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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Human papillomavirus type 16 E6, E7, and L1 variants in cervical cancer in Indonesia, Suriname, and The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) has several intratypic variants, and some are associated with enhanced oncogenic potential. For risk determination as well as for future vaccine development, knowledge about variants is important. Regarding the geographical distribution of HPV variants and the lack of data from Indonesia and Suriname, we studied the prevalence of HPV 16 variants in cervical cancer in these high incidence countries. Data were compared with The Netherlands, a low-risk country. METHODS: DNA samples from 74 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded HPV 16-positive cervical carcinomas from Indonesia (Java, N = 22), Suriname (N = 25), and The Netherlands (N = 27) were amplified using primers specific for the E6, E7, and part of the L1 regions. Products were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS: A specific Javanese variant, with mutations 666A in E7 and 6826T in L1, was found in 73% of the Indonesian samples, 56% having an additional mutation in the E6 open reading frame (ORF; 276G), giving the predicted amino acid change N58S. This Javanese variant was also found in three Surinamese samples, which reflects what could be expected from migration of Javanese people to Surinam. Other non-European variants were identified in Indonesian, Surinamese, and Dutch samples in 14%, 28%, and 19%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The majority of the HPV 16-positive cervical cancers in Indonesia are caused by a specific intratypic variant that was rarely found before in other countries.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Burn injuries in The Netherlands.

The amount and type of burn injuries in The Netherlands are described using Surveillance Systems on treatments at an Accident and Emergency (A&E) department, hospital admissions and fatal injuries and a national survey (to asses treatments by a general practitioner). These data show an estimated 420 persons/year/100,000 inhabitants that are medically treated for burn injuries due to home and leisure accidents in The Netherlands. Fifty percent of all burn injuries concern scalds. But almost all the fatal injuries are caused by fire and flames. From this analysis, three risk groups were identified. Children aged 0-4 and elderly above 84 years have the highest risk of getting admitted to the hospital because of burn injuries. Among the children admitted to hospital, 75% suffer scalds. For injuries treated at an A&E department, people aged 15-24 years appear to have a higher incidence than average. Through a series of surveys among these risk groups, we were able to describe main accident scenarios of burn injuries and their causes. Among young children, 80% of all scald injuries are caused by pushing down or dropping a hot liquid. Parents most frequently reported lack of the supervision (e.g. attention distracted by others) to be one of the causes of the injury. Among the age group 15-29 years and the elderly, most injuries occur during cooking. Clumsiness and inattention are major causes of injuries among young adults. Among the elderly, a quarter of all victims reported health problems or handicaps to be a cause of their injury. Based on the results of our analysis, preventive measures were suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Using the nursing minimum data set for the Netherlands (NMDSN) to illustrate differences in patient populations and variations in nursing activities.

RATIONALE: A nursing minimum data set (NMDS) provides data that are useful to legitimate nurses' contribution to healthcare. In Belgium and the US, such NMDS are operational, other countries are developing it, among which is the Netherlands. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the nursing minimum data set for the Netherlands (NMDSN) is suitable to describe the diversity of patient populations and the variability of nursing care. METHODOLOGY: Using the NMDSN data collection forms, patient data were collected from 15 different hospital wards. During one week, nurses manually completed the NMDSN list for every patient. The data analysis methodology from the Belgian MVG was used, including ridit analysis and graphs. RESULTS: The NMDSN includes items related to hospital, patient demographics, medical condition, nursing process, nursing phenomena, nursing interventions, outcomes of nursing care, and complexity of care. There were 686 individual patients in the study, while for the data analysis their 2090 patient days in the hospital were used. Frequencies of nursing phenomena, nursing activities and results of care were calculated, transformed into ridit scores, and presented graphically as 'fingerprints'. CONCLUSION: The set of NMDSN items allows illustrating the diversity of patient populations, and variation in nursing care by means of 'fingerprints'.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Effect of nationwide vaccination of 3-month-old infants in The Netherlands with conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: high efficacy and lack of herd immunity.

