Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Propiolactone”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Preparation of human rabies vaccine in VERO cell culture using a microcarrier system.

1. The rabies virus (Pasteur PV strain) was propagated in VERO cells attached to microcarriers in a 3.7-1 bioreactor. Virus titers of about 10(6) LD50/ml were obtained regularly. 2. Ultrafiltration was efficient for concentrating the virus suspensions, and the sucrose gradient reduced the residual VERO cell DNA to acceptable levels (less than 50 pg/dose). The remaining cell DNA content was evaluated by dot-blot hybridization with a probe prepared with VERO cell DNA. 3. The final virus preparations were inactivated by B-propiolactone treatment, showed a potency higher than 2.5 IU/dose and protected mice experimentally infected intracerebrally with rabies virus (CVS-13.2). 4. This methodology for the production of a rabies vaccine for human use should be of interest to countries where high technology facilities are not available.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of antibody activity against various microorganisms in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations determined by ELISA and opsonic assay.

In the present study the level of antimicrobial antibodies and the phagocytosis-promoting activity in immunoglobulin preparations produced for intravenous use were assessed. The level of antibodies directed against various microorganisms in six immunoglobulin preparations was determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and was shown to be either equal to or higher than that of pooled normal human serum. All preparations were able to promote phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli K12, and Streptococcus pyogenes by human granulocytes. Substantial differences among the various preparations in antibody activity were noted. In particular, Intraglobulin, chemically modified by beta-propiolactone treatment, exhibited little activity in both the ELISA and the phagocytosis assay. In contrast, IVIG SRC, Gamimmune, Sandoglobulin (treated at low pH in presence or absence of trace amounts of pepsin), and Gammagard (treated by ion-exchange chromatography) showed good activity in both assays. Comparison of the results of the ELISA and phagocytosis assay for the various preparations indicated a good correlation except for S. aureus with a moderate (strain 42D) or high (strain Cowan I) protein A content. These data indicate that the antibody activity of immunoglobulin preparations against various microorganisms determined by ELISA can be used to predict their opsonic activity.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

High yield production of an inactivated coxsackie B3 adjuvant vaccine with protective effect against experimental myocarditis.

Dilated cardiomyopathy, perhaps chronic postviral fatigue syndrome as well as juvenile diabetes could be triggered by enteroviral infections. The frequency of sudden death after myocarditis and its relationship to enteroviral infections is disputed. Neonatal enteroviral disease is rare, but can be severe. It is also possible that enteroviruses pose a threat to immunocompromised patients, like bone marrow transplant recipients. Consequently, the emergence of chronic enteroviral diseases as a concept, prompted our attempts to produce an enteroviral vaccine. 1. Live attenuated enterovirus strains were previously in some cases shown to be suitable as vaccine candidates. We obtained neutralizing antibody titres ranging from 40-2560 against Coxsackie B3 virus (RD strain). Animals were protected to 90% against challenge infection. 2. Inactivated whole vaccine. We used beta-propiolactone to inactive Coxsackie B3 virus. 74% of the animals survived if the vaccine was prepared with Quil A matrix as adjuvant. The neutralisation antibody titres varied from < 5 to 320. By comparison aluminium hydroxide (p = 0.06) and Freund's adjuvant were inferior (p < 0.01). 3. Subunit vaccines. We have previously used the ISCOM (immunostimulatory complex) technology to produce a Coxsackie B3 subunit vaccine. High levels of neutralizing antibodies were obtained (512)-comparable to natural infection. All animals survived challenge infection after two booster doses with 16 nanogram of the ISCOM preparation. Limiting for this technique was the availability to include sufficient amount of antigenic protein material. In addition to neutralizing antibodies a cellular response might be obtainable. In conclusion we have shown that vaccine can be made against Coxsackie B3 virus with good protective effect and significant neutralisation antibody titre.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Eighteen years of vaccination against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in France.

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) has been considered for many years to be a major cause of loss in the French trout industry. The high prevalence of VHS in certain geographic areas made a control strategy based on control policy unfeasible. This provided the impetus for immunoprophylaxis development that resulted in 3 successive types of vaccines: inactivated, live attenuated and recombinant vaccines. When delivered by intraperitoneal injection, the 2 propiolactone-inactivated VHS virus was immunogenic and/or protective for trout all of sizes, but it was not suitable for the practical immunization of alevin, the trout life stage that is the most sensitive to VHS. A carp cell-passed, attenuated variant of the VHS virus was effective after both immersion or injection delivery and met the practical requirements of juvenile vaccination. However, this vaccine was discarded because it retained some virulence that discouraged the launching of its commercialization. Then came the era of genetically engineered vaccines. The recombinant glycoprotein of VHSV produced in Escherichia coli or in Saccharomyces cerevisiae failed to protect fish whatever the route of delivery. A recombinant baculovirus vaccine was found to be immunogenic and protective against VHS, but only when delivered by injection. Due to its cost and route of delivery, the latter vaccine was not licensed. Simultaneously, the sudden occurrence of another rhabdovirosis, infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN), in France, rendered vaccination against VHS questionable. Indeed, no cross-protection between these 2 rhabdoviroses exists. If vaccination is still believed to be an effective control method for VHS, it should be based in the future upon an autoreplicative vaccine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Detection of extraneous agents in vaccines using the polymerase chain reaction of Newcastle disease virus in poultry biologicals.

