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Results for “Reality Therapy”

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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Compulsory psychiatric drug therapy in Switzerland--legislation and reality exemplified by a few clinical cases].

We discuss the existing or desired legal basis for forced medical treatment in psychiatry, in the light of supranational, international and Swiss law. Four situations in which forced medical treatment may occur are described and illustrated with case reports. A distinction is drawn between treatment against a destructive will, treatment against lack of will, treatment against an antisocial will, and long-term treatment against a chronic destructive will. Finally, proposals for improved Swiss legislation on forced psychopharmacological treatment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The manic defence in analysis: the creation of a false narrative.

The author presents clinical material from the analysis of a patient who made sense of his chaotic life by creating seamless narratives in the analytic situation. Initially, his experience of meaning was derived from the form of his narrative. He repeatedly constructed the 'perfect' narrative, which he related to as a real object and as an object of reparation. There was a significant change in his narrative style and his experience of meaningfulness when he was able to struggle with the contradictions, ambiguities and inconsistencies in his life. The author argues that the patient's earlier narrative style, which he calls the manic narrative, is an aspect of the manic defence, whereas his later approach, when he relinquished the manic narrative in favour of a genuine experience of meaningfulness, was a move towards accepting depressive anxiety and acknowledging the state of his objects.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Transitions in psychic structures in the light of deterministic chaos theory.

The author begins by discussing the recent development of deterministic chaos theory to account for physical phenomena of seeming disorder formerly regarded as random, especially in the field of complex, dynamical systems. With reference to both the scientific and the psychoanalytic literature, he seeks in this paper to draw parallels between this new information and certain aspects of psychic functioning as observed in psychoanalysis. Expanding previous authors' analogies and presenting some original ones of his own, he bases his argument on the role of strange attractors in the 'chaotic' functioning of complex systems and on the concepts of state-to-state transitions, the tuning variable and period-doubling cascades. Unconscious fantasies are shown to be a form of strange attractor and to be fractal in nature, as illustrated by a clinical example. The author goes on to examine the transitions of psychic structures between states and discusses how the transference/countertransference relationship and the early infantile relationship may be compared to a tuning variable in determining such transitions. In terms of methodology, he uses the concepts of the analogy-based model and of analysis in a widened sense to forge links between the physicomathematical field of deterministic chaos theory and the psychic field proper to psychoanalysis.

Fantasy↗
PubMed2003

Targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: myth or reality.

In oncology, the term 'targeted therapy' is used to describe drugs that target only the cancer cells and spare normal cells thereby reducing host toxicity while simultaneously increasing the eradication of cancer. Trastuzumab and imatinib are well known examples of successful targeted therapy. Newer agents like gefitinib and cetuximab offer hope that targeted therapy also may yield therapeutic benefit for such refractory malignancies as lung and colon cancers. One of many remaining challenges is to identify markers, molecular or clinical, that predict for responsiveness to a specific targeted therapy (e.g. HER2/neu positivity and trastuzumab responsiveness). However, using emerging technologies such as gene or protein profiling, it may be possible to predict a tumor's responsiveness to a particular targeted therapy based on its molecular signature. If true, clinicians might then possess the ability to predict a tumor's clinical behavior and shape its density through specific, targeted interventions.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2005

Cognitive behavioral therapy for public-speaking anxiety using virtual reality for exposure.

This study used an open clinical trial to test a cognitive-behavioral treatment for public-speaking anxiety that utilized virtual reality as a tool for exposure therapy. Treatment was completed by participants (n = 10) meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV criteria for social phobia, or panic disorder with agoraphobia in which public speaking was the predominantly feared stimulus. Treatment was conducted by a licensed psychologist in an outpatient clinic. Treatment consisted of eight individual therapy sessions, including four sessions of anxiety management training and four sessions of exposure therapy using a virtual audience, according to a standardized treatment manual. Participants completed standardized self-report questionnaires assessing public-speaking anxiety at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Participants were asked to give a speech to an actual audience at pre- and post-treatment. Results showed decreases on all self-report measures of public-speaking anxiety from pre- to post-treatment, which were maintained at follow-up (n = 8; all P = 05). Participants were no more likely to complete a speech post-treatment than at pre-treatment. This study provides preliminary evidence that a cognitive-behavioral treatment using virtual reality for exposure to public speaking may reduce public-speaking anxiety and suggests that further research with a controlled design is needed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2002

Opinion: neural stem cell therapy for neurological diseases: dreams and reality.

There is a pressing need for treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Hopes have been raised by the prospect of neural stem cell therapy; however, despite intense research activities and media attention, stem cell therapy for neurological disorders is still a distant goal. Effective strategies must be developed to isolate, enrich and propagate homogeneous populations of neural stem cells, and to identify the molecules and mechanisms that are required for their proper integration into the injured brain. This article examines these requirements, discusses the results obtained so far, and considers the steps that need to be taken to provide instruction to donor cells and to elucidate the neurogenic potential of the adult central nervous system environment.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Prevention of prostate cancer by androgens: experimental paradox or clinical reality.

Androgen replacement therapy in the aging male with partial androgen deficiency improved quality of life. However, such treatment is prohibited for men with a preexisting prostate cancer. The possibility of an increased risk of prostate cancer for healthy men has also been suggested on theoretical basis but recent experimental data showed that androgens may act in prevention of prostate cancer. In this review, we try to evaluate benefits and risks associated to a hormonal replacement therapy in regard to recent data. Several studies analyzing the role of testosterone for prostatic epithelial cells evidenced that testosterone acts in prostatic cell differentiation but does not have a direct role for induction of cell proliferation. Moreover, clinical studies have shown that low free testosterone levels in serum is associated with aggressive prostate cancer, like that has been observed in men with prostate cancer under prostate cancer chemoprevention by finasteride. These data suggest that an androgen pathway disruption in prostate is responsible of cell deregulations that may be associated not only with apoptosis of differentiated prostatic cells but also with potential cell transformation. The effects of androgens withdrawal for prostate cancer therapy induced in a short time the tumor arrest growth. However with time, cells adapt to low levels of androgens leading to the evolution of an androgen-independent tumor, which is more aggressive and most often fatal. The molecular mechanisms of this evolution begin to merge. A hypothesis is that such mechanisms could be initiated in elderly men with an androgen deficiency. The question is raised of whether hormonal replacement therapy could prevent prostate cancer. An encouraging recent study performed on rats demonstrated a protective effect of DHEA for prostate cancer. However, the putative role of the normalization of DHEA or other androgen levels in prevention of prostate cancer should be evaluated in clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

HT and CVD prevention. from myth to reality.

Menopausal hormone therapy has no evidence-based role for the primary or secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Coronary prevention should involve lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions documented as beneficial in randomized clinical trials and promulgated in national guidelines.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Induction or concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: myth or reality.

If radiation therapy was often considered to be a classical treatment for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, the overall results were quite dismal. Failures were related both to local recurrences and distant metastases. During the last year, several studies have clearly suggested that combining radiation with chemotherapy given as an induction program or concurrently has led to some long term survival benefits. This paper reviews briefly the data available. Additional studies are required to better identify the optimal schedule.

Antineoplastic Agents↗