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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Tumor metastasis as affected by reduced food rations].

The study was concerned with the relationship between the level of Lewis carcinoma spread in mice and a 2.5-fold cut in the daily ration of standard granulated feeds. After removal of primary tumor, or both before and after the removal, metastases did not occur in 80% of malnourished animals; metastases developed in the remaining 20%, but their size and number decreased 2-4-fold. The antimetastatic effect persisted after the rations returned to normal. The said effect was not observed when primary tumor remained intact or the rations were cut when metastases were already apparent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect on the body of rats of rations varying in protein content in acrylomitrile poisoning].

The effect of protein of isocaloric rations (10, 18 and 30 per cent of the total calorific value) differing in its proportion on the course of a subacute poisoning provoked by the acrylic acid nitrile (AAN) in a concentration of 9.7 +/- 2.8 mg/m3 was studied. A comparative study of the results obtained showed that a protein-rich ration produced a more pronounced protective effect. Against its background the AAN metabolites were eliminated from the organism more intensively. This effect could have been occasioned by an excessive supply to the organism together with the additional protein of free sulphur and of SH-group necessary for rendering the cyanides harmless. Considering the results obtained and with the view of a more effective prevention of the AAN poisoning it is advisable to recommend providing workers with a protein-rich medico-prophylactic ration containing an assortment of food products rich in sulphur-containing elements.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1979

Fate of labeled choline administered intraruminally to pregnant ewes given manganese-deficient or -supplemented rations.

Tissue samples were taken from pregnant ewes and their 3-month fetuses 96 hours after intraruminal dosing of the ewes with tritiated choline. Starting 5 months before mating, one group of ewes had been given a manganese (Mn)-deficient ration and a second group had been given a Mn-supplemented (normal) ration. The results indicate that Mn depletion decreased the overall uptake of choline; the radioactivity of all tissues from the Mn-depleted group was lower than the radioactivity of the corresponding tissues from the group given a Mn-supplemented (normal) ration. The radioactivity of fetal tissues was also lower in the Mn-deficient group than it was in the Mn-supplemented group. Lower radioactivity concentrations were also observed in the whole plasma (sampled at various times after radioisotope dosing) and its lipid extract of Mn-depleted ewes than in the plasma and its lipid extract of Mn-supplemented ewes. There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition of hepatic phosphatidyl choline between the two groups. However, the proportions of linoleic, stearic, and arachidonic acids were lower in fetal hepatic phosphatidyl choline than in maternal hepatic phosphatidyl choline.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

[Supplementation of swine feed rations with zeolite during cage rearing].

The effect of the addition of zeolite to pig feed ration was studied in the cage rearing system under production conditions. Zeolite was mixed in the COS I and COS II feed mixtures directly in the feed plant, the mixing ratio being 100 kg feed mixture + 5 kg zeolite. The feed mixture was administered in granular form ad libitum. The test group had 648 weanlings and the control group 674 weanlings; the piglets, kept in two-story cages in four sections, were arranged so that the test group could be a mirror-like reflection of the control group. The trial lasted 45 days. The piglets given the fortified feed ration had daily weight gains higher by 0.017 kg and feed consumption lower by 0.234 kg per 1 kg of gain, as compared with the control animals. The costs of the feed ration required for producing a kilogram of gain were 8.55 Cz. crowns in the zeolite group and 9.422 crowns in the control group.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1983

[Scientific bases of rational nutrition for children and adolescents].

Among diversified conditions of the environment, nutrition factor is of no less importance for harmonic physical and intellectual development of the growing organism. The paper summarizes the main principles of organizing rational nutrition for the growing organism. Demonstrates the significance of a comprehensive study of actual nutrition, physical development and the health status of children and adolescents in specifying the consumption rates of foods and energy with a purpose of organizing rational nutrition. Recommends new consumption rates of foods and energy for children and adolescents with due regard for results of investigations carried out in the RSFSR (Moscow) and other republics of this country, approved by the Board of the USSR Ministry of Health in 1982. Notes that the use of industrial products having an increased biological value plays an essential part in rationalization of children and adolescents' nutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

On the rationing of health services and resource availability.