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in poultry vaccine was applied to the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), using two primer pairs spanning the cleavage site of the FO fusion protein coding sequence. Amplification of a specific cDNA segment was possible from live and inactivated, oil-adjuvanted NDV vaccines without previous treatment. The RT-PCR was able to detect between 5 x 10(2) EID50 (in live vaccine preparations) and 10(5) EID(50) or 0.056 haemagglutinating units of NDV (in inactivated vaccine preparations). In addition, live vaccine preparations were inactivated with beta-propiolactone (beta-PL). Amplified cDNA was obtained after treatment with 0.1% beta-PL, whereas at a concentration of 1% or 10% no specific bands were visible in the agarose gel. These results demonstrate the applicability of the method for the control of poultry vaccines by ensuring the absence of extraneous agents.

Animal Testing Alternatives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inactivated vaccine for protection against duck virus enteritis.

Immunogenicity of inactivated tissue-culture-derived duck enteritis virus (DEV) vaccines was evaluated in white Pekin and mallard ducks. DEV from a Lake Andes outbreak was propagated in chicken embryo fibroblast cells, inactivated with beta-propiolactone, and emulsified with Freund's adjuvant (FA), multiple-oil emulsion (MOE), or Squalane-pluronic L121 (L121). White Pekin and mallard ducklings were vaccinated at 2 or 3 wk of age, respectively. Challenge at 2 wk postvaccination with a virulent DEV isolated from a Long Island outbreak indicated that inactivated Lake Andes (ILA) vaccine mixed with any of the above adjuvants conferred protection, even with a single-dose inoculation. Antibody responses to vaccination, as determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, showed that ILA virus with FA induced an early production of antibodies similar to that induced by commercially available modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. However, the mean anti-duck virus enteritis (DVE) IgG titers determined by multiple samplings during the first 35 days postvaccination showed titers from ILA virus with FA to be at least 10 times higher than those induced by MLV vaccine. The highest antibody titers were induced by ILA mixed with FA followed by ILA mixed with the MOE and L121. The results of this study indicated that inactivated vaccine is as efficacious as modified live vaccine in enhancing protection against virulent DEV in waterfowl.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Immunogenicity of BHK-rabies vaccine in human volunteers.

The production of rabies vaccine on baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells for human use is discussed. Long term experience in application of this vaccine in animals, without any noticeable complications and findings of inactivation of contaminated DNA from the cell substrate by beta-propiolactone have justified its recommendation for human use. Preliminary results of applying this simple, adjuvant vaccine in volunteers, confirmed its good tolerability and immunogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunogenicity and protective activity of glycoprotein extracted from rabies virus: results from comparison of preparations obtained by different methods of purification (author's transl)].

A rabies vaccine was prepared from virus grown on primary cultured bovine foetal kidney cells. After beta-propiolactone inactivation of the virus, the vaccine was partially purified by zinc acetate precipitation, G-75 Sephadex chromatography, and ultracentrifugation prior to a non ionic detergent solubilisation. A glycoprotein fraction with protective capacity was extracted by Triton X100 from the spikes of the inactivated rabies virus. An electrophoretically homogenous glycoprotein was found to have higher values of protective activity compared to the initial tissue culture vaccine. T-e yield from this extraction method was from 10 to 20 per cent, based upon an immunological assay.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

The effects of some protein-modifying reagents on the interaction of colicins A, E2, E3, and K with their respective Escherichia coli cell receptors.

Colicins attach themselves--through specific protein-protein interactions--onto receptors in the outer membrane of sensitive bacterial cells. An attempt was made to analyze amino-acid groups and attractive forces involved in this interaction, following treatment of either colicins A, E2, E3 and K or sensitive bacteria with various physico-chemical factors and several protein-modifying reagents. The amounts of colicin bound were checked by a quantitative biological assay. Ionic conditions and specific spatial conformation of both colicin and its receptor molecules are crucial in their interaction and, hence, in the biological effect of colicin. Formaldehyde, naphthalene-diisocyanate and osmium tetroxide strongly inhibit the binding ability of all colicins tested. The results suggest that NH2 and SH groups are involved in their binding onto receptors; also, CH3S groups seem to be engaged in the attachment of colicins E2 and E3 and phenol-OH groups in that of colicin K. The possible involvement of further groups (NH, SH etc.) should be checked using more specific reagents. The attitude of colicins E2 and E3 to their common receptor Btu B protein is nearly, but not completely the same. Receptors for all colicins tested should be oxidized to achieve optimal interactions; obviously, carbonyl groups are produced and newly formed anions increase the negative load of bacterial surface. In agreement, reduction of at least colicins A and E3 enhances their receptor binding reactivity. The binding capacity of each receptor can be modulated by a set of amino acid reagents in a specific manner.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1989

Enhanced proliferation of cells from human tissue explants following irradiation in the presence of environmental carcinogens.

