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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Computer-assisted static and light-evoked dynamic pupillometry in psychosomatic patients].

Microprocessor-assisted pupillometry was used in this psychophysiological study to investigate the pupillary diameter (static pupillometry) and visual-evoked pupillary reactions (dynamic pupillometry) in psychosomatic patients (duodenal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, cardiac phobia, anorexia nervosa, bronchial asthma) as compared with age-and sex-matched normal controls. Statistical analyses including multivariate methods demonstrated interesting differences between psychosomatic patients and normal controls, as well as between various subtypes of psychosomatic disorders and elucidated also the influence of a 6 weeks' course of psychotherapy. The data give valuable clues to symptom/syndrome-specific psychophysiological reaction types, which may be of considerable relevance for the characterization of psychosomatic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Pupillary reactions in neurotic disorders].

For the differentiation of neurotic disorders, the indices of pupilary reactions and hippus were studied. The study was performed with the aid of a pupillograph. A comparison of the pupillographic data in patients with borderline neurotic disorders of the 3 main groups (asthenic, obsessive-phobic and hysterical), demonstrated statistically significant differences in the control group and within the group with different forms of neurotic disorders. The quantitive and informative characteristics of the pupilary reactions and some regular tendencies in the characteristic of the hippus may help in the solution of one of the main problems of borderline psychiatry, an improved diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Small pupil and phacoemulsification].

Miotics pupils are compatible with phacoemulsification. Several techniques have been proposed to enlarge the pupil. We present a multiple sphincterotomies technique which enlarges the pupil to a size compatible with phacoemulsification, and retains postoperatively the circular shape of the pupil as well as its functional role.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

MR of oculomotor nerve palsy.

PURPOSE: To assess the utility of MR in third cranial nerve palsy. METHODS: We reviewed precontrast and postcontrast MR of 50 patients with third cranial nerve palsy. RESULTS: MR demonstrated an appropriate lesion in 32 cases. Of these patients, 6 had brain stem lesions and 15 had involvement of the nerve in the cavernous sinus; lesions of the cisternal segment of the nerve were present in 11 patients, with enhancement of this segment observed in 9 patients. An inflammatory or infiltrative source of the palsy was indicated in 19 of these 32 cases. Of 7 patients with pupillary involvement suggestive clinically of a compressive lesion, 4 demonstrated thickening and enhancement consistent with an infiltrative lesion of the nerve. Eighteen patients with pupil-sparing third cranial nerve palsies and a history of diabetes or vascular disease had normal MR findings, with no enhancement of the third cranial nerve observed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who do not have a history of diabetes or hypertension and in whom a complete or incomplete third cranial nerve palsy develops with or without pupil sparing should undergo MR imaging initially (unless there are clear symptoms or signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage) to exclude the presence of an infiltrative lesion or intraparenchymal process. Patients who have a history of vascular disease and a clinical presentation that is suggestive of an ischemic event may be observed initially, but should undergo imaging if improvement does not occur within 3 months.

Brain↗
PubMed1995

Age-related changes in ocular distances in normal eyes of Samoyeds.

Ocular biometry, using A-scan ultrasonography and ultrasonographic pachymetry, was performed in 52 Samoyeds, 2 months to 13 years old, without intraocular or systemic diseases. Furthermore, the relative depth of the opening of the ciliary cleft was estimated from goniophotographs. The values were analyzed, and statistical models of changes in ocular distances with increasing age were identified. It was found that the changes in corneal thickness, axial anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, relative lens position, length of the vitreous body, and axial length could best be described by 1 of the 2 nonlinear models f(x) = alpha + beta/x + gamma x + epsilon and f(x) = alpha + beta/x + gamma log x + epsilon. The course began with a period of rapid increase, after which the ocular distance either increased at a progressively slower rate toward infinity (corneal and lens thickness) or to a finite limit (relative lens position and axial length), or ceased to grow and finally started to decrease toward minus infinity (axial anterior chamber depth and length of the vitreous body). However, suitable model for determining relative depth of the opening of the ciliary cleft could not be established. Results indicated that age-related changes, mainly in lens thickness, cause a shallow anterior chamber, and it was suggested that this may be of importance for development of a relative pupillary block and, thus, primary angle-closure glaucoma, at least in preconditioned eyes of Samoyeds.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[Two cases of unexplained pupillary dysfunction after cardiac surgery in severely diabetic patients].

We experienced two cases of unexplained pupillary dysfunction in severely diabetic patients after cardiac surgery. In both patients, marked bilateral dilatation of the pupils and the absence of light reflex were recognized immediately after leaving the operating room. The pupillary dysfunction, however, was not accompanied by other neurological deficits, and the pupil sizes returned normal spontaneously by 24 hours. We speculated that impaired peripheral perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass caused transient tissue ischemia on the basis of microangiopathies of severe diabetes mellitus. Bilateral ciliary ganglia were thought to be most susceptible to the impaired perfusion and responsible for the pupillary dysfunction.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1994

[Measurement of pupillary unrest in subjects with nonspecific ophthalmic complaints].

Using a computer-assisted infrared optometer with a pupillometer, we studied pupillary unrest of 20 eyes of 20 patients suffering from nonspecific ophthalmic complaints, and of 20 eyes of 20 normal controls. The patient group had smaller mean pupil area than the control group (29 mm2 vs 38 mm2, p < 0.01), and showed prominent pupillary unrest and increased mean coefficient of variation (CV) of the pupil area (9.2% vs 3.4%, p < 0.001). Frequently, fairly long duration waves (longer than 1 sec) could be seen in the recordings of pupillary unrest in the patient group, but not in the control group. The patient group also showed significantly higher dark focus of accommodation than the control group (1.1 D vs 0.4 D, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that abnormal parasympathetic excitation may play a role in the etiology of continued nonspecific ophthalmic complaints.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1994

[Eye manifestations of basicranial aneurysms].

Based on 146 cases of basicranial aneurysm, the eye manifestations were pain in the eyes, diplopia, ptosis, and visual impairment. In cranial nerve paralysis, the oculomotor nerve was the most vulnerable, followed by the abducent nerve. The trochlear and trigeminal nerves were the least involved. In oculomotor nerve palsy, the levator muscle of the upper lid and the pupil muscles were first affected. Visual fields of typical bitemporal hemianopsia were not seen in cases of aneurysms near the optic chiasma.

Adolescent↗