Contact urticaria provoked by balsam of Peru.
Six patients with chronic urticaria are described in whom immediate type hypersensitivity to balsam of Peru was proven by patch test.
Adult↗
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Purpuric vasculitis-like eruption in a patient sensitive to balsam of Peru.
A case is reported of secondary dissemination of allergic contact dermatitis in a patient sensitive to balsam of Peru. The primary eruption was located in the face. The secondary lesions appeared as purpuric vasculitis-like eruptions on both legs. Such an unusual manifestation of contact dermatitis may cause considerable delay in establishing the correct diagnosis.
Aged↗
Acute Histoplasmosis in Spelunkers Returning from Mato Grosso, Peru.
Background: Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease with a worldwide distribution. Travelers returning from endemic areas with a history of exposure to fungal spores have a high risk of infection. Methods: We report four cases of acute pulmonary disease in Italian spelunkers returning from Mato Grosso, Peru. Results: Symptoms and radiologic findings were consistent with acute pulmonary illness. Laboratory data supported the hypothesis of histoplasmosis. Conclusions: Histoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in travelers returning from endemic areas, who report a risk of exposure, and present with respiratory illness. In this setting, seroconversion may be considered diagnostic of pulmonary histoplasmosis.
Journal Article↗
Early maritime economy and El Nino events at quebrada tacahuay, peru
The archaeological site of Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru, dates to 12,700 to 12,500 calibrated years before the present (10,770 to 10,530 carbon-14 years before the present). It contains some of the oldest evidence of maritime-based economic activity in the New World. Recovered materials include a hearth, lithic cutting tools and flakes, and abundant processed marine fauna, primarily seabirds and fish. Sediments below and above the occupation layer were probably generated by El Nino events, indicating that El Nino was active during the Pleistocene as well as during the early and middle Holocene.
Journal Article↗
Early central andean metalworking from mina perdida, peru
Copper and gold artifacts in contexts dated to approximately 3120 to 3020 carbon-14 years before the present ( approximately 1410 to 1090 calendar years B.C.) recovered in excavations at Mina Perdida, Lurin Valley, Peru, show that artisans hammered native metals into thin foils, in some cases with intermediate anneals. They gilded copper artifacts by attaching gold foil. The artifacts show that fundamental elements of the Andean metallurgical tradition were developed before the Chavin horizon, and that on the Peruvian coast the working of native copper preceded the production of smelted copper objects.
Journal Article↗
Balsam of Peru as screening agent for essential oils sensitivity.
The standard series and 35 essential oils were tested on 450 patients with dermatitis. It was found that those simultaneously sensitive to essential oils are more frequently negative than positive to balsam of Peru. The remaining 3 balsams, however (colophony, turpentine and wood tars), are also screening agents for essential oils. All four balsams reveal sensitivity to essential oils in most of the subjects tested. In patients negative to all 4 balsams of the standard series, attempts to find an essential oil with which tests would be simultaneously frequently positive with those for other essential oils failed.
Balsams↗
Operational evaluation of treatment for tuberculosis. Results of 8- and 12-month regimens in Peru.
To measure the effectiveness of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in Peru we evaluated the fate of 2,669 patients who had tuberculosis diagnosed in 1981. Two regimens were used: (1) isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin daily for 2 months, then either isoniazid and streptomycin twice a week or isoniazid and thiacetazone daily for 6 months; and (2) isoniazid, streptomycin, and thiacetazone daily for 2 months, then either isoniazid and streptomycin twice weekly or isoniazid and thiacetazone daily for 10 months. Patients were not assigned at random to the 2 treatment regimens; thus, the results cannot be directly compared. In the 8-month group, 70% had a favorable outcome, 14% abandoned, 9% failed, 3% died, and 3% relapsed. In the 12-month group, 53% had a favorable outcome, 34% abandoned, 6% failed, 4% died, and 2% relapsed. In patients who did not abandon treatment, the results of both regimens were nearly identical. Patients in both groups who had been treated previously had significantly lower rates of cure than those not treated previously.
Adolescent↗
Understandings of reproductive tract infections in a peri-urban pueblo joven in Lima, Peru.
