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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Expanding the DOCLINE network to include nonmedical libraries in the state of Nevada.

Most libraries cannot meet patron demands for biomedical information using only their in-house collections. Consequently, many types of libraries request biomedical information through interlibrary loan, and these include not only academic health sciences libraries, hospital and special libraries, but also general libraries. In Nevada, with its small population spread over a large geographic area, it has become critical to develop a statewide network for sharing biomedical information. As the state resource library, the Savitt Medical Library launched an effort to establish a network, via DOCLINE, of all Nevada libraries that have health-related collections. The process of convincing academic and community college libraries to join DOCLINE and the resulting benefits of improved resource sharing and cooperative collection development are discussed.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

The sorcerer and his apprentices: contributions of Professor R.H.T. Bates to the physical sciences and engineering in medicine.

The late Professor R. H.T. Bates (Richard) left an enormous legacy of published research and launched many young researchers and engineers into their careers. In doing so he established an international network of information engineering/scientists that is in itself a laudable contribution to the global multidisciplinary scientific community. In this paper are reviewed the contributions that Professor Bates and his students made over the last two decades in the physical sciences applied to medicine. Where appropriate (i.e. where it doesn't overlap with other contributions to this issue) brief descriptions are given of current research projects in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Canterbury, (where Professor Bates carried out most of his research, and where the authors are now ensconced) which in some way relate to the work of "the sorcerer" and his former "apprentices" (as Professor Bates liked to refer to the group).

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2004

Social and behavioural science education in UK medical schools: current practice and future directions.

INTRODUCTION: The increasing importance accorded the social and behavioural sciences in medical education presents opportunities for developing new and innovative forms of teaching and learning in this field. Yet social and behavioural scientists often feel isolated and marginalized. This research was designed to build a network of such practitioners to share and compare current practice, and to develop better models and resources. METHODS: Questionnaire survey and workshop discussions describe current practice among social and behavioural scientists in UK medical education, and identify current and future issues. RESULTS: Most UK medical curricula feature a significant social and behavioural science component, often in multidisciplinary contexts. Questions of core content, and how this relates to desired learning outcomes, particularly in the attitudinal sphere, remain unresolved. Identity problems result from differing perspectives of medics and social and behavioural scientists, staffing constraints, assessment regimes, and relationships with external examiners. DISCUSSION: This project identified barriers and opportunities for providing adequate training in the social and behavioural sciences in medical schools. Some of the barriers are common to higher education generally. Through our network, a database of core cases and assessments can be developed that would be available to all for teaching purposes. CONCLUSION: Social and behavioural scientists involved in medical education show commonality and difference in the extent and scope of their input. While they have made great progress, there remains much to achieve.

Behavioral Sciences↗
PubMed1998

The Oral History Program: I. Personal views of health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

The Medical Library Association Oral History Program uses accepted oral history techniques to collect and preserve interviews with members. The original taped interviews and transcripts are kept in the Medical Library Association archives and made available for research purposes; edited copies of the interviews are distributed through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and members are encouraged to borrow and read the histories. Summaries of forty-three interviews provide personal views on health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1998

The Oral History Program: II. Personal views of health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

The Medical Library Association Oral History Program uses accepted oral history techniques to collect and preserve interviews with members. The original taped interviews and transcripts are kept in the Medical Library Association archives and made available for research purposes; edited copies of the interviews are distributed through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and members are encouraged to borrow and read the histories. Summaries of forty-three interviews provide personal views on health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

Archives↗
PubMed1998

The Oral History Program: III. Personal views of health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

The Medical Library Association Oral History Program uses accepted oral history techniques to collect and preserve interviews with members. The original taped interviews and transcripts are kept in the Medical Library Association archives and made available for research purposes; edited copies of the interviews are distributed through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and members are encouraged to borrow and read the histories. Summaries of forty-three interviews provide personal views on health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1993

Educational Technology Network: a computer conferencing system dedicated to applications of computers in radiology practice, research, and education.

Educational Technology Network (ET Net) is a free, easy to use, on-line computer conferencing system organized and funded by the National Library of Medicine that is accessible via the SprintNet (SprintNet, Reston, VA) and Internet (Merit, Ann Arbor, MI) computer networks. It is dedicated to helping bring together, in a single continuously running electronic forum, developers and users of computer applications in the health sciences, including radiology. ET Net uses the Caucus computer conferencing software (Camber-Roth, Troy, NY) running on a microcomputer. This microcomputer is located in the National Library of Medicine's Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications and is directly connected to the SprintNet and the Internet networks. The advanced computer conferencing software of ET Net allows individuals who are separated in space and time to unite electronically to participate, at any time, in interactive discussions on applications of computers in radiology. A computer conferencing system such as ET Net allows radiologists to maintain contact with colleagues on a regular basis when they are not physically together. Topics of discussion on ET Net encompass all applications of computers in radiological practice, research, and education. ET Net has been in successful operation for 3 years and has a promising future aiding radiologists in the exchange of information pertaining to applications of computers in radiology.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

[SARI: surveillance of antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in German intensive care units. Correlation between antibiotic use and the emergence of resistance].

