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PubMed1991

Demographic trends and the pension system in Poland--a model approach.

This "article presents the results of projections of the population of Poland by age, sex and marital status till 2050 under different scenarios of fertility, mortality and nuptiality. These results are used for the analysis of future pension expenditures, the number of retirees, the labour force, and the relation between contributions and benefits. Past demographic trends and the development of social security in the post-war period in Poland are discussed as well."

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1993

Mortality in Poland in the period 1950-1990.

"In this paper, crude, specific [mortality] rates as well as nonstandardized and standardized indices of regional mortality differentials are analysed [for Poland] for the period 1950-1990, in order to show mortality differentiation, its increase by age, sex, and place of residence. Taking into account cause specific death rates, the pattern of causes of deaths was found to be similar to that existing in the western countries, although the level of standardized mortality is higher in Poland. Values of calculated indices of regional mortality differentials point to significant differences in mortality by voivodship."

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

[Botulism in Poland in 2000].

A total of 72 cases of botulism were registered in Poland in 2000, with corresponding incidence 0.19 per 100,000 population. In the rural areas 56 (incidence 0.38), and in the urban areas 16 (incidence 0.07) cases were registered. In 2000, there were 46 outbreaks of one person, 7 outbreaks of two people, and 4 of three people noted. Meat dishes were the main vehicle of the botulinum toxin (41 cases; 56.9%). Of them, prevailed homemade conserves (bottling jars) prepared from pork meat (18.1%). Home made sausages were associated with 13.9%, canned fish with 12.5%, sausages of commercial production--with 12.5%, and dishes from poultry with 11.1% cases. Two deaths from botulism were registered in Poland in 2000.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Tetanus in Poland in 2000].

In last decade gradual decrease in numbers of reported cases of tetanus has been observed. In 2000, 14 cases of tetanus (10 women and 4 men) were reported in Poland. All those cases occurred among people of age 40 or more, 35.7% of cases died. Case fatality increased with age. All cases were unvaccinated or vaccination status was unknown. The data show effectiveness of vaccination program in younger age groups, but they also show need for promotion of post exposure prophylaxis, especially among older people both in rural and in urban areas. No case of neonatal tetanus was noted in Poland since 1984.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Human brucellosis in Poland in 2000].

Most of the cases of human brucellosis registered in 2000 in Poland constitute chronically ill professionals (17 cases) and of them--15 with a long time (more than 16 years) of professional activity. Six cases of acute brucellosis were registered in 2000. Among them four were imported from Spain, and two were acquired in Poland.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Cestode infections in Poland in 2000].

In 2000, 439 intestinal cestode infections were registered in Poland. Among them 359 were caused by Taenia saginata, three by T. solium, 52 by Taenia sp., two by Hymenolepis nana, two by Diphyllobothrium latum, and one by Dipylidium caninum. Moreover, 29 cases of echinococcosis were also registered. The obtained results confirmed the low frequency of intestinal cestodoses in Poland.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[AIDS and HIV infections in Poland in 2000].

By the end of 2000 cumulative numbers of 1,024 AIDS cases and 524 AIDS deaths were diagnosed and registered in Poland. Until 1999 (134 new AIDS cases) number of annually diagnosed AIDS cases remained relatively low, but continuous increasing of new diagnoses has been observed. Regardless of possible influence of highly active antiretroviral treatment, AIDS figures--especially registered for 2000--can be incomplete, like numbers of AIDS deaths decreasing since 1995. The biggest amount of newly discovered HIV infections (809) was reported in 1990. Next years these numbers ranged from 384 in 1993 to 637 in 1998. Majority of AIDS cases and HIV-infected persons in Poland were drug users, respectively 49.3% and 63.7%. Persons affected heterosexually and without information about the way of HIV transmission account for an increasing proportion of new infections. Quality of collected epidemiological data will depend on easy access to HIV testing and quality of the data provided: data completeness, punctual notification and consistency with obligatory definitions.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2002

[Echinococcosis in North-Easter Poland--epidemiological and clinical aspects].

The incidence was assessed of antibodies against E. granulosus and chosen biochemical parameters among the inhabitants of north-eastern Poland. Among 532 studied subjects, 110 were seropositive. Group I (n = 73) was pharmacologically treated. Group II was surgically treated. Control group consisted of 15 healthy persons. 20.6% seropositive inhabitants of north-east Poland indicate that echinococcosis is not rare. Mainly it was echinococcosis of the liver, only in 2.7% it was connected with other organs. Echinococcosis was diagnosed among women aged 47-70, living in town, in majority owners of a dog. The course of echinococcos in majority cases was without clinical signs. In the diagnosis USG and serological test were helpful. Laboratory findings were not characteristic of echinococcosis. If it is possible surgical treatment is recommended for removal of parasite, verification of preoperative tests. In majority of chirurgically removed cyst, antibodies against E. granulosus were found after 3.5 years on the average, what evidenced strong immunogenicity of the parasite.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[State of the hemostasis system in Poland's syndrome].

