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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The successful reconstruction of thoracic tracheal defects with free periosteal grafts.

A defect was created in the thoracic trachea in nine piglets (10 kg) by excising a segment from the entire thoracic trachea proximal to the right upper lobe bronchus (3 to 3.5 cm in length) and 30% of the circumference in width (1 to 1.5 cm). The defect was repaired with a free tibial periosteal graft (FPG) and in four piglets an omental pedicle graft (OPG) was applied to the surface of the FPG. An internal tracheal splint was inserted for 12 to 16 days to support the repair and prevent air leak. The splints were removed bronchoscopically. None of the pigs developed signs of airway obstruction at any stage following the repair. Eight were killed 3 months postoperatively when four to six times their original weight. One pig died on the 18th postoperative day of unknown cause. The tracheas were removed, x-rayed, and examined grossly and histologically. The results demonstrated normal tracheal growth with absence of either stenosis, collapse, or granulation tissue. All grafts were viable, bone formation was present, and the lumenal surfaces were lined with columnar and respiratory epithelium. The OPG did not improve vascularization of the FPG. This model suggests that tracheal stenosis in children may be surgically corrected by simply incising the stenotic segment longitudinally and enlarging the tracheal diameter by inserting a FPG into the defect.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of biomechanical properties of periosteal suture fixation and bone anchor fixation to the pubic bone.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the relative strength of fixation using bone anchors (BAs) compared with direct suture placement into the periosteum. METHODS: The anterior bony pelvis was harvested from 21 female cadavers. In each pelvis, BA suture fixation was performed using Cinch anchors on one side of the pubic bone and direct periosteal suture fixation (PSF) on the contralateral side of the same pelvis. We used No. 1 polyproprolene suture for all cases. Using a hydraulic mechanical testing machine, all specimens were loaded in uniaxial tension until failure. RESULTS: Failure modes for BA-fixed pelves were as follows: 11 BA pull-out, 1 midsuture failure, and 9 suture cut by BA. Failure modes for the PSF pelves were as follows: 6 suture pull-outs through the bone, 14 midsuture failures, and 1 suture cut at the bone. PSF pelves required significantly higher loads to induce failure compared with BA pelves (PSF 92.63 +/- 22.62 N, BA 71.32 +/- 19.76 N, P <0.0002). In many cases, both PSF and BA were adequate points of fixation, and the major mechanism of failure was suture rupture. In pelves with suture failure, the load to induce failure was significantly higher in the PSF group (PSF 105.06 +/- 12.55 N, BA 86.06 +/- 7.78 N, P <0.0025). When the suture failed, PSF was better because BA fixation actually broke some sutures. The load required to induce failure was higher in the PSF groups in 19 (90.5%) of 21 pelves. CONCLUSIONS: Biomechanical testing using permanent monofilament suture did not demonstrate a superiority of BA suture fixation to PSF fixation. PSF appears superior, since BAs induced suture failure in many cases.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

The effect of ovariectomy on periosteal bone formation and bone resorption in adult rats.

In order to quantify the rate of bone metabolism after ovariectomy, tetracycline was injected intraperitoneally into 3-month-old female Wistar rats to label the mineralizing front and ovariectomy was performed. The rats were sacrificed 91 days later, whereupon serum calcium and phosphorus were determined. The femurs were sectioned in the upper part, photographed and the area between the tetracycline line and the outer perimeter of the bone was planimetered at a reference point. The area of periosteal bone formed was noted to be 28.3% greater than in control rats (P = 0.0002) and the area of the medullary cavity 18.8% larger (P = 0.033), indicating enhanced osteoblast and osteoclast function. The serum calcium concentration was unchanged, but a significant reduction in phosphorus was seen in the ovariectomized rats (P < 0.0001). The data suggest that the stimulated bone formation is a representative phenomenon in ovariectomized rats at least for 100 days and bone resorption remains elevated in the course of processes possibly leading to osteoporosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion lesion: a cause of anterior instability of the shoulder.