OBJECTIVE: The effect of nationwide vaccination in The Netherlands with conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine on the incidence of H. influenzae meningitis was assessed in the first 3 years after the introduction of vaccination to the birth cohort at 3 months of age. STUDY DESIGN: Children in The Netherlands born after April 1, 1993, were vaccinated at the age of 3, 4, 5, and 11 months. Children older than 3 months at the inception of the H. influenzae type b vaccination program were not immunized. The number of cases among the vaccine cohort was compared with the number in a historical control group of children born in the period April 1, 1990, and April 1, 1993. RESULTS: The total number of patients with meningitis caused by H. influenzae type b reached a low, but constant level, that was expected for absence of herd immunity. Among children in the vaccine era group 22 cases occurred, whereas among the historical control group (prevaccine era) 342 cases were found. In the vaccine era cohort, 2 patients with H. influenzae type b meningitis had been vaccinated three times, 13 received one or no vaccine dose because of their age, and 7 were not vaccinated for religious or logistic reasons. The number of cases among nonvaccinated children older than 3 years and the number of H. influenzae meningitis cases caused by strains other than type b did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Conjugate H. influenzae type b vaccine prevents H. influenzae type b meningitis very effectively (99.4%) in children vaccinated twice or more. To reach rapid prevention of all H. influenzae type b disease simultaneous introduction of H. influenzae type b vaccination of children at various ages is recommended.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1995

Interstitial cystitis in The Netherlands: prevalence, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic preferences.

PURPOSE: We determine the prevalence of interstitial cystitis in The Netherlands, and analyze the most common diagnostic and therapeutic approaches among Dutch urologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was completed by urologists and analyzed with the help of a statistical computer program. RESULTS: The prevalence of interstitial cystitis was calculated to be 8 to 16/100,000 female patients. Pathology of bladder biopsies and the presence of mast cells were the main diagnostic criteria. Dimethyl sulfoxide instillations, bladder hydrodistension and surgery were the most frequently applied therapies. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of interstitial cystitis in The Netherlands is in line with that of other reports from Europe but low compared to the United States findings. The importance of pathology and the presence of mast cells in the diagnosis, as well as less awareness might contribute to this difference.

Cystitis, Interstitial↗
PubMed2000

Waning immunity and sub-clinical infection in an epidemic model: implications for pertussis in The Netherlands.

In The Netherlands, an epidemic outbreak of pertussis took place in 1996-1997. Understanding of the causes of the epidemic is hampered by the fact that many cases of infection with Bordetella pertussis go by unnoticed, and by the fact that immunity against infection does not last lifelong. Motivated by these observations, we develop and analyze an age-structured epidemic model that takes these factors into account. A distinction is made between infection in immunologically naive individuals, and infection in individuals whose immune system has been primed before by infection or vaccination. While the former often lead to severe symptoms and thus are more often diagnosed and notified, the latter are largely sub-clinical. The main questions are: (1) to what extent do sub-clinical infections contribute to the circulation of B. pertussis; and (2) what might be the causes for the recent epidemic? To answer these questions, we first present a new method to estimate the force of infection from notification data. The method is applied to the 1988-1995 case notification data from The Netherlands. Estimates of the force of infection vary greatly, depending on the rate at which immunity is lost, and on the fraction of sub-clinical infections. For the 1988-1995 period, our analysis indicates that if immunity is lost at a small rate and if a majority of infections is sub-clinical, the contribution of infection in adults to the transmission process cannot be neglected. Our results furthermore indicate that a decrease in the duration of protection after vaccination due to a change in the pathogen is the most likely factor to account for the 1996-1997 epidemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Underreporting of maternal mortality in The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the actual number of maternal deaths in The Netherlands by determining the degree of underreporting. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide, retrospective cross-check of the three available maternal mortality registration systems and issued a questionnaire to senior obstetricians in all hospitals during the years 1983-1992. RESULTS: The officially reported maternal mortality rate during the study period was 7.1 per 100,000 live births (133 maternal deaths per 1,862,985 live births). After completion of the study, our data indicate that the rate should be at least 9.7 per 100,000 live births (180 maternal deaths). Early pregnancy and indirect deaths were more likely to be underreported than direct deaths during labor and the puerperium. Failure to register the recent pregnancy on the death certificate was a frequent problem. Misclassification was particularly evident for cerebrovascular disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and eclampsia. CONCLUSION: The level of underreporting of maternal mortality in The Netherlands was estimated at 26%. The pregnancy status of women should be registered on death certificates. Officially reported maternal mortality rates are unreliable and international comparisons using these data thus are less meaningful.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2000

Cancer survival rates and GDP expenditure on health: a comparison of England and Wales and the USA, Denmark, Netherlands, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Switzerland in the 1990s.

