Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PATENTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Patent paraumbilical vein: anatomic and hemodynamic variants and their clinical importance.

Fifty-five of 353 patients with suspected portal hypertension studied with Doppler sonography had a patent paraumbilical vein. Of these 55 patients, 39 had the classic intrahepatic venous circulation found in Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome: hepatopetal flow in all segmental portal veins and hepatofugal flow leaving the liver in a paraumbilical vein in the falciform ligament to join veins of the anterior abdominal wall. Sixteen patients had variants of the classic pattern: Flow in one or more segmental portal veins of the left lobe or the entire liver was hepatofugal. In addition, new venous channels connecting the left portal vein with the extrahepatic paraumbilical vein were found. Assessment of liver function with the Pugh score showed severe impairment in the majority of patients with a patent paraumbilical vein. Patients with the classic intrahepatic circulation had smaller esophageal varices than those with hemodynamic or anatomic variants. The presence of a patent paraumbilical vein did not prevent formation of esophageal varices in the patients studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Therapeutic value of selective salpingography for infertile women with patent fallopian tubes: the impact on pregnancy rate.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the therapeutic value of selective salpingography (SSG) for infertile women with patent fallopian tubes. DESIGN: Retrospective, case-control analysis. SETTING: University Hospital, infertility clinic. PATIENTS: Infertile cases with patent tubes documented by hysterosalpingography (HSG) or by HSG followed by laparoscopic examination (n = 80). INTERVENTION(S): Hysteroscopic SSG. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Patency rate of tubes by SSG. Pregnancy rate following SSG. RESULT(S): Eighty cases were divided into the study group (SSG performed, 37 cases) and the case-control group (SSG not performed, 43 cases). Successful SSG of at least one tube was obtained in all of 37 cases (100%) in whom SSG was attempted. A patency rate of 95.9% was documented in the 73 cannulated tubes of these cases. The total subsequent pregnancy rate (48.6%) within 12 months of follow-up after SSG was significantly higher than that (11.6%) obtained in the control group (p < 0.001). The cumulative pregnancy rate in the study group was also significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION(S): The findings of the present study encourage the application of SSG to infertile women, either as a sole therapeutic approach or in association with other methods of assisted reproductive technology, even if their fallopian tubes are shown to be patent by HSG.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Patent blue: a novel vital dye in vitreoretinal surgery.

PURPOSE: To determine a novel vital dye (patent blue; Blueron) for vitreoretinal surgery in a prospective consecutive case series. METHODS: Five patients with either idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM; n = 2), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (n = 2), or a macular hole (n = 1) underwent a three-port pars plana vitrectomy. Patent blue assisted staining of the retinal surface followed by a consecutive peeling of the ERM (n = 4) or of the internal limiting membrane (ILM; n = 1) was performed. The main outcome measures were quality of intraoperative visualization of preretinal structures and postoperative visual acuity. RESULTS: The dye induced a moderate staining (++) of the ERM and a mild staining (+) of the ILM. Complete ERM and ILM removal was successfully achieved in all cases. A mean visual improvement of three Snellen lines was observed 6 months postoperatively. No visual field defects or visible retinal pigment epithelial changes were present 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Patent blue, a novel dye for intraocular applications, may be added as an alternative dye in chromovitrectomy.

Absorption↗
PubMed1995

Evidence for a patent fibrous tract in fractured, outgrown, or disconnected ventriculoperitoneal shunts.

As cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts function for several years, outgrowth and disconnection of the distal catheter are seen more frequently. Though a shunt revision is clearly indicated if patients are symptomatic, asymptomatic patients with a disconnection or who have outgrown the distal catheter may no longer require CSF diversion. This follows an assumption that the shunt is no longer functioning and, in an asymptomatic patient, no longer required. However, patent fibrous tracts have been postulated which may allow passage of CSF through disconnected or outgrown distal catheters. We have recently treated 2 patients with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts with evidence of a persistent fibrous tract. A 13-year-old boy was asymptomatic for 2 years after radiographs revealed an outgrown distal VP shunt catheter, after which the acutely deteriorated and died from massive hydrocephalus, although the entire shunt was patent. Another 14-year-old boy who was profoundly retarded presented with subtle changes in his daily activity. Shunt radiographs revealed two disconnections and a broken valve, but a shunt tap revealed a normal opening pressure (OP). A radionuclide shuntogram revealed rapid passage of isotope through fibrous sheaths at the disconnections, and into the peritoneum. A shunt revision was performed and the patient returned to his previous level of health. Patients with outgrown or disconnected distal catheters may be asymptomatic and/or have normal OP, and must not be assumed to have arrested hydrocephalus. A ventricular pressure measurement and radionuclide shuntogram should be performed to rule out a patent persistent fibrous tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of transesophageal echocardiography and transcranial Doppler sonography with contrast medium for detection of patent foramen ovale.

