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PubMedDate not supplied

The association of dietary fat with ability to obtain breast fluid by nipple aspiration.

The ability to obtain breast fluid by nipple aspiration was examined in relation to self-reported dietary fat intake in 1347 white and 153 black women. Study participants were between 20 and 59 years of age, were not pregnant or breastfeeding, and had no history of breast cancer. The proportion of women from whom nipple aspirate fluid was obtained increased with increasing dietary fat consumption; the odds ratio for obtaining breast fluid was 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.8) in white women who consumed over 90 g of fat/day compared with those who consumed less than 50 g of fat/day, adjusting for age, smoking, and parity. Among black women, the association was much stronger; the odds ratio for obtaining nipple aspirate fluid in those who consumed over 90 g of fat/day was 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-10.1) compared with those who consumed less than 50 g of fat/day. In both blacks and whites, the associations were most pronounced in women aged 30-44 years. These findings suggest a relationship between dietary fat consumption and breast secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Forum: dermopigmentation or medical tattooing. Dermopigmentation and reconstruction of the nipple-areola].

The use of pigmented grafts for nipple-areola reconstruction of amputed breasts is disappointing because of frequent depigmentation. Dermopigmentation is an easy, quick and effective means to ensure restoration of the nipple-areolar complex. This technique is presented as a two-step reconstruction under local anesthesia, on an outpatient basis. The final nipple may be obtained, at the second stage, by silicone prosthesis implantation under the previously pigmented mammary skin.

Esthetics↗
PubMed1992

[Bloody nipple discharge in an infant].

A milky discharge from the nipple and breast hypertrophy are often seen in mature infants, but bloody nipple discharge is very rare in infancy and childhood. In adults, a bloody discharge may be associated with breast carcinoma, but in infants it is a benign, self-limited condition that should be managed conservatively. Surgical procedures should be avoided, because injury to the breast bud may cause permanent damage. We report a 3-month-old girl who presented with a bloody discharge from the left nipple. The discharge diminished gradually in the course of time and ceased completely at the age of 9 months.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed2005

Genital leiomyoma: surgical excision for both diagnosis and treatment of a unilateral leiomyoma of the male nipple.

We describe a rare case of unilateral leiomyoma of the nipple in a man presenting with pruritus of the nipple for 3 months. A conservative surgical excision is performed for diagnosis. Histologic examination and immunostaining confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. The leiomyoma is completely excised, and the patient denies pruritus after surgery. Conservative surgical excision of a persistently hard and pruritic nipple can be effectively used as both diagnostic measure and treatment modality.

Breast Neoplasms, Male↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mammary ductal ectasia as cause of bloody nipple discharge in a 28-month-old boy.

Bloody nipple discharge occurs rarely in infancy and may be secondary to mammary ductal ectasia. Discharge commonly resolves spontaneously, and ultrasonography is a useful diagnostic technique to detect the cause of discharge. We report a 28-month-old boy who presented with unilateral bloody nipple discharge for one month without signs of infection or mass. Ultrasound examination showed a dilated duct in the retroareolar region. No atypical cells were present on cytologic evaluation of the discharge. Further diagnostic studies were avoided and the discharge ceased completely one month later. We conclude that bloody nipple discharge is usually a benign and self-limited process in infancy and that it is advisable to avoid unnecessary invasive investigations initially. Invasive diagnostic studies or surgery should be reserved for cases with a palpable mass, persistent discharge or equivocal ultrasonographic findings.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Fiberoptic ductoscopy of the breast: a new diagnostic procedure for nipple discharge.

A fiberoptic ductoscopy system was successfully developed by means of which we were able to observe the duct cavity of the breast. Two kinds of silicafiberscopes with outer diameters 0.80 and 0.45 mm were used in the present study. Fiberoptic ductoscopy was applied to 52 ducts in 46 patients with nipple discharge for whom no tumor was palpable; the intraductal appearance could be observed in 47 ducts from 41 patients (90.3%). Fourteen ducts from 13 patients were operated upon and were histologically diagnosed as carcinoma (four cases), intraductal papilloma (nine ducts from eight patients) and mastitis (one case). The internal surface of a normal duct was lustrous and smooth. Cancer growing on the surface of a duct wall appeared white and was slightly elevated, forming a bridging structure. The intraductal papillomas formed intraductal solid nodules, being yellow in most cases and red at the site of hemorrhage. Fiberoptic ductoscopy can be used to recognize the growth of minute intraductal lesions in cases of nipple discharge. Clinical endoscopic diagnosis for minute intraductal lesions will make an important contribution to the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of nipple involvement in intraductal carcinoma.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Florid papillomatosis of the nipple: a clinico-pathological surgical problem.

Adenoma or florid papillomatosis of the nipple is a rare, benign condition which resembles the clinical appearances of Paget's disease of the nipple and the histological appearances of papillary carcinoma of the breast. We describe a case which illustrates the pitfalls in diagnosis and proposes a safe management procedure for breast and nipple lesions.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

An improved nipple prosthesis.

A nipple-areola reconstruction of prosthesis completes the process of breast reconstruction. Reconstructions are technically difficult and have poor long-term results, whereas commercial nipple prostheses are unsatisfactory in matching the normal colour and shape. We describe a simple technique for the manufacture of a custom made nipple-areola prosthesis.

Color↗
PubMed1990

Nipple stimulation for labor augmentation.

A randomized, prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of nipple stimulation with a breast pump as compared to oxytocin for augmentation of labor. The average and maximal uterine activity achieved was significantly higher in the oxytocin-stimulated group, without significant differences in the length of labor stages, cesarean section rate, Apgar scores or umbilical artery pH. Fifty percent of the patients failed to respond to nipple stimulation after 30 minutes and were switched to oxytocin. These patients experienced a more rapid rate of cervical dilation in the active phase and reached higher maximal uterine activity with oxytocin stimulation; however, the cesarean section rate was highest in this group. Nipple stimulation with a breast pump appears to be a safe and effective alternative to oxytocin for the augmentation of labor.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The pendular nipple. Technic of correction].