Health funding is central to public health planning and clinical practice, hence this comparison of GDP health expenditure and five year post-diagnostic cancer survival rates of England and Wales with the USA and eight European countries. The three lowest proportional GDP health expenditures over the period 1980-1990 were Denmark, England and Wales, and Spain. The USA had the highest proportional GDP expenditure, followed by France, Germany, and The Netherlands. Overall the USA had the best cancer survival rates in the 14 sites reviewed, followed by Switzerland, The Netherlands, and Germany. The least successful were Spain, England and Wales, and Italy. In respect to the high incidence cancers, colorectal, lung, and female breast cancers, England and Wales survival rates were the poorest of all ten countries, followed by Denmark and Spain. Higher GDP health expenditure and longer survival rates for each gender were significantly correlated indicating a possible association between fiscal input and clinical outcomes, which poses problems for the development of effective public health.

Denmark↗
PubMed2003

Geochemistry of some rare earth elements in groundwater, Vierlingsbeek, The Netherlands.

Groundwater samples were taken from seven bore holes at depths ranging from 2 to 41m nearby drinking water pumping station Vierlingsbeek, The Netherlands and analysed for Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu. Shale-normalized patterns were generally flat and showed that the observed rare earth elements (REE) were probably of natural origin. In the shallow groundwaters the REEs were light REE (LREE) enriched, probably caused by binding of LREEs to colloids. To improve understanding of the behaviour of the REE, two approaches were used: calculations of the speciation and a statistical approach. For the speciation calculations, complexation and precipitation reactions including inorganic and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compounds, were taken into account. The REE speciation showed REE(3+), REE(SO(4))(+), REE(CO(3))(+) and REE(DOC) being the major species. Dissolution of pure REE precipitates and REE-enriched solid phases did not account for the observed REEs in groundwater. Regulation of REE concentrations by adsorption-desorption processes to Fe(III)(OH)(3) and Al(OH)(3) minerals, which were calculated to be present in nearly all groundwaters, is a probable explanation. The statistical approach (multiple linear regression) showed that pH is by far the most significant groundwater characteristic which contributes to the variation in REE concentrations. Also DOC, SO(4), Fe and Al contributed significantly, although to a much lesser extent, to the variation in REE concentrations. This is in line with the calculated REE-species in solution and REE-adsorption to iron and aluminium (hydr)oxides. Regression equations including only pH, were derived to predict REE concentrations in groundwater. External validation showed that these regression equations were reasonably successful to predict REE concentrations of groundwater of another drinking water pumping station in quite different region of The Netherlands.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1997

Environmental risk assessment of musk ketone and musk xylene in The Netherlands in accordance with the EU-TGD.

An environmental risk assessment has been carried out for musk ketone and musk xylene according to the EU Technical Guidance Document for Environmental Risk Assessment for New and Existing Substances [1]. Musk ketone and musk xylene are used in fragrances for cosmetics and household products. For the fragrance industry these are important fragrance ingredients because of their excellent substantivity as well as for their unique smell, which determines largely the odor of a product. The initial environmental risk assessment is based on information provided by the fragrance industry as represented in the Netherlands by its association NEA, by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) and data reported in the international open literature. The risk assessment includes and evaluation of the risks for aquatic organisms in surface water and sediment and for soil organisms in soil after application of sewage sludge. Secondary poisoning of fish-eating birds and mammals is considered as well. For each compartment the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) is compared to the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) to obtain PEC/PNEC ratios. Since monitoring data are available in water, sediment and fish, similar ratios are obtained with measured concentrations instead of the predicted ones. For both substances, PEC/PNEC ratios are at or below 0.1 for organisms in the aquatic environment, including sediment organisms. PEC/PNEC ratios for fish-eating predators are 0.01. Ratios based on monitoring data are below 0.01 for all of these organisms. For soil organisms the PEC/PNEC ratio is 0.5 for musk ketone and 1.3 for musk xylene. Although in the Netherlands (as well as in some other European countries), sewage sludge presently finds no application as fertilizer on agricultural soil, the aim of environmental policy is to upgrade the sludge quality to enable future applications on agricultural and grassland. The reliability of the predicted soil concentrations can be greatly improved by obtaining experimental data on fate and behaviour of musk ketone and musk xylene in digested sludge and soil. The risk assessment provides reassurance for the aquatic compartment while pointing the way for obtaining additional data for the soil compartment.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Toxicity assessment of organic compounds in drinking water in the Netherlands.