BACKGROUND: Patent foramen ovale as a possible stroke risk factor can be diagnosed with transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) by detecting intravenous contrast medium crossing from the right to the left atrium. The present study evaluates the reliability of this method. SUMMARY OF REPORT: We performed TCD and transesophageal echocardiography simultaneously in 50 patients using galactose microbubbles. We observed bubble signals passing the middle cerebral artery in 7 patients less than 20 seconds after injection; we found positive TCD tests in 14 patients using the Valsalva maneuver. With transesophageal echocardiography patent foramen ovale could be detected in 15 patients (sensitivity, 0.93; specificity, 1; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: TCD with echo contrast is a reliable screening tool for patent foramen ovale. A standardized procedure including the Valsalva maneuver is essential to prevent false-negative results.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Physiologic closure of a symptomatic patent foramen ovale with oxygen therapy.

Surgery is required for correction of a physiologically significant patent foramen ovale. We report a patient with poliomyelitis and respiratory failure in whom a patent foramen ovale became symptomatic because of hypoxemia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation reversed the pulmonary hypertension, resulting in physiologic termination of the patent foramen ovale without surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Cryptogenic ischemic stroke and paradoxical embolism: should a patent foramen ovale be closed? Case report and literature review.

Paradoxical embolism is a well-recognized cause of stroke. While the diagnosis in the majority of the cases with a patent foramen ovale is presumptive, numerous treatment strategies have been described. However, there is no single approach that has been overwhelmingly recommended for these patients. A patient is described who presented with ischemic stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a thrombus that straddled a patent foramen ovale. Anticoagulation with intravenous heparin resulted in resolution of thrombus and neurologic deficit. The literature regarding diagnosis and treatment of paradoxical embolism in the presence of patent foramen ovale is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Clinical and angiographic features of patients with an occluded versus a patent infarct vessel after intravenous streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction.

Despite early treatment with thrombolytic agents for acute myocardial infarction, a significant portion of patients fail to achieve a patent infarct artery. To study the various factors related to achieving patency in the infarct vessel, 201 patients who received streptokinase within six hours of symptoms were studied. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization during the same hospitalization at 5.40 +/- 3.26 days after admission. Forty-five (22.4%) patients were found to have an occluded infarct artery (group 1) and 156 (77.6%) had a patent infarct vessel (group 2). There was no difference in the time from onset of symptoms to receiving streptokinase between the two groups. The two groups were similar to each other with regard to age, gender, history of myocardial infarction or angina, and major risk factors for coronary disease. Coagulation parameters before and after streptokinase therapy, reflecting the lytic state, were similar in both groups. The left ventricular end diastolic pressure was significantly higher and the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2. These observations suggest that despite early initiation of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction, a significant portion of patients fail to achieve a patent infarct artery. This failure cannot be explained by the observed clinical parameters or the lytic state after streptokinase.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The widely patent cochleovestibular communication of Edward Cock is a distinct inner ear malformation: implications for cochlear implantation.

OBJECTIVES: In 1838, Edward Cock described the anatomic findings in 4 inner ears with a widely patent communication between the cochlea and the vestibule that is now frequently referred to as the "common cavity deformity" and is often confused with Michel's "otocyst deformity." Little is known about the anatomic characteristics, including the presence of neural elements in this malformation. METHODS: Light microscopy and 2-dimensional and computerized 3-dimensional reconstructions were used to determine the histopathology and spiral ganglion cell counts in 7 temporal bones with a widely patent cochleovestibular communication. RESULTS: In all 7 specimens, the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals were distinguishable and a bony defect resulting in an abnormal communication of perilymphatic space between the cochlea and vestibule was present. The ductus reuniens was abnormally wide in all. The cochlear duct varied from less than 1 turn to up to 2 turns. The mean spiral ganglion cells were estimated as a percentage of age-matched normal controls at 2.3%, 16.5%, and 26.8% when the cochlea was approximately 1, 1(1/2), and 2 turns, respectively (p = .007). The cribrose area consisted of a thin membrane in 2 specimens, and Rosenthal's canal openly communicated with the cerebrospinal fluid space in 3 specimens. The stapes footplate was abnormal in all 7 specimens and consisted of a central defect bridged by a thin membrane in 4 specimens. The facial nerve was dehiscent in 5 specimens (71%) and also followed an anomalous course in 2 specimens (28%). CONCLUSIONS: The widely patent cochleovestibular communication is a distinct inner ear malformation, recognition of which may have important clinical implications. Estimates of spiral ganglion cells can be predicted from the number of cochlear turns. Although cochlear implantation is feasible in patients with this malformation, a higher risk of cerebrospinal fluid gushers, facial nerve injuries, meningitis, and poor performance would be predicted. A better understanding of the anatomy will allow more effective surgical planning and techniques and may have a significant impact in improving outcomes.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2001

Patent foramen ovale causing position-dependent shunting in a patient, when laying down her corset.