The results of a complex investigation of the system of hemostasis in 14 women with Poland's syndrome have shown combined thrombocytic-coagulational disorders, symptoms of hypocoagulation. The functional properties were impaired against the background of the normal or moderately reduced number of thrombocytes. The data of examination, case history and results of investigation of the hemostasis system show the Poland syndrome to be a variant of mesenchymal dysplasias. Changes in a number of the indices of the thrombocytic link of hemostasis depend on the degree of the deformity. The scheme of preoperative medicamental correction has been mastered. The results of a control hemostasiological investigation have shown an improvement of hemostatic properties of the clot, normalization of the adhesive and aggregational properties of thrombocytes. Minimal hemorrhage from soft tissues was noted in operative procedures after medicamental pretreatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Clinical characteristics of hereditary ovarian cancer (HOC) in Poland.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary ovarian cancer (HOC), as any genetic disease, may display clinical characteristics that depends on population. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study was to describe clinical characteristics of HOC in Polish population basing on analysis of the following features: age at onset, clinical staging, morphological grading and prevalence of serous adenocarcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The cases were selected basing on analysis of pedigree/clinical features and molecular studies of founder mutations of BRCA1 gene in Poland. RESULTS: The patient's age at diagnosis was ca 49-52 and was similar in all groups. The exception was the subgroup without mutations in group II (breast and ovarian cancers found in families) with mean age at diagnosis ca 46 years (n = 9). In patients with HOC without mutation of BRCA1 gene, lower FIGO stage and lower morphological grade were detected more frequently. The majority of HOC showed histopathological pattern of serous adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical features of HOC in Poland and in other countries are similar. 2. Introduction of DNA tests to the clinical and pedigree diagnostic criteria allows detection of subgroups of HOC with different clinical features.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana infections in Poland in 1998-2001].

Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana infections result in illnesses with symptoms of severity ranging from mild lymphadenopathy (CSD) to systemic disease. The aim of the study was to estimate a prevalence of B. henselae and B. quintana infections in human in Poland. Serum samples collected from 265 patients in 1998-2001 were tested for the presence of antibodies specific to B. henselae and B. quintana. Levels of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana were measured with indirect microimmunofluorescence test (MRL Diagnostic, USA). Cats' sera were assessed with indirect microimmunofluorescence test (MRL Diagnostic, USA) and goat immune serum anti-cat IgG FITC conjugate (Sigma, USA). Bartonella henselae specific antibodies were detected in 146 (57.0%) patients with lymphadenopathy. From that number 11.3% have shown specific Bartonella henselae IgM serum antibodies. Bartonella quintana infection was detected with serological methods in 4 patients. It has been found that CSD is a seasonal infection, with most cases occurring in autumn. Most cases of the disease have been recognized in children 8-16 years old. Most of CSD cases (30.1%) were detected in Mazowieckie voivodeship. There were no cases of CSD in Pomorskie, Podkarpackie, Lubuskie and Opolskie voivodeship. The seroprevalence of Bartonella sp. infections in cats was estimated on 86% (31/36). The highest titer of specific Bartonella henselae antibodies detected in cats was 1024. The number of detected Bartonella henselae infections in Poland is very low. It is very probable that the number of cases is underestimated in our country. Cat scratch disease is the most frequently clinically and serologically identified bartonellosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Toxoplasmosis in Poznan region, Poland 1990-2000].

The paper summarizes the results of the interdisciplinary studies on toxoplasmosis carried out in Poznan region, Poland. In the years 1990-2000 the specific Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity rates in pregnant women decreased from 58.9% to 43.7%. Significant was an increase in seropositivity in the age group 15-20 years. Cats were seropositive in 70.6%; relatively high seropositivity rate was observed in cats kept at home only (65.7%). Slaughtered pigs were positive in 13.2% with higher rates in older pigs and those originating from small private farms. Screening newborns with noncommercial tests by using Guthrie cards revealed that the congenital toxoplasmosis occurs in 0.55/1.000 pregnancies at screening for specific IgM and 1.08/1.000 pregnancies at screening for combined IgM and IgA. The prenatal screening for toxoplasmosis has not been introduced in Poland. However, the frequency of individual serological testing for Toxoplasma increased from 2.7% to 4.6% of pregnancies. Active health education was introduced in Poznan region and the awareness of toxoplasmosis risk increased from 24.3% to 45.2%. Still 54.7% of pregnant women were inadequately informed and 44.8% of pregnant women, being aware of the risk or not, did not respect specific hygienic measures. The rational control of congenital toxoplasmosis in Poznan region should be based on a routine newborn screening for congenital toxoplasmosis, continuous education of medical personnel and intensive, modern health education especially in adolescents and pregnant women from rural areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[History of poliomyelitis infection in the world and in Poland ].

