Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Medication Systems”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

MEDINFO--a medical information system.

The MEDINFO (MEDical INFOrmation) system is a general purpose computer-based information storage, retrieval, and analysis system. It is designed for a time sharing, on-line computer system for the rapid and easy creation, maintenance, and analysis of general data files. A wide variety of types of information may be used. These include numeric, categoric, text, date, and multiple-response. The file structure allows several sets of data, including date-orientated data, to be used. MEDINFO permits a study to be created, a description of the data made, data to be entered and updated into records, and for the data to be displayed or analyzed by the investigator without programmer intervention.

Computers↗
PubMed1997

An experimental electronic medical-record system with multiple views on medical narratives.

In this article we describe a prototype electronic medical-record system that has been developed specifically to facilitate searching through medical narratives, as part of a preparatory study to the development of a medical workstation. This system contains a searching structure in which several views on the medical data are combined. We describe the structure of the database and the user-interface. A second design goal was to prepare the system for conducting research with respect to the use of the medical record. We address the kind of test designs the system can support and describe the research module that was implemented. We also describe a study we conducted with the system and report part of its results. We discuss the significance of this medical-record system compared to systems in the literature, some technical and functional problems encountered, and our future plans with the system.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Legal issues related to medical decision support systems.

The use of computer-based decision support programs in medicine will result in litigation when adverse health care outcomes affect patients. This paper reviews how the United States legal system is likely to handle such cases. To date, there is minimal direct experience with such cases in the American legal system. Medical decision support systems are more likely to be viewed as tools used by physicians in providing a service to patients than as products owned by patients. Therefore, it is fairly certain that the negligence principles applied in medical malpractice cases will also be applied in cases involving computer-based medical decision support systems. Only under special circumstances will principles of strict product liability apply. As there are no existing standards, and medical decision support programs are hybrids having characteristics of both services and products, future litigation will be handled on a case by case basis.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1987

Catastrophic disasters and the design of disaster medical care systems.

The National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) is aimed at medical care needs resulting from catastrophic earthquakes, which may cause thousands of deaths and injuries. Other geophysical events may cause great mortality, but leave few injured survivors. Weather incidents, technological disasters, and common mass casualty incidents cause much less mortality and morbidity. Catastrophic disasters overwhelm the local medical care system. Supplemental care is provided by disaster relief forces; this care should be adapted to prevalent types of injuries. Most care should be provided at the disaster scene through supplemental medical facilities, while some can be provided by evacuating patients to distant hospitals. Medical response teams capable of stabilizing, sorting, and holding victims should staff supplemental medical facilities. The NDMS program includes hospital facilities, evacuation assets, and medical response teams. The structure and capabilities of these elements are determined by the medical care needs of the catastrophic disaster situation.

Disasters↗
PubMed1991

HF-Explain: a natural language generation system for explaining a medical expert system.

Causal models have been used, with considerable success, to reason in the medical domain. While these systems typically have a robust reasoning mechanism and knowledge base about their specific area of expertise, their ability to satisfactorily explain their results in a meaningful, coherent and concise manner has been less impressive then their diagnostic capabilities. This paper describes a program, HF-Explain, that generates natural language explanations of one such system--the Heart Failure Program. HF-Explain, is loosely based on work done by McKeown in the Text system, using augmented transition networks (ATN) as a formalism to guide the explanation process. The result is a coherent, concise, accurate and rich explanation of Heart Failure Programs' diagnostic hypotheses.

Cardiac Output, Low↗
PubMed1990

Application of a network structure in a knowledge-based system for medical diagnostics.

Systems supporting diagnostic decision making have been designed more often on the base of production rules than on semantic nets. One reason for that might be that concepts to process information on the latter structures are still rare. In this study the application of a semantic net is described. Via creation of various views, different sets of information are defined, depending on their meaning in the semantic net. Projections, which are in general a combination of mappings and set operations, are used to infer a set of information from another. The developed system was written in Pascal, the semantic net was implemented using a network-like pointer structure. The concept has been used to develop PROJECTOR, an expert system for differential diagnosis based on a semantic net. The structure has turned out to be fast and compact enough to allow large amounts of data to be handled easily even with a personal computer.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2006

Improving medication administration systems: an evaluation study.

