Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Mandatory Testing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Blood testing without consent: the right to privacy versus the right to know (Part 1).

There are a number of circumstances under which it may be argued that compulsory blood testing is justified. In the face of demands for the right to know, how does a hospital or other health care provider ensure that a patient's right to privacy is respected? Which right should prevail: the right to know or the right to privacy? This article reviews Canadian common law and Alberta legislation affecting blood testing for communicable diseases, considers the effect of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the charter) on legislation which imposes non-consensual blood testing and concludes that compulsory blood testing based upon reasonable and individualized suspicion of infection or demonstrated necessity may be upheld under the charter if it can be established that the results of such testing will be of significant use. However, in the majority of circumstances, it will be difficult to establish that non-consensual blood testing of patients is reasonably justified in a free and democratic society under the charter. Moreover, even if a health care provider could legally implement a mandatory blood testing policy, there are a number of good reasons not to do so.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1992

Legal and ethical issues in HIV testing, Part 2.

In part 1 of this two-part series, legal and ethical issues in HIV testing were examined, such as the ELISA test, informed consent, confidentiality, and mandatory vs. voluntary testing. In this article, the author presents the most important legal and ethical concerns related to legislation for testing, testing in the workplace, Centers for Disease Control guidelines and recommendations, ethical analysis, and implications for nurse executives.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1993

Drug and alcohol testing in the workplace: moral, ethical and legal issues.

The proponents of drug and alcohol testing advance several safety and productivity arguments in support of their position. It is asserted that persons who test positively for drug and alcohol at the workplace experience higher levels of absenteeism and use sick leave to a much greater extent than non-users. Moreover, it is claimed that they have levels of productivity from 10 to 60 per cent lower than persons who do not test positively for drugs or alcohol. Perhaps the greatest argument advanced by those in favour of testing, however, is the safety element. Persons who abuse drugs or who consume alcohol to excess are involved in significantly more accidents than those who test negatively. In other words, proponents take the position that persons who test positively for the presence of drugs or alcohol form a category of individuals and that being in this category is grounds for labelling them as problematic employees. Moreover, so the reasoning goes, the only way to find out if an employee is a member of the category of drug or alcohol users is to test. Opponents of alcohol testing feel that the goal of ensuring a drug- and alcohol-free workplace is reached at too high a social cost and that the testing process constitutes an unwarranted invasion of the privacy of the individual. The provision of urine for analysis is a search, which, if conducted without consent or reason, would constitute an assault. Some opponents to testing feel that the real motivation for testing is controlling employee behaviour. Enterprises impose behavioural constraints on employees that may extend to off-duty times. Moreover, it is advanced that the testing process itself is humiliating to many people. In order to obtain a sample for testing, the person being tested must urinate in the presence of an attendant or supervisor. Often, medical standards are not used. Another moral issue is the implication of discrimination as a result of drug or alcohol testing. Perhaps the greatest concern is the systemic discrimination against disabled persons, persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), visible minorities and pregnant women that testing may engender. Again, different countries have addressed the discrimination issue in varying ways. Finally, opponents to drug and alcohol testing question the need to test. It is asserted that all testing shows is that, at some point in time, the person being tested ingested the screened substance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Canada↗
PubMed1998

Pitfalls in industrial drug screening.

Physicians need to establish a protocol for drug testing. Drug testing is, by its nature, often adversarial. Despite the confusing lack of standardized methods for handling positive and negative industrial drug tests, both pre-employment and random, physicians must be methodical in adhering to basic principles of privacy and careful in the interpretation of positive results. Errors in handling drug testing have and will continue to lead to avoidable lawsuits.

Employment↗
PubMed1998

[Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (Gallavardin type): clinical and electrophysiological characteristics in 20 patients].

Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (RMVT) is defined by the presence of numerous monomorphic isolated, premature ventricular complexes, couplets, and runs of unsustained ventricular tachycardia having the same morphology in patients without structural heart disease. Patients with RMVT mostly demonstrate the typical left bundle branch block morphology with normal or rightward axis during tachycardia. At our institution, 20 patients with RMVT have been systematically studied: a syncope had occurred in 35% of our patients, in three cases a syncope was the first manifestation of the RMVT. Of our RMVT patients, 25% developed sustained episodes (> 3 min) of ventricular tachycardia as documented by Holter ECG. The salvos of ventricular tachycardia are generally short in RMVT. This behavior and the typical exercise dependence differentiates RMVT from paroxysmal sustained idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. Exercise testing is mandatory for correct diagnosis of RMVT. In our institution, 85-90% of RMVT patients demonstrated runs of ventricular tachycardia or sustained ventricular tachycardia while on a treadmill (exercise test) or during isoproterenol infusion. RMVT was inducible by programmed electrical right ventricular stimulation in only 13% of our patients. Therefore, in patients with suspected RMVT programmed electrophysiological stimulation is only useful to differentiate a ventricular tachycardia from a supraventricular tachycardia with bundle brunch block or in patients with unexplained syncope. The prognosis is considered generally good; in our patients no life threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias were observed during a follow-up of up to 4 years. Verapamil and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists generally offer symptomatic improvement. In some cases treatment with a class III antiarrhythmic agent is necessary. While drug-refractory paroxysmal sustained idiopathic ventricular tachycardia can be abladed with both immediate and long-term success, catheter ablation of RMVT is only rarely indicated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The issue of substance abuse in the health care industry. A preliminary survey of managerial thinking.

Substance abuse in the workplace has been a growing concern in recent years and ways to detect employees and applicants who use drugs has been the subject of much debate. In this article, the results of a survey on the attitudes of medical practice human resource managers on drug testing of both employees and applicants are given. For this study, 273 human resource managers were sent questionnaires detailing various attitude statements and were asked for their level of agreement. Categories of questions included the administrators' general philosophy of drug testing, their attitudes toward the organizational impact of drug testing, their attitudes toward the implementation of drug testing and their attitudes toward specific issues pertinent to drug testing in medical groups.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