In some women, particularly of African origin, the nipple may droop to the point of justifying the name of "pendular nipple". The author proposes a triangular resection of the areola and nipple maintained by the point with resection of its length. A previously raised graft is applied to the raw surface to give a normal appearance and colour.

Breast↗
PubMed1989

Nipple and areola reconstruction.

Nipple-areola reconstruction is an integral part of breast reconstruction. Optimum results are usually obtained when nipple-areola reconstruction is staged after the breast mound has attained its final shape and is well vascularized. The use of intradermal tattoo allows the use of a variety of nonpigmented donor sites. Women report that reconstruction of the nipple-areola enhances their overall satisfaction with breast reconstruction. The knowledgeable and skilled nurse is a valuable member of the professional team during this final phase of breast reconstruction.

Breast↗
PubMed1989

[A scirrhous carcinoma of the nipple suspected of being Paget's disease].

Discussed is a 38-year-old woman, whose chief complaints were an eczema-like lesion and itching of the nipple in the left breast. Thus, Paget's disease was suspected, and touch cytology and a cytological biopsy of an aspirated specimen were done. The results indicated a class II and class V status, respectively. A radical mastectomy, therefore, was performed immediately. Macroscopic findings of the resected tissue showed no tumor in the nipple or in the mammary gland. A histological examination led to the determination of a scirrhous carcinoma of the nipple. Seventeen months after the operation, the patient has had no recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1986

Florid papillomatosis of the nipple. A study of 51 patients, including nine with mammary carcinoma.

The present study was undertaken to review the pathology of florid papillomatosis (FP) of the nipple and to examine the relationship of FP to breast carcinoma. Clinical features of 49 women studied did not differ appreciably from those noted on prior reports, except that in one instance the lesion was probably congenital. Histologically, three distinct growth patterns were found: sclerosing papillomatosis (17 cases), papillomatosis (12 cases), and adenosis (3 cases). In 17 other cases, mixtures of these proliferative patterns were seen. FP with the sclerosing papillomatosis pattern more frequently had areas of focal necrosis in hyperplastic ducts and scattered mitoses, features that might be interpreted as evidence of carcinoma. No prognostic significance can be attributed to these patterns, since all types were cured by excision with follow-up that averaged 8.3 years. Seven of the 49 women had carcinoma in the same breast as FP: Two women had invasive carcinoma that appeared to arise from FP, and four women had concurrent invasive carcinomas that were separate from the FP; the seventh woman developed diffuse intraductal carcinoma 10 years after FP was excised from the same breast. Three of the seven women were also treated for contralateral breast carcinoma. Also reviewed were lesions from two men who had carcinoma arising in FP. One had intraductal carcinoma with Paget's disease and the other had invasive carcinoma. Appreciation of the diverse histological patterns of FP may be helpful in avoiding an erroneous diagnosis of carcinoma. Features indicative of carcinoma arising in FP are Paget's disease and areas of invasion. FP of the nipple is rarely the substrate for mammary carcinoma and is adequately treated by local excision. Coexistence with carcinoma elsewhere in the same or opposite breast occurs often enough to warrant thorough examination of the breasts when FP of the nipple is diagnosed. The risk of subsequent carcinoma following excision of FP appears to be low, but clinical follow-up is prudent.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[A new technic of nipple reconstruction].

Many methods of reconstruction of the nipple have been described in the last few years, but none are completely satisfactory. The main objectives are reconstruction, size, forward projection of the nipple, and pigmentation of the areola comparable to the other side. The combination of a local dermal flap and a full-thickness skin graft from the inner thigh provides a solution to the problem while avoiding any interference with the opposite nipple.

Breast↗
PubMed1986

Reconstruction and/or salvage of nipple projection.

A simple method of creating nipple projection in flattened nipple-areola complexes is presented. The results required, on average, 14 months of follow-up, with very good projection and general appearance in all patients. This technique eliminates the unnecessary surgical gymnastics of other methods when obtaining nipple projection.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nipple-areola reconstruction: a review of techniques.

Various techniques of reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex are reviewed. An analysis of the criteria for an aesthetically pleasing nipple-areola complex is made. Symmetry appears to be the single most important factor in achieving the objective. More than color, texture, or the amount of projection, symmetry appears to provide the best overall result. Those techniques that treat areolae in identical fashion are more likely to produce symmetry. Reducing the normal nipple size not only provides donor tissue but reduces the problem of projection, which otherwise interferes with achievement of symmetry.

Breast↗
PubMed1984

Nipple-areola reconstruction.

Nipple-areola reconstruction from nonspecialized tissues is presented as a worthwhile component of breast reconstruction. General principles are discussed, as are specific techniques for reconstruction of the areola and the nipple. The author's method is recommended as the most efficient use of local tissue for nipple reconstruction in the prosthetic breast, where skin and fat are both in short supply.

Breast↗
PubMed1980

[Reimplantation of the areola and nipple in mastectomy operations for breast carcinoma].

The technique for the application of areola and nipple in the mastectomy for the mammary carcinoma is proposed. It is pointed out that the preservation of the nipple with its areola is psychologically important for the patient. It is also showed how the application of a silicone prosthesis, volumetrically restoring the extirpated tissue, is afterwards possible. During the operation, a disk of tissue is drawn under nipple and areola and histologically tested; if this tissue certainly results without neoplastics cells, the reapplication is achieved.

Breast↗