A 75-yr-old female presented with platypnoea and orthodeoxia, shortly after laying down an old and pinching corset. The injection of activated Haemaccel in the right cubital vene during transoesophageal echocardiography, in the upright position, revealed a direct blood flow from the superior caval vein at a patent foremen ovale, consequently opening it and causing a large right-to-left shunt which was calculated at 28.5%. In the supine position there was only a minimal opening of the patent foremen ovale with a calculated right-to-left shunt of 9.5%. The patent foremen ovale was successfully closed percutaneously with a CardioSEAL.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Incidences of venous air embolism and patent foramen ovale among patients undergoing selective peripheral denervation in the sitting position.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence and severity of venous air embolism (VAE), a potentially fatal complication, among patients undergoing selective peripheral denervation in the sitting position have never been clearly established. We designed this retrospective study to assess the incidence and severity of VAE, the incidence of paradoxical air embolism, and the occurrence of patent foramen ovale, as detected with transesophageal echocardiography, as well as the effects of its detection on patient treatment. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, data were collected from the charts of all patients who underwent selective peripheral denervation at our institution between 1988 and 2001. The severity of VAE was assessed by using a 5-point scale. RESULTS: Data for 342 patients were available for analyses. Seven patients exhibited VAE, yielding an incidence of 2%. The severity of VAE was 2/5 for three patients, 3/5 for three patients, and 4/5 for one patient. Air could be aspirated from the central venous catheter for three patients. No deaths occurred. Among the 96 transesophageal echocardiographic examinations performed, 5 cases of patent foramen ovale were detected (5.2%). For those patients, surgery was performed in the prone or park-bench position. No paradoxical air embolism was detected. CONCLUSION: This is the first large study to directly assess the incidence and severity of VAE among patients undergoing selective peripheral denervation in the sitting position. We recommend that the detection of a patent foramen ovale prompt a change in position for this surgical procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Laparoscopic sentinel node procedure using a combination of patent blue and radiocolloid in women with endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: We assessed the feasibility of a laparoscopic sentinel node (SN) procedure based on the combined use of radiocolloid and patent blue labeling in patients with endometrial cancer. METHODS: Seventeen patients (median age, 69 years) with endometrial cancer of stage I (16 patients) or stage II (1 patient) underwent a laparoscopic SN procedure based on combined radiocolloid and patent blue injected pericervically. After the SN procedure, all patients underwent complete laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and either laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (16 patients) or laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (1 patient). RESULTS: SNs (mean number per patient, 2.6; range, 1-4) were identified in 16 (94.1%) of the 17 patients. Macrometastases were detected in three SNs from two patients by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In three other patients, immunohistochemical analysis identified six micrometastatic SNs and one SN containing isolated tumor cells. No false-negative SN results were observed. CONCLUSIONS: An SN procedure based on a combination of radiocolloid and patent blue is feasible in patients with early endometrial cancer. Combined use of laparoscopy and this SN procedure permits minimally invasive management of endometrial cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of flow volume and flow patterns in the patent false lumen of chronic aortic dissections using velocity-encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging.

In 21 patients with chronic aortic dissections and proven patent false lumens, the flow volume and flow patterns in the patent false lumens was evaluated using velocity-encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging (VENC-MRI) and the relationship between the flow characteristics and aortic enlargement was retrospectively examined. Flow patterns in the false lumen were divided into 3 groups: pattern A with primarily antegrade flow (n=6), pattern R with primarily retrograde flow (n=3), and pattern B with bidirectional flow (n=12). In group A, the rate of flow volume in the false lumen compared to the total flow volume in true and false lumens (%TFV) and the average rate of enlargement of the maximum diameter of the dissected aorta per year (deltaD) were significantly greater than in groups R and B (%TFV: 74.1+/-0.07 vs 15.2+/-0.03 vs 11.8+/-0.04, p<0.01; deltaD: 3.62+/-0.82 vs 0 vs 0.58+/-0.15 mm/year, p<0.05, respectively). There was a significant correlation between %TFV and deltaD (r=0.79, p<0.0001). Evaluation of flow volume and flow patterns in the patent false lumen using VENC-MRI may be useful for predicting enlargement of the dissected aorta.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Atrial septal aneurysm plus a patent foramen ovale. A predisposing factor for paradoxical embolism and refractory hypoxemia during pulmonary embolism.