Medication errors are a universal health-care concern, and improving medication administration systems is important to enhance safety. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an existing unit dose system using a medication cart to a new system where medications are decentralized to a locked cupboard at the patient's bedside. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the medication administration systems. Data was collected using time studies to evaluate the efficiency of the two systems. This data included medication errors, missing doses and interruptions occurring during the medication preparation and administration process. Focus groups were conducted with nurses, pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to better understand the impact of changing systems. Study results demonstrated benefits associated with decentralizing the medication distribution to the bedside, including nurses spending more time with patients, nurses investing less time preparing and distributing medication and fewer interruptions for nurses as they prepared and distributed medication. Nurses and pharmacists associated the new system with enhanced patient safety and work satisfaction.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Are we ready for the Better Medication Management System?

The Better Medication Management System (BMMS) is an Australian project to provide electronic access to patient medication records. It aims to improve access to patient medication information and to reduce adverse drug events and hospital admissions. Evidence supporting the achievability of the BMMS aims is limited. Voluntary participation of patients in the BMMS may limit its ability to achieve its aims and capitalise on its potential benefits.

Australia↗
PubMed1991

Making the transition from information systems of the 1970s to medical information systems of the 1990s: the role of the physician's workstation.

Many hospitals today have implemented widely disparate information systems on mainframe and mini-computer hardware. The advent of network technology in hospitals has made it possible to access information in these systems. Unfortunately, the user interfaces to applications on these systems are unique and difficult to learn, which makes them unsuitable for use by clinical services. In this paper we describe the development of a Physician's Workstation which integrates information from multiple existing information systems and discuss how the workstation makes it possible to move from the departmental systems of the present to the computer-based medical record system of the future.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

The development of an outcomes management system for acute medical rehabilitation.

In 1993, Continental Medical Systems, Inc. (CMS), a provider of comprehensive medical rehabilitation, developed the Total Outcomes and Prediction Program (TOPP) to measure and evaluate key medical rehabilitation outcomes, quality indicators, and patient satisfaction at its 37 acute rehabilitation hospitals. The broad purposes of TOPP are to manage patient treatment, improve the cost-effectiveness of care, and provide outcomes reporting for managed care and other interested parties. The challenge was to develop a system which could measure, evaluate, and report medical rehabilitation patient outcomes in a way that could be easily understood by multiple audiences, including payers, accrediting organizations, physicians, patients and families, case managers, and CMS clinical staff. Using data from the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation database, CMS created descriptive outcomes reports for each hospital and for the corporation overall, including performance statistics, outcomes report cards, and quality report cards. These initial reports, as well as updates, quarterly reports, and special ad hoc requests, provide CMS corporate and hospital staff with statistically valid and reliable information to manage the outcomes of medical rehabilitation treatment. TOPP has assisted CMS with meeting accreditation standards for outcomes management and measurement and has been used in managed care contract negotiations. Future TOPP efforts will integrate resource use data, medical acuity and outcomes from acute, subacute, and outpatient rehabilitation levels into CMS' outcomes reporting system.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

An intravenous medication safety system: preventing high-risk medication errors at the point of care.

Improving medication safety at the point of care--particularly for high-risk drugs--is a major concern of nursing administrators. The medication errors most likely to cause harm are administration errors related to infusion of high-risk medications. An intravenous medication safety system is designed to prevent high-risk infusion medication errors and to capture continuous quality improvement data for best practice improvement. Initial testing with 50 systems in 2 units at Vanderbilt University Medical Center revealed that, even in the presence of a fully mature computerized prescriber order-entry system, the new safety system averted 99 potential infusion errors in 8 months.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1997

Ownership and governance of university teaching hospitals: let form follow function.