A method which allows growth of normal human tissue to be studied in vitro is used to investigate possible interactive effects of radiation and environmentally important carcinogens on oesophageal and urothelial cell growth. Carcinogens chosen were selected for their known or suspected effect on the oesophageal mucosa or urothelium in vivo. The results indicate that with carcinogens alone concentrations can be identified that result in increased proliferation of cells. With radiation alone inhibition of cell proliferation occurs at all dose points examined. However, at precise combinations of radiation and carcinogen, greatly enhanced cell proliferation could be detected, suggesting a synergistic interaction between the two agents. The results may have implications for the design and interpretation of experiments aimed at elucidating early or premalignant changes in epithelial tissues and may indicate hitherto unsuspected interactions between radiation and environmentally important carcinogens.

Benzo(a)pyrene↗
PubMed1975

Inactivation of African horse-sickness virus by betapropiolactone and by pH.

The inactivation of several types of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) by pH and by betapropiolactone (BPL) was studied. At 19 degrees - 22 degrees C the virus was stable between pH 6.0 and 10.4, whether suspended in mouse brain or in serumfree buffer. Below pH 5.6 and above pH 10.9, more than 99 per cent of infectivity was inactivated within 15 minutes. The addition of 50 per cent serum did not influence pH stability. Disinfection in the presence of citric acid and caustic soda is briefly discussed. Inactivation by BPL was complete within 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, yet incomplete after 15 hours at 4 degrees C. Types 3 and 9 virus grown in suckling mouse brain and types 1, 3 and 9 produced in pig kidney cells were equally susceptible to 0.1 per cent BPL, more than 99.9 per cent being inactivated. The effectiveness of BPL was reduced at least 10-fold by the addition of 50 per cent serum. No infective virus was detected following incubation of either tissue culture virus with 0.2 per cent BPL or of mouse brain virus with 0.3 per cent BPL. Virus suspensions exposed to 0.3 per cent BPL required buffering with Tris of at least 0.05 molar strength in order to maintain the pH within an acceptable range. Inactivated antigens prepared with 0.4 per cent or lower concentrations of BPL were immunogenic in guinea pigs.

African Horse Sickness Virus↗
PubMed1981

Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the estimation of serum antibodies in an influenza virus vaccine study.

The value of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining the serum antibody responses of volunteers following immunisation with various inactivated influenza virus vaccines was assessed, and the incidence of seroconversions, as measured by both haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and ELISA response of the volunteers determined. ELISA was found to be more sensitive than the HI test in detecting serum antibodies, but was also less specific under the conditions used. With regard to efficacy, the whole virus vaccine proved to be more effective in inducing serum antibody in an unprimed population than either tween-ether split or subunit adsorbed vaccines, but the reverse situation held when the population was primed with respect to the antigen concerned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Ophiopojaponin D, a new phenylpropanoid glycoside from Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl.

A new phenolic glycoside, ophiopojaponin D (1), together with two known compounds, was isolated from the tubers of a famous traditional Chinese herb-Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl. The spectroscopic and chemical data revealed their structures to be 3-tetradecyloxy-4-hydroxy-allylbenzene-4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3, 4-dihydroxy-allylbenzene-4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and L-pyroglutamic acid (3).

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carcinogens induce genetic tandem duplications in Salmonella.

Extensive studies have shown that chemical carcinogenesis involves an initiation-promotion pattern. A gene amplification model of carcinogenesis predicts that initiation involves induction of a genetic tandem duplication. We use a system developed by Anderson and Roth to select for tandem duplication of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium by selection for resistance to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Evidence reported here shows that, consistent with prediction, 10 carcinogens are all active in inducing tandem duplications. Two toxic noncarcinogens show little or no activity under the conditions used in inducing tandem duplication but azide, a mutagenic noncarcinogen, did show some activity. 9 types of evidence now support the gene amplification initiation-promotion model of carcinogenesis.

Amitrole↗
PubMed1991

A study of the effect of chemical inactivants on the epitopes of Rift Valley fever virus glycoproteins using monoclonal antibodies.

A panel of 23 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was used to study the effect of formalin, beta propriolactone (BPL) and binary ethylenimine (BEI) on the epitopes of the Rift Valley fever virus glycoproteins. After the initial inactivation period BEI had very little adverse affect on the epitopes whereas BPL significantly altered seven and formalin partially changed the conformation or accessibility of most of the epitopes. The epitopes of all of the inactivated antigens showed a reduced activity against the specific mAbs over a six month storage period.

Animals↗