Recurrent anterior unidirectional instability of the shoulder is not always associated with a classic Bankart lesion, which is an avulsion of the anterior labroligamentous structures from the anterior glenoid rim. Because the anterior scapular periosteum ruptures, the labrum and the attached ligaments are found to float out anterior to the glenoid rim when viewed arthroscopically. The anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) of the supporting anterior inferior ligamentous and labral structures of the shoulder joint was found in four of eight acute primary anterior shoulder dislocations. This lesion differs from the Bankart lesion because the anterior scapular periosteum does not rupture, thereby allowing the labroligamentous structures to displace medially and rotate inferiorly on the scapular neck. These lesions eventually heal, and lead to recurrent anterior dislocations because of the subsequent incompetence of the anterior inferior glenohumeral ligament. An arthroscopic technique that converts the ALPSA lesion to a Bankart lesion and subsequently reconstructs the supporting anterior inferior structures of the shoulder has been successful in 26 cases (4 acute and 22 chronic) which were followed for > or = 2 years. Only one dislocation occurred, and it was the result of severe trauma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Periosteal bone growth rates in extant ratites (ostriche and emu). Implications for assessing growth in dinosaurs.

The first quantitative experimental data on growth dynamics of the primary cortical bone of young ratites demonstrate the following. 1) From hatching to 2 months of age, cortical thickness remains constant, thereby expressing equilibrium between periosteal bone deposition and an endosteal bone resorption. 2) Radial growth rates of the diaphyseal bone cortex are high (10-40 microns.day-1 on average--maximum 80 microns.day-1) in the hindlimb (femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus). Wing bones are smaller and later developed. They have lower rates of radial osteogenesis (2-14 microns.day-1). 3) High growth rates are linked to densely vascularized primary bone belonging to the reticular or laminar tissue types. Growth rates fall when bone vascular density decreases. These results emphasize the importance of examining a large number of skeletal elements in order to build a precise knowledge of the general relationship between bone growth rate and bone tissue type. They also stress the potential of bone growth rate quantification among extinct tetrapods, including non-avian dinosaurs.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Periosteal migration in the growing mandible: an animal model.

Migration of mandibular periosteum and attached musculature was tracked along the inferior border of the ramus in growing and nongrowing guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) over a 6-week period. Particulate metallic growth-tracing implants were placed through the bony mandible and adjacent musculature at two anteroposterior locations and two bony reference markers were placed anteriorly. Quantification from weekly radiographs of growing animals showed marked posterior migration of the periosteum, whereas in nongrowing animals there was negligible periosteum movement. Significantly greater migration occurred in posterior (6.37 +/- 0.76 mm) implants relative to the anterior implants (3.45 +/- 0.86 mm, p < 0.001). The neutral zone, where little periosteal migration occurs, was calculated to be approximately at the anteroposterior center of the molar tooth row. Analysis of the orientation of the medial pterygoid muscle relative to the mandible showed that muscle fibers on average become more horizontal. Thus, the study found differential anteroposterior migration of the mandibular periosteum in growing animals and correlative changes in orientation of the medial pterygoid muscle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Periosteal chondroma presenting as a subcutaneous mass in the thumb.

We describe an unusual case of periosteal chondroma of the distal phalanx in the left thumb presenting as a subcutaneous mass in an 81-year-old woman. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a subcutaneous lesion with hypointensity on T1-weighted images and marked hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, eroding the underlying cortical bone. Computed tomographic (CT) scans showed an erosive change in the dorsal cortex of the distal phalanx. Bone tumors arising from bone surface should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous finger masses.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

An experimental study of the osteogenicity of free periosteal allografts with cyclosporine A administration.

