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PubMed1975

Four poems.

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Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent cancer survivors. Psychosocial and familial adaptation.

Adolescent cancer survivors were compared with nondiseased control subjects on measures of adaptation, coping, body image, sexual adjustment, psychopathology, and family functioning. Cancer survivors reported no major difficulties in social competence, overall coping, and family communication. Although their school teachers reported no symptoms of psychopathology, the cancer survivors did report body image disturbances and adjustment difficulties. Further, the surviving adolescents were eager to present themselves favorably. Compared with nondiseased control families, families of survivors were characterized as somewhat inflexible. Implications for clinical practice include the careful monitoring of youth who have survived cancer as well as sensitivity to underlying concerns that the survivors and their families may avoid.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Gender identity and role in a pedigree of Arabs with intersex due to 5 alpha reductase-2 deficiency.

Between 1986 and 1995, a pedigree of six Arabs with male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5 alpha reductase-2 deficiency have been identified. All, were raised as girls since birth. At the time of diagnosis, three were post-pubertal, one pubertal and two pre-pubertal. The external genitalia of 'pseudo-vaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias' was identical in these subjects. Although these individuals were a homogeneous group in terms of their sex of upbringing, phenotypic appearance, endocrinological profile and socio-cultural background, the development of the gender identity and role was not uniform in these six cases. Their psycho-sexual make-up was closely related to the transaction of their life experiences. These cases provide further insight into the interaction between various factors involved in the development of gender identity and role in male pseudohermaphrodites in an Eastern culture.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1990

Motives and psychodynamics of self-reported, unincarcerated rapists.

Fifteen men, classified by self-report as rapists and attempted rapists, but who had never been arrested or convicted, were compared to a matched control group on standardized instruments and content-coded interviews. Differences in hostility toward women, power motivations, and hypermasculinity were similar to findings from studies of convicted rapists. However, results suggest a greater role for the father in the etiology of rape-associated dynamics than has previously been reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Psychological aspects of intersex in Saudi patients.

Four cases of male pseudo-hermaphrodism were seen post pubertal. All had been reared as females unambiguously since birth. Two cases developed male gender identity post pubertal, but failed to declare themselves to their families and society until a similar case had been publicized in the local newspaper. The third case did not reveal her problem to her family even after being informed by a doctor at the age of 15, and was discovered accidentally at the age of 22 on routine medical examination. The fourth was discovered accidentally at age 40 after having been married and divorced. The families of the four cases shared a strong desire for their children to be reassigned to the male sex including the third case, irrespective of being assured of her female gender identity by physicians. Psychiatric and social problems encountered pre- and post-operatively are discussed with particular emphasis on the role of culture and traditions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

Analysis of a five-and-a-half-year-old girl: indications for a dyadicphallic phase of development.

The presentation of the analysis of a five-and-a-half-year-old girl highlighted a personality configuration with multiple fixation points (some preoedipal) organized around an early phallic structure. The sequence of this analysis underscored characteristics of the early phallic phase of development as a transitional phase between dyadic and triadic and preoedipal and oedipal levels. The term dyadic-phallic was introduced to emphasize the special feature of this phase. A phallic drive-organization is on the ascendancy while object constancy is not yet sufficiently consolidated to permit the shift from dyadic to triadic patterns and the accompanying consolidation and differentiation of basic ego functions. Preoedipal fears of separation, loss, and fragmentation exist alongside phallic wishes and fears of moving ahead into a full oedipal configuration. Character traits embodying phallic-narcissistic styles of relating to other and self conceal these fears and hold together an otherwise fragile personality organization. It is proposed that this level of development may serve as an organizing point for many character disorders which embody earlier fixation points, including many of the narcissistic character disorders.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1994

Bedrock and beyond: an examination of the clinical utility of contemporary theories of female psychology.

Libido theory and the idea of an innate matrix of bisexuality are an inadequate basis on which to understand female psychology. Rather, it is the mutual influence of sexuality, aggression, object relations, and a superego that inherits the object-related conflicts of early childhood, intertwined as these are with gender issues, that determine the way a woman experiences herself. A woman can have a basically confident, narcissistically valued sense of femaleness and at the same time be troubled by intense feelings of inadequacy and deprivation. Instead of arbitrarily attributing these feelings to penis envy and a sense of castration, based on the idea of bisexuality as bedrock, this paper suggests that we consider primary femininity as bedrock, but that the superego, as heir to unresolved preoedipal and oedipal object-related conflicts, functions to maintain these painful emotions. Clinical material illustrates the utility of these ideas.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Preoedipal factors in "Little Hans".

In this article, the text of "Little Hans" has been reexamined in reference to the existence of negative oedipal and preoedipal factors in the development, meanings, and resolution of Hans's phobia. The cumulative effect of the frequent administration of enemas, sleeping in the parental bedroom, exposure to the bloody birth of a sibling, a generally absent father and a seductive, threatening mother would be expected to interfere significantly with the process of separation-individuation. Evidence suggesting that Hans had problems in this area is discussed. In addition to reflecting the displaced fear of Hans's oedipal rival, his horse phobia may also represent his dread of a castrating preoedipal mother and his fear of a castrating vagina. The treatment, by clarifying many of Hans's misconceptions and by allowing Hans to develop a closer, more solid relationship with his father, assisted Hans in more completely negotiating the phallic-dyadic phase of development and helped him to move more completely into the oedipal phase proper.

Anxiety, Castration↗