In a recent survey of organic compounds present in drinking water of twenty cities in The Netherlands, it was found that only a minor fraction (10%) of the total organic content could be identified. It appeared that drinking water prepared from polluted surface water contains more organic compounds with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties than water prepared from groundwater. The concentration of most of the organic constituents identified was generally below the microgram/litre level. It is not expected that circumstances will occur, that these compounds will be present in quantities, which are acutely toxic for consumers. On the other hand it cannot be excluded that certain organic compounds, in particular carcinogens and mutagens, may cause chronic toxic effects as a result of life time consumption of such contaminated drinking water. Therefore an epidemiological study was started in The Netherlands in which cancer mortality was related to the raw water source used for drinking water and the level of organic constituents. Preliminary results of the epidemiological study are presented. Furthermore a limited survey was carried out whereby drinking water of six cities was investigated for the presence of organic genotoxic compounds. The results of this survey led to the decision to extend this investigation to 19 cities. Finally, preliminary results regarding the characterization of the organic genotoxic compounds, present in drinking water, will be discussed.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed2003

A pharmacoeconomic comparison of the efficacy and costs of pantoprazole and omeprazole for the treatment of peptic ulcer or gastroesophageal reflux disease in The Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: The focus of treatment of patients with peptic ulcer or gastroesuphageal reflux disease has changed during the last 15 years, with a shift from histamine2-receptor antagonists to proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). From 1993 to 2000, expenditures for omeprazole (90% of total market share of PPIs) increased in The Netherlands from 68 million euros to 230 million euros. In 1999, expenditures for pantoprazole accounted for the majority of the rest of the market share for PPIs. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and costs of treatment with pantoprazole and omeprazole in The Netherlands. METHODS: First, we reviewed clinical studies that compared the efficacy of different dosages of omeprazole and pantoprazole. Second, we analyzed data from a nationwide database of drug prescriptions to determine the dosages used in daily practice in 1999. The data were based on a representative sample of approximately 40% of the Dutch community pharmacies. Third, we modeled the outcome of potential substitution of pantoprazole for omeprazole and the corresponding scenarios for nationwide cost savings using the prescription information from the nationwide database. Potential savings within the Dutch health care system were estimated. RESULTS: The 1999 prescription data indicated that pantoprazole treatment cost a mean 1.59 euros/d, compared with 2.12 euros/d for omeprazole (1.00 euro = 1.0487 US dollars). The mean cost per defined daily dose of omeprazole was 1.65 euros, compared with 1.59 euros for pantoprazole. Following the summary of product characteristics, treatment with pantoprazole appeared to be less costly for all indications. The projected annual cost savings for substituting pantoprazole for omeprazole on 90% of treatment days were estimated at 40.8 million euros. However, these projected savings may be offset by the costs of switching and the costs of upward dose adjustments that some patients may require. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available documentation about effectiveness and costs of omeprazole and pantoprazole, pantoprazole may provide a more favorable pharmacoeconomic profile than omeprazole. However, this is only true if the substitution of omeprazole by pantoprazole can be achieved without loss of efficacy or tolerability.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2004

Cost-benefit analysis of capecitabine versus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in the treatment of colorectal cancer in the Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and has been studied for the treatment of colorectal cancer. In 2 Phase III trials, capecitabine was at least as effective as 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin and had a more favorable toxicity profile. OBJECTIVE: A cost-benefit analysis was used to assess the pharmacoeconomic profile of capecitabine compared with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, given according to the Mayo regimen, for colorectal cancer patients treated in the Netherlands. METHODS: The medical files of patients treated for colorectal cancer at a single center from 1999 to 2002 were examined to determine the numbers of outpatient visits for 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin administration, health care use and medication to manage adverse effects, and travel distance to and from the hospital. The costs of capecitabine treatment were simulated by assuming that the same patients were treated with capecitabine instead of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Toxicity data for capecitabine were derived from 2 Phase III studies that compared capecitabine and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. RESULTS: The files of 65 patients were reviewed. Thirty-two patients received adjuvant treatment and 33 patients were treated palliatively for metastatic disease. The mean total costs of palliative treatment were Euro 4004 with capecitabine and Euro 5614 with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. These results were robust in sensitivity analyses. The cost savings were primarily related to the number of outpatient visits for capecitabine versus the number of day-care treatment days for 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, despite the higher acquisition costs of capecitabine. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this analysis, treatment of colorectal cancer with oral capecitabine is cost saving in the Netherlands compared with 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin administered according to the Mayo regimen. Baseline savings were estimated at Euro 1610 for palliative treatment and Euro 934 for adjuvant treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

A study of 280 cases of neonatal meningitis in The Netherlands.