Government controls on availability of physicians and hospital resources can counteract some undesired aggregate consequences of reimbursement insurance. Given aggregate controls, many important questions arise concerning nonprice rationing of services by physicians. A theoretical model of rationing should be consistent with existing items of evidence on delays, disequilibrium, and "availability effects." The model discussed in this paper has a foundation in the mutual advantages of a long-term association between an individual client and physician; these advantages motivate an implicit contract for rationing with a variety of testable implications.

Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1981

Cement kiln dusts as a selenium source in sheep rations.

Cement dust has been found to be a source of selenium when included in the rations of sheep. In the work reported, rations including 3% by weight of cement dusts were fed to sheep for 165 days. The dust were taken from 3 collectors located at progressively greater distances from the coal-fired end of the kiln. Selenium levels and blood and tissues of the animals fed the cement dusts increased significantly above those of the control sheep. No tissue abnormalities were observed in animals receiving any of the treatment rations. The source of selenium is believed to derive from its content of fly ash as a result of the coal combustion during cement manufacture.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

Soft coal fly ash as a source of selenium in unpelleted sheep rations.

Soft coal fly ash has been found to be a source of selenium when included in the rations of cows and hogs. In the work reported, a ration including 10% by weight of soft coal fly ash was fed to sheep for 135 days. Selenium levels in blood and tissues of the animals fed the fly ash ration increased significantly above the control sheep. No adverse clinical signs or lesions were observed in the animals on either treatment.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative analysis of certain nutritional parameters of fat in food rations of various population groups. II. Composition of fatty acids].

Daily food rations showed a high content of saturated fatty acids, especially in males and females employed in white collar work. The content of monounsaturated acids was lower, and the per cent of energy from these acids complied with the present nutritional suggestions. The per cent of energy from polyunsaturated acids was below these suggestions. The studied food rations contained high amounts of fatty acids with properties favouring hyper-cholesterolaemia and platelet aggregation, while those causing hypocholesterolemia (unsaturated acids) were present in insufficient amounts. This was noted particularly in the food rations of working people and retired workers. The variance analysis showed statistical. Significance of the differences between the mean values of the studied parameters of fats of various population groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative analysis of selected nutritional parameters of fat in daily food rations of various population groups. I. General characteristics of fats].

The reported study demonstrated differences of the energy value and fat content between daily food rations. The recommended energy values of daily rations were generally complied with in all groups, but the groups of mental workers and retired workers these values were exceed. The per cent of energy from fat in food rations in all groups was evidently too high exceeding the recommended value by 30%, on average.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rational drug design: the proteinase inhibitors.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteinase is a promising target for the rational development of drugs against the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), since this enzyme is necessary for viral maturation, and its inhibition could lead to cessation of viral replication. Rational drug design combines chemical synthesis of compounds with structure determination methods, including protein crystallography. When the crystal structure of the HIV proteinase was determined, many research laboratories began designing drugs that would be effective inhibitors of the enzyme, and many such inhibitors were produced. Once that work was initiated, refined, and completed in the laboratory, other issues, such as specificity and bioavailability, became important. The clinical utility of such compounds is the final and most important consideration. Analysis of many agents for which structural formulas have been determined, and comparison of such formulas, provide valuable lessons for the continuing work on this enzyme and for future programs of rational drug design.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Body niacin status in experimental diabetes mellitus; effect of protein level in the ration].

Administration of a high-protein diet providing 7-7.8 g of tryptophan per kg of the ration to rats with streptozotocin and alloxan diabetes mellitus resulted in development of a trend to increased liver content of nicotinamide coenzymes and in increased 1-methylnicotinamide excretion with the urine in both groups of animals, this reflecting increased niacin synthesis from tryptophan. Sugar-reducing effect of high-dose nicotinamide was not potentiated by increase of protein share in the ration. These results permitted the authors to suggest that intensification of endogenous niacin synthesis from tryptophan contained in the ration may be one of the mechanisms of a protective effect of high-protein diets in diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Rational drug use--evaluation of a training programme for interns.

A workshop covering various aspects of rational drug use was conducted for interns of Christian Medical College, Ludhiana. Evaluation of the workshop revealed that it was able to bring about an attitudinal change regarding rational drug use. The methodology and evaluation procedures have been described. It is suggested that similar attempts should be made at all medical colleges so that every graduate enters medical practice with a positive attitude towards rational drug use.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1996

Stabilization of proteins by rational design of alpha-helix stability using helix/coil transition theory.