Free tibial periosteum was grafted onto the dorsum (m. cutaneous trunci) of Sprague-Dawley rats to examine its osteogenic potential. The animals were divided into 3 groups based on type of: A. autogenous periosteum, B. allogeneic periosteum and C. allogeneic periosteum, and treated with cyclosporine A immunosuppression. The osteogenic response was evaluated radiologically and histologically. This study indicates that in this model periosteal allografts with immunosuppression of the recipient result in osteogenesis. Clinical application of the technique will only be possible if immunosuppressive methods with minimal morbidity are developed so that they can be used for prolonged periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Participation of intracellular cysteine proteinases, in particular cathepsin B, in degradation of collagen in periosteal tissue explants.

The involvement of cysteine proteinases in the degradation of soft connective tissue collagen was studied in cultured periosteal explants. Using cysteine proteinase inhibitors that were active intracellularly or extracellularly (Ep453 and Ep475, respectively), it was shown that over-all collagen degradation, as measured by the release of hydroxyproline, decreased significantly on inhibition of the intracellular pool of cysteine proteinases by Ep453. This inhibitor also induced an accumulation of intracellular fibrillar collagen in fibroblasts, indicating a decreased degradation of phagocytosed collagen. The extracellular inhibitor, Ep475, had minor or no effects. Histochemical analysis using a substrate for the cysteine proteinases cathepsins B and L revealed a high level of enzyme activity, which was completely blocked in explants preincubated with a selective intracellular inhibitor of cathepsin B, Ca074-Me. Moreover, the cathepsin B inhibitor strongly affected collagen degradation, decreasing the release of hydroxyproline and increasing the accumulation of phagocytosed collagen. These effects were comparable or slightly stronger than those found with the general intracellular inhibitor (Ep453). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that intracellular cysteine proteinases, in particular cathepsin B, play an important role in the digestion of soft connective tissue collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Neurocranial suture autotransplantation and periosteal dura stripping to provide a passive growth site in craniosynostosis--a case report.

AIM: The behaviour of a neurocranial suture autograft in a plagiocephalic infant is described. PATIENT AND METHODS: In a 7-month-old girl, born with right-sided unicoronal synostosis, part of the left-sided unicoronal suture was transplanted to the right-sided synostosectomy site. Also, in the pathological area, the periosteal 'layer' of the dura was surgically removed. The suture autotransplantation was integrated into the classical concept of radical remodelling, planned in a computer design environment. Growth of the suture was monitored by CT. RESULTS: Suture patency and osseous growth within the autograft could be demonstrated over a 1-year period. CONCLUSION: Neurocranial suture autotransplantation together with the prohibition of fusion-inducing dural signals seems to be a promising technique in the treatment of certain premature synostoses. This warrants a prospective clinical trial.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2003

Quantitative trait loci for periosteal circumference (PC): identification of single loci and epistatic effects in F2 MRL/SJL mice.

To test the hypothesis that periosteal circumference (PC), which is associated with bone size through cross-sectional moment of inertia (CMI), has heritable components, we performed a linkage analysis using 633 MRL/SJL F(2) mice that have 14% difference in mean PC. PC was determined in femurs by use of peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT). The genome-wide scan identified nine QTL for PC adjusted by body weight on chromosomes 1 (2 QTL), 2 (2 QTL), 8, 11, 15, 17, and X, which accounted for 38.6% of phenotype variance. QTL on chromosomes 1 (D1Mit33), 8 (D8Mit125), 15 (D15Mit 62), 17 (D17Mit176), and X (DXMit208) were unique for PC adjusted by body weight and femur length, while the remaining PC QTL were shared with body weight but not femur length. Four epistatic interactions were identified which accounted for 37.6% of phenotype variance. There was also evidence of pleiotropic effects on chromosome 11 among four size phenotypes (PC, body length, body weight, bone mineral density, and muscle size), which may represent a common genetic mechanism that may regulate bone size and body size.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Endothelin-a receptor antagonist treatment improves the periosteal microcirculation after hindlimb ischemia and reperfusion in the rat.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the microcirculatory changes in the rat tibial periosteum after hindlimb ischemia and reperfusion and to evaluate the effects of endothelin-A (ET-A) receptor antagonist therapy in this condition. The healing and functioning of vascularized bone autografts depend mainly on the patency of the microcirculation, and the activation of ET-A receptors may be an important component of the tissue response that occurs during ischemia-reoxygenation injuries. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to 1 hour of hindlimb ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion. The periosteal microcirculation was visualized by intravital fluorescence microscopy. The leukocyte rolling and adherence in the postcapillary venules and the functional capillary density of the periosteum were determined. Two separate groups were treated with the selective ET-A receptor antagonist BQ 610 or the novel ET-A receptor antagonist ETR-p1/fl peptide at the onset of reperfusion. RESULTS: Reperfusion was accompanied by a significant decrease in functional capillary density and by an increase in the primary and secondary leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. ET-A receptor inhibition reduced the leukocyte rolling and firm adherence and attenuated the decrease in functional capillary density in both treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: ET-1 plays a major role in microvascular dysfunction in the periosteum during reperfusion. The ET-1-ET-A receptor system might be an important target for tissue salvage therapy in transplantation surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Periosteal osteosarcoma of the mandible.