We report three consecutive cases of patients who had refractory hypoxemia and paradoxical embolism during the course of pulmonary embolism. Transesophageal echocardiography showed an atrial septal aneurysm and a patent foramen ovale in all patients. The latter was detected by an early and massive passage of contrast from the right to the left atrium. We suggest that the presence of an atrial septal aneurysm plus a patent foramen ovale greatly enhances both magnitude of shunting and the risk of systemic embolism. The presence of an atrial septal aneurysm plus a patent foramen ovale should be considered and checked using transesophageal echocardiography in every patient with significant pulmonary embolism.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Ischemic stroke and patent foramen ovale: case report.

Approximately 40% of ischemic strokes have no clearly definable etiology and are termed cryptogenic strokes. Patent foramen ovale, a small communication between the left and right atria, is considered to be a risk factor for cerebral embolism. In this study, we report the case of a 29-year-old woman with diagnosis of ischemic stroke due to patent foramen ovale who has undergone percutaneous endovascular closure. The aim of this report is to discuss the relevant aspects of the patent foramen ovale and the cryptogenic stroke, its clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Sentinel node study with patent blue in cervical cancer].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of sentinel node identification in patients with invasive cervix cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using intraoperative lymphatic mapping with patent blue dye. METHODS: Fifty one patients wtih Figo I and II cervical cancer were submitted to radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The patent blue V was injected around the tumor before beginning surgery. At the time of pelvic lymphadenectomy, lymph nodes with obvious uptake of the dye were separated from the remainder of the lymphadenectomy specimen. RESULTS: Sentinel nodes were detected in 32 of the 51 patients. Four cases of false negative were observed. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 38.6%, 42.8%, 10% and 80.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of sentinel node with patent blue dye is feasible in cervical cancer. A larger series will be required to establish sentinel detection in cervical cancer for further therapy concepts and planning.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of domestic goats as a patent host of Elaphostrongylus cervi.

A study was undertaken to determine whether domestic goats can serve as patent hosts of Elaphostrongylus cervi under natural or experimental conditions. Three-hundred and two fecal samples from 124 domestic goats raised outdoors in New Zealand, where E. cervi is enzootic, were tested for nematode larvae by the Baermann method. All samples were negative for E. cervi dorsal-spined larvae. Twenty juvenile male Nubian and Saanen goats obtained locally were assigned randomly to 5 dosage groups and were orally administered 5, 15, 35, 65, or 125 third-stage larvae of E. cervi, respectively. Two yearling female red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) each received 35 or 65 third-stage larvae as positive controls, and 2 uninoculated juvenile male goats served as negative controls. Fecal Baermann testing of pooled samples from the inoculated goats was conducted weekly for the first 80 days postinoculation (DPI) and daily thereafter until 250 DPI. No dorsal-spined larvae were recovered. One goat that had received 15 third-stage larvae displayed a mild transient posterior ataxia suggestive of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis. Gross postmortem examination did not reveal any direct evidence of nematodes in any of the goats, and only a few minor lesions were present. Histologically, these lesions were consistent with a parasite etiology. Histological evaluation of grossly normal lumbar and sacral spinal cord from 2 goats that had each received 125 third-stage larvae revealed eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and leukomyelitis, respectively, suggestive of the presence of parasites in the central nervous system. The 2 positive control red deer became patent with dorsal-spined larvae consistent with E. cervi at 131 DPI. These findings suggest that goats, at least those breeds utilized in this study, are not suitable patent hosts for E. cervi.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Ossified versus patent cochlea: objective and subjective results of partial drill-out of the basal turn.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the objective benefits and subjective impact of surgery on the quality of life (QOL) of implanted patients with a totally ossified or patent cochlea. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, pre- versus postsurgery study. SETTING: Academic otolaryngology department. PATIENTS: Five consecutive patients (3 women and 2 men with a mean age of 43.6 years; range 15-62 years) with a totally ossified cochlea treated with Cohen's partial drill-out technique were selected from a series of 78 patients who underwent cochlear implantation. Five implanted patients (three women and two men with a mean age of 43.8; range 26-60 years) with a patent cochlea were used as a control group. The mean age, gender distribution, and causes of deafness were the same in the two groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recognition test of open and closed sets of two-syllable words; sentence test; subjective QOL test for auditory, social, and emotional impairment. RESULTS: The patients with an ossified cochlea showed a gradual improvement in all objective speech modalities during the 24-month follow-up period, whereas those with a patent cochlea reached their best score at the first follow-up evaluation. At the subjective QOL test, auditory impairment in the patients with an ossified cochlea was 91% before and 34% after surgery; the social impairment scores at the same times were, respectively, 52% and 18%. The presurgery emotional impairment score of 56% decreased over the following months, but this trend was more striking in the earlier postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of cochlear implants should be considered not only in terms of objective evaluation by means of traditional clinical tests but also in terms of the patients' subjective evaluation of auditory and communicative performances. Together with the improvement in auditory and communicative skills, a better QOL (psychological and social comfort) is undoubtedly one of the more appreciated aspects for implanted patients.

Adolescent↗