The history of poliomyelitis infection in the world with special regards to Poland has been described. The main clinical and epidemiological features of disease have been outlined, especially these that helped to start global polio eradication initiative. Study and search for safe and effective vaccine have been presented. An impact of vaccination on epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in the world and in Poland has been illustrated. The general principles and results of global poliomyelitis eradication program have been reported.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2003

[Anesthetic management of patients with Poland syndrome: report of two cases].

Poland syndrome is a rare anomaly characterized by unilateral absence of the pectoral muscles and ipsilateral syndactyly and microdactyly. Associated anomalies include defect of ipsilateral ribs and costal cartilages. We report two cases of Poland syndrome. The first case, 24 year old female patient underwent mammoplasty. Although her pectoral muscles were absent, there was no rib or costal cartilage defect. General anesthesia was maintained with assisted spontaneous respiration through laryngeal mask airway. The second case, 18 year old male patient had rib cage defect. Although the patient was asymptomatic when he was awake, paradoxical respiratory movement could have caused inadequate ventilation during general anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with intermittent positive pressure ventilation through endotracheal tube during skin flap plasty of latissimus dorsi muscle. In both cases, there was no respiratory complication during perioperative period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism--an epidemiological survey several years after institution of iodine prophylaxis in Poland.

In 1997, the obligatory model of iodine prophylaxis was introduced in Poland in order to correct the existing status of mild and/or moderate iodine deficiency. In order to monitor possible side-effects of increased iodine supply, studies on iodine-induced hyperthyroidism were initiated by establishing several regional registers of hyperthyroidism. In the present paper, the results of a two-year monitoring (2000-2001) have been summarized. There are no epidemiological data on hyperthyroidism prior to starting the iodine prophylaxis, but the obtained current data are comparable to observations in other countries, made after iodine supplementation. The incidence of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism did not exceed the acceptable level, thus confirming--together with previous observations on the effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis--the adequacy of applied dose of KI (30 microg/kg NaCl), used for salt iodization in Poland.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of polymorphism of three human Y-chromosome STR loci: DYS390, DYS392 and DYS393 in the population of northern Poland.

The study aimed at development of a multiplex PCR system for amplification of three Y-chromosome STR loci: DYS390, DYS392 and DYS393, and its application in haplotype polymorphism analysis in the population of northern Poland. Due to interactions between originally published primers, a new DYS392 primer pair was proposed. In a population of 158 unrelated males, 28 different haplotypes could be observed, 12 of which were seen only once. The haplotype diversity is 0.805. Distribution of haplotypes of the studied loci is specific to the population of northern Poland and distinguishes it from compared West-European populations. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a Y-STR multiplex system that can be analysed on native polyacrylamide gels.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

[The use amount of chlordane, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide in Poland].

Chlordanes, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide exposure from a particular food items in Poland in 1970-1996 was calculated by multiplying its annualized mean consumption rates by residue concentration in the food. Estimated daily dietary intakes of chlordanes were from 0.35 to 0.42 microgram per person while of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide from 0.51 to 0.58 microgram per person, on the average. Fish, meat and meat products and butter are a main source of chlordanes intake in a total diet in Poland, while in the case of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide a main source are meat, meat products and animal fats.

Chlordan↗
PubMed2003

Drug-resistant tuberculosis in Poland in 2000: second national survey and comparison with the 1997 survey.

SETTING: Three years after the last survey of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Poland, a nationwide survey was conducted by the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory in cooperation with all TB laboratories. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and patterns of primary and acquired drug resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered from tuberculosis patients in Poland in 2000 and to compare the results with an earlier survey carried out in 1997. DESIGN: In a prospective survey based on the questionnaires and strains of M. tuberculosis from all 16 regional centres participating in the study, 3705 questionnaires and cultures were obtained from 3037 new and 668 previously treated patients excreting TB bacilli during the 12-month period of 2000. Tests of resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol were performed using Löwenstein-Jensen and the Bactec system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the previous survey in 1997, the current survey showed a twofold increase in tuberculosis resistance in new cases: any resistance was 3.6% in 1997 vs. 6.1% in 2000 (P < 0.001), multidrug resistance was 0.6% vs. 1.2% (P < 0.01), and no cases of four-drug resistance in 1997 vs. 15 cases in 2000. No statistical differences were observed in the rate of acquired resistance in both surveys.

Adolescent↗