BACKGROUND: Control programs for Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) typically focus on increasing awareness of risks associated with different forms of sexual contact, and pay little attention to how or why people may link RTIs to other features of their physical or social environments. This paper describes how women in a peri-urban pueblo joven located in the coastal desert surrounding Lima, Peru conceptualize the links between RTIs, sexual behaviour, personal hygiene, and the adverse environment in which they live. METHODS: We combined qualitative interviews and a participatory voting exercise to examine social and physical environmental influences on RTIs and gynaecologic symptom interpretation. RESULTS: Knowledge of RTIs in general was limited, although knowledge of AIDS was higher. Perceived causes of RTIs fell into three categories: sexual contact with infected persons, personal hygiene and exposure to the contaminated physical environment, with AIDS clearly related to sexual contact. The adverse environment is thought to be a major contributor to vaginal discharge, "inflamed ovaries" and urinary tract infection. The more remote parts of this periurban squatter settlement, characterized by blowing sand and dust and limited access to clean water, are thought to exhibit higher rates of RTIs as a direct result of the adverse environment found there. Stigma associated with RTIs often keeps women from seeking care or obtaining information about gynaecologic symptoms, and favours explanations that avoid mention of sexual practices. CONCLUSION: The discrepancy between demonstrated disease risk factors and personal explanations influenced by local environmental conditions and RTI-related stigma poses a challenge for prevention programs. Effective interventions need to take local understandings of RTIs into account as they engage in dialogue with communities about prevention and treatment of RTIs.
Journal Article↗
On the front line of primary health care: the profile of community health workers in rural Quechua communities in Peru.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of community health workers--health promoters, traditional birth attendants and traditional healers--in rural Quechua communities from Ayacucho, Peru. METHODS: Basic quantitative and qualitative information was gathered as part of a community health project implemented between 1997 and 2002 in 40 Andean communities with information from questionnaires, personal interviews and group discussions. RESULTS: The majority of current community health workers are men with limited education who are primarily Quechua speakers undertaking their work on a voluntary basis. Health promoters are mostly young, male, high school graduates. There exists a high drop-out rate among these workers. In contrast, traditional healers and traditional birth attendants possess an almost diametrically opposite profile in terms of age, education and drop-out rates, though males still predominate. At the community level the health promoters are the most visible community health workers. CONCLUSION: It is very important to consider and to be aware of the profile of community health workers in order to provide appropriate alternatives when working with these groups as well as with the indigenous population, particularly in terms of culture, language and gender issues.
Journal Article↗
Albendazole therapy for neurocysticercosis: a prospective double-blind trial comparing 7 versus 14 days of treatment. Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of two regimens of albendazole therapy for neurocysticercosis. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTINGS: Patients admitted to neurologic wards in Lima, Peru. PATIENTS: Adult patients with active neurocysticercosis demonstrated by CT and Western blot (immunoblot). INTERVENTION: One week (n = 25) versus 2 weeks (n = 25) of albendazole therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Decrease in the number of cysts on CT. RESULTS: Effectiveness of albendazole was 78%, with no difference between the groups when compared 3 months after therapy. Complete cure was obtained in only 38% of patients. Patients with more than 20 cysts had poorer responses to therapy. The clinical course and EEG evolution improved in most patients. Side effects were present in 38% of patients, mainly mild, transient gastrointestinal symptoms. Therapy was also associated with exacerbation of neurologic symptoms. Two patients died in the first year after therapy, both because of aggregated infections of ventricle-peritoneal shunts. One-year follow-up CT showed lesions in three of 10 patients presumed to be cured 3 months after therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Extension of albendazole therapy for more than 7 days adds no benefits for the patients.
Adult↗
Aneuploidy in the embryonic progeny of females heterozygous for the Robertsonian chromosome (9.12) in genetically wild Peru-Coppock mice (Mus musculus).
The spontaneous appearance of a Robertsonian translocation in a laboratory colony of genetically wild Peru-Coppock mice gave the opportunity to study potential meiotic nondisjunction soon after the formation of the new chromosome and also in a hitherto untested combination of genotype and environment Metaphase II scores from the progenitor male had indicated a nondisjunction rate of approximately 10%, a figure that was confirmed by the finding of an estimated 12-16% total trisomic and probable monosomic zygotes in chromosomal studies of Day 9 embryos from heterozygous females. The chromosome studies also showed the presence of a significant excess of normal embryos that were heterozygous for the Robertsonian chromosome.