Within the framework of a more extensive study of the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in The Netherlands (1976-1982), 280 cases of neonatal meningitis were investigated retrospectively. Escherichia coli (132 cases, 47%), Streptococcus agalactiae (68 cases, 24%), Listeria monocytogenes (12 cases, 4%) were the organisms most commonly isolated. The mortality rate for these 280 cases was 27%. The male-female ratio was 1.33:1. The minimum incidence for The Netherlands was calculated to be 23 per 100 000 live births.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

The incidence of bacterial meningitis in the Netherlands--a comparison of three registration systems, 1977-1982.

Data on the incidence of bacterial meningitis (BM) in the Netherlands are important for a cost-benefit analysis of new effective vaccines. During the period 1977-1982 we compared the notifications of meningococcal meningitis, diagnoses on discharge from hospital of all causes of BM (Stichting Medische Registratie, Medical Registration Foundation; SMR) and bacteriological data (Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis; RBM). Notifications of meningococcal meningitis were 42% lower than SMR-data. RBM-registration of meningococcal, haemophilus and pneumococcal meningitis was 20% lower than SMR. Reviewing patient-records we found that these diseases had not been reported in 16% (RBM) and 11% (SMR) of cases. We estimate the incidence of BM during an endemic period at 8.0 per 100 000 population per year, to which the meningococcus contributes 20-25%. In children under 5 years of age the age-specific incidence of haemophilus meningitis is 22/100 000.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Lithium concentrations in plasma of lithium-treated psychiatric patients in the Netherlands: commentary on Cusin et al.

Seasonal variations in 68 psychiatric patients receiving prophylactic lithium treatment in the Netherlands between 1974 and 1994 were analyzed and compared with findings from Italy. Although lithium doses remained stable, there was a significant change in plasma levels of lithium, with values in spring and summer tending to exceed those in autumn and winter. These findings are similar to those reported in Italy, although the maximal seasonal change was approximately 5% in the Netherlands compared with approximately 10% in Italy. The difference could reflect the hotter summer climate in Italy, associated with increased perspiration. Future studies should measure perspiration levels directly.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Differential immune response to gangliosides in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients from Japan and The Netherlands.

Anti-ganglioside antibodies are consistently found in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients from different geographical parts of the world. Several studies indicated differences in relative frequencies of anti-ganglioside reactivity and isotype distribution between GBS patients from Asia and from Europe. We investigated antibody reactivity against the gangliosides GM1, GM1b and GalNAc-GD1a in GBS patients from Japan and The Netherlands in two different laboratories. The proportion of GBS patients with anti-ganglioside antibodies did not differ between the two countries. GBS patients from The Netherlands more frequently had cross-reacting anti-GalNAc-GD1a/anti-GM1b antibodies and a stronger IgM anti-ganglioside response. Our findings indicate that geographical determined factors, dependent on either the host or the triggering infectious agent, determine the isotype distribution and fine specificity of anti-ganglioside antibodies in GBS patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in The Netherlands in 2001.

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Great Britain was reported on 21 February 2001, followed by an outbreak of FMD in The Netherlands a month later. This Dutch index outbreak occurred on a mixed, veal-calf/dairy-goat farm in Oene, in the central part of The Netherlands. The most-likely route of infection was the import of Irish veal-calves to this Dutch herd via an FMD-contaminated staging point in France. With hindsight, more herds seemed to be infected by the time the index outbreak was confirmed. The regular EU control measures were implemented, in combination with pre-emptive culling of herds within 1km of each outbreak. Nevertheless, more outbreaks of FMD occurred. Most of the virus infections on those farms were "neighborhood infections". Because the situation seemed out of control locally and the destruction capacity became insufficient, it was decided to implement an emergency vaccination strategy for all biungulates in a large area around Oene to stop further spread of the virus. All susceptible animals on approximately 1800 farms in this area were vaccinated. All farms subsequently were depopulated, starting from 2 weeks after vaccination. In total, 26 outbreaks were detected (the last outbreak on 22 April 2001). In total, approximately 260,000 animals were killed.

Animals↗