percent change is observed for migraineurs. Our results confirm an impaired cerebrovascular reactivity in the frontal cortex of migraine patients interictally.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The Royal North Shore Hospital ICU nurse initiated telephone follow up service.

The intensive care follow up telephone service has been in progress since July 2001. The aims of the service are to offer former patients an opportunity to explore the intensive care experience and provide support during the recovery phase. Patient experiences vary during recovery but include physical fatigue, sleep disturbances and financial difficulties. Patients who have been telephoned say they are grateful for the opportunity to talk about their experience, say thank you and receive general health related information about diet and exercise. The nurses who have participated in the service have enjoyed greater work satisfaction related to exposure to the patients who are recovering. It offers an opportunity to complete the episode of care. In addition we have been able to feed back patients' suggestions into existing quality frameworks. The information received from former patients has assisted in the development of a home based physical rehabilitation programme, which will be evaluated using a randomised control trial. The follow up service positively contributes to patient outcomes and the positive profile of critical care nursing in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effect of monensin on cell aggregation of normal and dystrophic human skin fibroblasts.

Measurements of aggregation kinetics using couette viscometry show that freshly trypsinized skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy have values of intercellular adhesiveness approx. 40% those of normal cells. If cells are allowed to recover from the effects of trypsinization (by incubation for 2 h at 37 degrees C in serum-containing medium) the intercellular adhesiveness of both cell types increases, and normal and Duchenne cells aggregate to the same extent. Exposure to the ionophore monensin during the recovery phase leads to suppression of recovery in both cell types, and this effect of the drug is greater in Duchenne fibroblasts. These results are discussed in relation to other data on the reported differential effects of trypsin and monensin on normal and Duchenne fibroblasts.

Cell Aggregation↗