Aneuploidy↗
[ANTI-HAV IgG PREVALENCE IN A POPULTION BETWEEN 1 AND 39 YEARS OLD IN LIMA,PERU]
The prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) in a country largely reflects its standards of hygiene and socio-economic conditions. In The 80's, it was reported 98% positive anti-HAV in adults and 82% in children; the rate increased with age, from 30% in thosed aged 1 year old to 100% in those of 8 years old.From October to December 1999, we performed a Sero-epidemiologic survey to evaluate the presence of Hepatitis A antibody (anti-HAV) in 859 subjects (518 were children and 341 adults), aged fron 1 to 39 years old, divided in two groups according to their socio-economic status (high and very high, low and very low).Adults older than 20 years old had 84% positives (288/341). Children (between 1 to 14 years old) had 46.3% positives (163/352): 35.6% (57/160) from socio-economic group AB and 55.2% (106/192) in level CD.We concluded that in the last 15 years was performed as significant decrease in the prevalence of Hepatitis A virus infection in children and adolescent polpulation of Lima-Peru, forming an intermediate endemicity as epidemiological pattern.
Journal Article↗
[PREVALENCE OF HBsAg AND anti-HBs CARRIERS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WHO RESIDE IN DIFFERENT ENDEMIC AREAS LOCATED IN CENTRAL-SOUTHERN DEPARTAMENTS OF PERU]
The present study was performed to estimate the prevalence of HBV in pregnant women (mean age among groups 25,0 6,9) who live in areas of different endemicity, and located in the Departments of Lima, Junin, Apurimac, and Ayacucho in Peru. All studies were carried out using radioimmunological techniques. In the Instituto Materno Perinatal in Lima, located in a low endemical area, 2086 pregnant women whose ages ranged between 14 and 44 years were evaluated (for laboratory tests) at their first prenatal examination. A prevalence of 9,38% (HbsAG+), 0,38% (Ratio), and 3,18% (HBsAg+, anti-HBsAg+) was found, corresponding to 107 HBsAg+ pregnant women whose treated newborn wouId prevent the HBV chronic infection of approximate 21 newborn each year. 63% HBsAg+ pregnant women were born in Departments other than Lima. In the Hospital de Apoyo La Merced, located in Chanchamayo, Junin, which is a medium endemic area, 217 pregnant women whose ages ranged between 14 and 48 years were evaluated. The prevalence found in this Hospital was of 1,38% (HBsAg+), 1,2% (Ratio), and 17,8% (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+). All positive HBsAg were negative for HBeAg. The projection of results corresponded to a total of 9 HbsAg+ pregnant women and 2 newborn preventive of chronic disease per year. In the Guillermo D az de la Vega Hospital in Abancay, Apurimac, located in a medium to high endemic area, 221 pregnant women whose ages ranged between 15 and 46 years were evaluated. A prevalence of 1,36% (HBsAg+), 1,0% (Ratio), and 36,16% (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+) was found. All positive HBsAg were negative for HBeAg. Projected results corresponded to a total of 37 HBsAg+ pregnant carriers and 7 newborn preventive of chronic disease per year. The Hospital General de Huanta, in Ayacucho, located in a high endemicity area, presented a prevalence of 3,2% (HBsAg+), 1,9% (Ratio), and 76,2% (HBsAg+, anti-HBs+) from 126 pregnant women evaluated with ages between 15 and 48 years old. These results gave a total projection per year of 39 HBsAg+ pregnant women and 8 newborn preventive of chronic hepatic disease. Among a total of 4 positive HBsAg cases, 3 positive pregnant women were studied for HBeAg. All 3 were negative. These results establish the prevalence of HbsAg and antiHBs in pregnant women from different endemical areas with significant prevalence in the Departments of Ayacucho (Huanta), and Apurimac (Abancay). They also contribute towards the costbenefit analysis for the prevention of HBV chronic infection.
Journal Article↗
Using a castor oil-balsam of Peru-trypsin ointment to assist in healing skin graft donor sites.
Skin graft donor sites are partial-thickness wounds that are commonly managed with gauze-type dressings. As such, they often cause more pain and difficulty in healing than the graft-recipient site. A retrospective study was conducted to ascertain the effects of using a castor oil-balsam of Peru-trypsin containing ointment on skin graft donor sites in 36 consecutive patients (16 female, 20 male). All donor sites were epithelialized after 11 days (range 6 to 11 days, mean 8 days) and no wound complications were observed. Given these healing results and product ease of use, this particular formulation has become the facilities' current treatment of choice and further study is indicated and warranted.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
[Genetic and molecular characteristics of a new natural haplotype twMP1 of the house mouse (Mus domesticus R.) from Peru].