We report a rare case of periosteal osteosarcoma of the mandible in a 15-year-old girl. Extension of the tumour into the bone marrow by way of the periodontal ligament is demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Neochondrogenesis in repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects using free autogenous periosteal grafts in the rabbit. A follow-up in six months.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the repair of lesions of articular cartilage with periosteum-free implants and follow-up at 6 months. DESIGN: Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits, 4-6 weeks old, were used. Full-thickness articular cartilage defects in the medial femoral condyle were created. Spontaneous evolution occurred in 18 animals; the other 18 animals were treated with a free autogenous periosteal tibial implant fixed with Tissucol. Animals were killed in groups of six at 8, 12 and 24 weeks. Macroscopic, histologic and histochemical results were evaluated and analysed statistically using the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The spontaneous evolution of the lesion did not lead to complete repair in any case. The periosteum-free implant provided complete repair of the lesion and statistically significant restoration of the articular surface. CONCLUSIONS: In the rabbit, this study confirms the incomplete spontaneous repair of articular cartilage and the chondrogenic potential of tibial periosteum-free implants, with long-term maintenance of the macroscopic, histologic and histochemical characteristics of neo-cartilage. This raises the possibility of its use as an alternative method in the repair of circumscribed osteochondral lesions in young patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Expression of beta1 integrins during periosteal chondrogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: The interactions between integrins and extracellular matrix proteins are known to modulate cell behavior, and may be involved in regulating cartilage formation and repair. The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns and localization of expression of the beta1 integrins during cartilage formation by periosteum, which is used to repair articular cartilage. DESIGN: Periosteal explants from 2-month-old rabbit medial proximal tibiae were cultured in agarose suspension for 0 to 6 weeks, with 10 ng/ml transforming growth factor-beta1 added for the first 2 days of culture. Integrin expressions were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and localized by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Normal periosteum expressed the alpha1, alpha3, alpha5, beta1 subunits at low levels, and the proteins for all but the alpha3 subunits were identified by immunohistochemistry in the periosteum. Significant two- to five-fold up-regulation of the mRNA expression of the alpha1, alpha3, alpha5 and beta1 integrin subunits during the early proliferative stage of chondrogenesis was observed. The initial change was a five-fold increase in alpha5 expression on day 2 and a two-fold increase in alpha3 expression. On day 5, alpha1 expression was up-regulated (four-fold). beta1 expression was broadly up-regulated (three to four-fold) from day 5 to 14. In the early stage of chondrocyte differentiation, after day 14, alpha1 expression was down-regulated, while there was upregulation of alpha3 (three-fold), alpha5 (three-fold) and beta1 (four-fold) expressions. Thereafter, alpha1 expression was down-regulated, while alpha3, alpha5 and beta1 expressions were up-regulated again during matrix synthesis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed this late decrease in alpha1 levels and increase in alpha3, alpha5 and beta1 levels in chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that the beta1 integrins play an important role in the process of chondrogenesis in periosteum.

Animals↗