BACKGROUND: Increasing protein stability is a major goal of protein engineering because of its potential industrial and pharmacological applications. Several different rule-of-thumb strategies have been employed for such a purpose, but a general rational method is still lacking. Recently, there has been significant progress in our understanding of the interactions responsible for helix stability in monomeric peptides and this information has been included in algorithms based on the helix/coil transition theory. We set out to investigate whether it is possible to use these algorithms to rationally increase protein stability. RESULTS: Using a helix/coil transition algorithm, AGADIRms, we have designed mutations affecting solvent-exposed residues which, as predicted, significantly increase the helical stability in aqueous solution of peptides corresponding to the two alpha-helices of the activation domain of procarboxipeptidase A. Introduction of the same mutations in the protein results in proteins more resistant to urea or temperature denaturation, and there is a qualitative agreement between the expected and observed increases in stability. CONCLUSIONS: In this work we demonstrate that by using a helix/coil algorithm to design helix-stabilizing mutations on the solvent-exposed face of helices, it is possible to rationally increase the stability of proteins.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Stabilization of proteins by rational design of alpha-helix stability using helix/coil transition theory.

Backgound. Increasing protein stability is a major goal of protein engineering because of its potential industrial and pharmacological applications. Several different rule-of-thumb strategies have been employed for such a purpose, but a general rational method is still lacking. Recently, there has been significant progress in our understanding of the interactions responsible for helix stability in monomeric peptides and this information has been included in algorithms based on the helix/coil transition theory. We set out to investigate whether it is possible to use these algorithms to rationally increase protein stability. Results. Using a helix/coil transition algorithm, AGADIRms, we have designed mutations affecting solvent-exposed residues which, as predicted, significantly increase the helical stability in aqueous solution of peptides corresponding to the two alpha-helices of the activation domain of procarboxipeptidase A. Introduction of the same mutations in the protein results in proteins more resistant to urea or temperature denaturation, and there is a qualitative agreement between the expected and observed increases in stability. Conclusion. In this work we demonstrate that by using a helix/coil algorithm to design helix-stabilizing mutations on the solvent-exposed face of helices, it is possible to rationally increase the stability of proteins.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of energy level of rations and time of blood sampling on the relative activity lf LDH isoenzymes in the serum of lambs].

The effect of the energy level of the feed ration and the time of blood sampling on the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)-Isoenzyme pattern in the blood serum of "Thessaloniki" crossbred type lambs was examined. For this purpose 24 lambs, 45 days old, were randomly allocated in three groups (8 animals each group). The lambs were (after weaning) fed by rations differing in energy content. (Gruppe A: 12.0 MJ, M.E./kg, Gruppe B: 10.8 MJ, M.E./kg, Gruppe C: 9.9 MJ, M.E./kg). For the estimation of the main effects and interactions a least square analysis was applied. The effect of the energy level upon the relative distribution of LDH-Isoenzymes in the serum of lambs was significant only for the enzymes LDH1 and LDH5, between the groups A and C. As to the effect of time of blood sampling there were significant differences in all isoenzymes. The interaction "ration X" "time of blood sampling" was only significant for LDH1-isoenzymes.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

A psychoanalytic model for human freedom and rationality.

The nature and scope of freedom and rationality in man are explored in light of the problems posed by a deterministic framework for understanding and explaining human though, feeling, and behavior. It is argued that the sort of explanation afforded by a psychodynamic theory is fully compatible with attributing freedom and rationality to persons. In particular, psychoanalytic theory is able to account for the existence of causal laws governing all aspects of human behavior, while providing a schema by which we can distinguish rational from irrational behavior, and free acts from those that are unfree.

Behavior↗
PubMed1997

How rational is current anti-epileptic drug treatment?

The epilepsy community has often failed to recognise that, at present, anti-epileptic drug therapies are empirical rather than rational. Our current practice may be termed "rational prescribing" rather than "rational therapy". Significant recent improvements in the quality of the available empirical evidence, though welcome, cannot be considered as a substitute for a more scientific approach to epilepsy. The commitment to a molecular biological approach that is at the forefront of cancer and HIV research needs to be adopted by physicians treating people with epilepsy.

Anticonvulsants↗