A new natural haplotype, twWP1, found in a population of house mouse Mus domesticus from Peru, was subjected to genetic and molecular analyses. Experiments were performed to study the complementation of the new haplotype, fertility of twMP1/tx heterozygotes, and transmission ratio distortion (TRD) of the t-carrying chromosome in the progeny of heterozygous males. Molecular analysis included blot hybridization with t-specific probes Tu48, Tu66, and Tu119. The results were collated with the structure and properties of the t complex, and the new haplotype was identified as a complete lethal one.
Animals↗
[Food habits of Lutjanus peru (Pisces:Lutjanidae) in the coasts of Guerrero, Mexico].
In this paper we describe the feeding habits of the Red snapper (Lutjanus peru) in the southern coast of Guerrero state, Mexico. This data could be relevant to local fisheries management. In total 385 full stomachs (206 from females and 179 from males) were collected monthly in 1993 and 1994, from commercial catches. Stomach contents were identified to species level when possible. Food items were grouped into taxonomically coherent groups, and their numbers, weight and frequency of occurrence obtained. The index of relative importance (IRI) was calculated for the total sample, by month, sex and size class. In 1993, a total of 42 different food items were obtained, and 43 in 1994. Food items consisted of fishes, crustaceans, and mollusks. The grouping of prey species, genera, or families rendered 14 food groups, as follows: Mollusks, Amphipods, Copepods, Stomatopods, Penaeus vannamei, Brachiuran Larvae, Stomatopods Larvae, Family Albuneidae Larvae, Other crustaceans, Anchoa ischana, Anchoa lucida, Other fishes, Salps and Unidentified organic matter. Anchoa ischana dominated the trophic spectrum in both years. Although, Amphipods, Anchoa lucida and Other fishes had important indexes in 1994. There was high variability in the diet composition by month. Nevertheless, in 1993, from February to August, crustaceans as a whole dominated the diet. In 1994, crustaceans only dominated in March and August. No differences in food habits were found between immature fish, males and females. The diet of the Red snapper varies as they grow, although the same food groups are found always. At the adult phase, in length classes over 261 mm FL, there is some degree of specialization, as they consume more fish, particularly engraulids.
Animals↗
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome bullous lesions treated with trypsin-balsam of peru-castor oil ointment: a case study.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome is a serious, potentially life-threatening adverse reaction to the use of heparin anticoagulation therapy that can result in significant skin damage and organ morbidity. A case study design is used to describe the innovative use of a topical wound treatment (trypsin-balsam of Peru-castor oil ointment) on bullous lesions related to the effects of this syndrome. An elderly, morbidly obese woman was treated for 2 weeks with twice-daily applications of the product along with non-adherent oil emulsion dressings. Oozing decreased substantially within a few days and open blisters closed within 1 week. After 2 weeks of therapy, the bullous skin reaction was fully resolved with no recurrence. The results of this case study suggest that this topical product may have had a positive effect on the bullous lesions and should be considered for use in other similar significant integumentary reactions.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
Description and host relationships of Polymorphus spindlatus n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from the heron Nycticorax nycticorax in Peru.
Polymorphus spindlatus n. sp. is described from the black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax, in Lake Titicaca, Peru. It is distinguished from all 27 known species of the subgenus Polymorphus by its spindle-shaped proboscis and its trunk shape, the anterior 2/3 of which is ovoid, tapering into a tubular posterior end. It resembles Polymorphus brevis (=Arhythmorhynchus brevis), which is, however, longer and considerably more slender, and has smaller and more numerous proboscis hooks per row and smaller eggs. It is separated also from Polymorphus swartzi, Polymorphus striatus, Polymorphus contortus, and Polymorphus cincli by its proboscis armature (usually 18 longitudinal rows of 11-13 hooks each), among other characters. Histopathological sections of host tissue show well defined localized damage including hemorrhaging with subsequent phagocyte cell migration (granular tissue). The lumen of the host intestine is obstructed and villi show compression. The proboscis of P. spindlatus extends through the intestinal mucosa and submucosa, displacing the smooth muscle layers of the muscularis externa. Fibrosis also was observed.
Acanthocephala↗