Under the best of circumstances, the complex decision-making and resource-allocation processes of a state university (and often of a variety of state agencies important to the university) significantly hinder the ability of the university-owned hospital to make changes critical to its financial and, hence, its programmatic success. At worst, as was the case for the University of Maryland Hospital a decade ago, the hospital can become capital-starved and operationally deficient under the bureaucratic mantle of the state and university and find itself unable to respond to the fast-changing market, placing its viability in jeopardy. To remedy this situation at the University of Maryland Hospital, in 1984 the state created a separate not-for-profit corporation, the University of Maryland Medical System ("the Medical system"), governed by its own board of directors, with a mandate to assure sound business practices, outstanding patient care, access to patients from across the state for tertiary care, access for the local disadvantaged community for comprehensive care, and attention to the academic mission of the university and its school of medicine. The results include strong financial performance, the ability to recapitalize outmoded facilities and technology, growth of strong programs, and the recruitment of excellent chairs and faculty. The Medical System's success suggests that university teaching hospitals, which necessarily depend on patient care revenues, may best be served by (1) removing them from university governance, thus allowing them to give primacy to their mission of patient care, and (2) removing them from state ownership, thus allowing them to use sound business practices in the competitive health care environment. The challenge under this arrangement is to ensure that the teaching hospitals can still support the educational and research programs that distinguish them. By establishing its independent, actively involved board of directors, the Medical System has successfully responded to this challenge.

Baltimore↗
PubMed1988

Introducing expert systems to medical students using ESTA, expert system teaching aid.

Medical students are allocated little curriculum time for exposure to expert systems. ESTA, a computer model of an expert system, was developed to make best use of this time. The nature of the students' interaction with ESTA is described, and their reactions to the expert system concepts and the place of expert systems in medicine are presented. A discussion of these reactions draws some conclusions about teaching expert systems in particular, and computers in general, in the basic medical course.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Differentiating between marketing-driven and technology-driven vendors of medical information systems.

Buyers of medical information systems such as laboratory information systems need to recognize that the vendors of such systems may pursue corporate strategies emphasizing expenditures on marketing and client services, expenditures on technology and research and development (R&D), or a more balanced approach. The strategic goals and objectives of a vendor of an information system should align closely with those of a potential hospital client. A restless hospital client seeking cutting-edge technology will probably be dissatisfied with a system vendor who emphasizes slow ongoing incremental system development. Objective criteria for distinguishing between a marketing-driven vendor and a technology-driven vendor of medical information systems, and their variants, are presented based on the ratio of marketing expenditures to sales revenue compared with the ratio of research and development expenditures to sales revenue of the company. More subjective narrative criteria are also offered for making such distinctions.

Hospitals↗
PubMed1976

Computerized medication monitoring system.

A computerized medication monitoring system for alerting and warning of potential adverse drug reactions is described. The system integrates computerized data on each hospital patient (medications, clinical laboratory, blood gas, ECG, ALLERGIES, DIAGNOSIs, etc.) and returns to the pharmacist warning messages and suggestions regarding patient drug therapy. The broad data base allows for nearly complete drug therapy monitoring. When a warning message is received, the pharmacist contacts the physician or nursing staff and explains the potential problem. The system also generates prescription labels and patient drug profiles which are used in a unit dose dispensing system. Five percent of 13,727 patients monitored have had drug alerts. Of these alterts, 44.9% were drug-laboratory contraindications and only 28.9% were drug-drug interactions. Of the 690 alerts received, 77% resulted in the physician changing the patient's therapy.

Computers↗
PubMed1987

On the use of statistics for representing the knowledge acquired from experts in a medical consulting system.

For making medical consulting systems, it is important and significant to select and devise the method for representing the knowledge acquired from professional experts. As quantities of data required for consultation are increasing according to the progress of medical science, we have to introduce some new kinds of statistics into a medical consultation system. From another point of view, since the process of diagnosis of experts is considered to be a kind of effective model for compressing (or condensing) data quantitatively and qualitatively, we discuss the use of statistics for representing the knowledge acquired from experts from the standpoint of data compression.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

HIPAA compliant auditing system for medical images.

As an official regulation for healthcare privacy and security, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates health institutions to protect health information against unauthorized use or disclosure. One such method proposed by HIPAA Security Standards is audit trail, which records and examines health information access activities. HIPAA mandates healthcare providers to have the ability to generate audit trails on data access activities for any specific patient. Although current medical imaging systems generate activity logs, there is a lack of formal methodology to interpret these large volumes of log data and generate HIPAA compliant auditing trails. This paper outlines the design of a HIPAA compliant auditing system (HCAS) for medical images in imaging systems such as PACS and discusses the development of a security monitoring (SM) toolkit based on some of the partial components in HCAS.

Computer Security↗