Intensive care units (ICUs) are considered to be high-risk areas for the emergence and spread of multiresistant bacterial pathogens. In Germany, there are no representative epidemiological data on antibiotic resistance, on the use of antibiotics in ICUs, or on the correlation between antibiotic use and the emergence of resistance. Project SARI (surveillance of antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in ICUs), which as a part of the epidemiological network Spread of Nosocomial Infections and Resistant Pathogens (SIR) is supported by the German Ministry of Science and Education, started in February 2000 and meanwhile includes data on antibiotic use and resistance rates in 38 medical, surgical, and interdisciplinary ICUs. To date (February 2000-June 2003), a total of 1142 months, 413,065 patient days, and 550,288 defined daily doses (DDDs in accordance with the WHO) have been covered with a mean antibiotic usage density (AD) of 1335 DDDs/1000 patient days and resistance data on 37,612 isolates from ICUs. Ciprofloxacin use and MRSA correlate significantly, as do imipenem use and the rate of imipenemresistant P. aeruginosa. The genodiversity of P. aeruginosa is lower in ICUs with high resistance rates and low use of imipenem than in ICUs with high resistance rates and high use. This is an indirect parameter of transmission of identical strains. The epidemiological data of SARI form a basis for improved antibiotic and infection control management in ICUs (http://www.sari-antibiotika.de).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Telescience at the University of California, Berkeley.

The University of California at Berkeley (UCB) is a member of a university consortium involved in telescience testbed activities under the sponsorship of NASA. Our Telescience Testbed Project consists of three experiments using flight hardware being developed for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer project at UCB's Space Sciences Laboratory. The first one is a teleoperation experiment investigating remote instrument control using a computer network such as the Internet. The second experiment is an effort to develop a system for operation of a network of remote workstations allowing coordinated software development, evaluation, and use by widely dispersed groups. The final experiment concerns simulation as a method to facilitate the concurrent development of instrument hardware and support software. We describe our progress in these areas.

Astronomy↗
PubMed1996

A Regularity Condition of the Information Matrix of a Multilayer Perceptron Network.

The Fisher information matrix of a multi-layer perceptron network can be singular at certain parameters, and in such cases many statistical techniques based on asymptotic theory cannot be applied properly. In this paper, we prove rigorously that the Fisher information matrix of a three-layer perceptron network is positive definite if and only if the network is irreducible; that is, if there is no hidden unit that makes no contribution to the output and there is no pair of hidden units that could be collapsed to a single unit without altering the input-output map. This implies that a network that has a singular Fisher information matrix can be reduced to a network with a positive definite Fisher information matrix by eliminating redundant hidden units. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Shared representations between self and other: a social cognitive neuroscience view.

The abilities to identify with others and to distinguish between self and other play a pivotal role in intersubjective transactions. Here, we marshall evidence from developmental science, social psychology and neuroscience (including clinical neuropsychology) that support the view of a common representation network (both at the computational and neural levels) between self and other. However, sharedness does not mean identicality, otherwise representations of self and others would completely overlap, and lead to confusion. We argue that self-awareness and agency are integral components for navigating within these shared representations. We suggest that within this shared neural network the inferior parietal cortex and the prefrontal cortex in the right hemisphere play a special role in interpersonal awareness.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Does help in decision-making in biology help in decision-making in human sciences and conversely?

A link between biological and human sciences may be established, under the condition that we should admit the existence of reciprocal influences between them. The model for the regulation of agonistic antagonistic couples (MRAAC) is built from the study of biological systems and gives rise to specific types of control. This model can be helpful in decision processes in some human sciences such as management, economical and political strategies. The reason for such an opportunity lies in the fact that MRAAC is a general and phenomenological model able to incorporate the whole of the agonistic antagonistic systems. This type of regulation might be related to the concept of the viability of a system (yet also valid for human science systems) and to a functional and structural pattern which is the basis for agonistic antagonistic networks.

Biology↗
PubMed1998

Inductive analysis methods applied on questionnaires.

The am of this study was to evaluate subjective aspects from questionnaires dealing with dental trauma by applying different computerized inductive techniques within the field of artificial intelligence to questionnaires consisting of descriptive variables and of questions reflecting functional, personal, and social effects of patients' oral situation following dental trauma. As the methodology used is new to many readers in odontologic sciences, a detailed description of both the processes and the terminology is given. Utilizing a neural network as a first step in an analysis of data showed if relations existed in the training set, but the network could not make the relations explicit, so other methods, inductive methods, had to be applied. Inductive methods have the potential constructing rules from a set of examples. The rules combined with domain knowledge can reveal relations between the variables. It can be concluded that the usage of methods based on artificial intelligence can greatly improve explanatory value and make knowledge in databases explicit.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

Creation of a regional medical-nutrition education network.

The Southeastern Regional Medical-Nutrition Education Network (SER-MEN) was developed to coordinate and improve nutrition education in a consortium of the medical schools in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. SERMEN's central office is at the Medical College of Georgia with the testing office at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Students, faculty, and consultants in nutrition, education, and computer networking work together on projects on each campus that are coordinated and planned through semiannual meetings. A standardized examination was developed with the Nutrition Test-Item Bank to assess nutrition knowledge at various years of medical students from network schools. Each SERMEN school is connected to a microcomputer system at the central office that provides access to a data base of nutrition education and resources on each campus for developing curricula and syllabi. Funding has been provided by societies, foundations, and government agencies.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2005

Extending worldwide clinical pharmacology education through a pricing approach.

Financial instruments, such as professional membership fees, are part of the science and technology policy toolkit for creating an environment conducive to developing an international health knowledge network. To minimize a hurdle to global knowledge exchange in clinical pharmacology, the American College of Clinical Pharmacology reevaluated fees for its international members. Secondary market research was conducted on salary data available from US-based multinational firms. Salary comparisons for the same position based in the United States and in a developing economy were used to generate an index ratio. Applying this ratio, a tiered-membership fee structure was constructed for the approximately 120 countries where gross national income meets the World Bank classification of "developing economy." The index ratio serves as a paradigm for structuring fees across a variety of programs. With the implementation of an adjusted dues structure, information and networks of colleagues are now more accessible to clinical pharmacologists in developing economies.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