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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effect on compliance, acceptability of blood glucose self-monitoring and HbA(1c) of a self-monitoring system developed according to patient's wishes. The ACCORD study.

OBJECTIVES: To test a blood glucose monitor developed upon diabetic's recommendations (Glucotrend Premium). Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) generates hope when introduced, however several studies questioned its efficacy and many diabetics judge it too constraining. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty diabetes centres in France, for 6 months in 179 insulin-treated diabetics, using SMBG but non optimally and with HbA(1c) (>=130% of the upper limit). Randomisation to 3 groups: either their previous system (Group A), or to the Glucotrend Premium monitor with a memory to assess compliance (Group B), or to another monitor, new for the patient, and with a memory too, the One Touch Profile (Group C). At entry, and then at 3 and 6 months, patients had an acceptability and compliance questionnaire, HbA(1c), count of weekly hypoglycaemia, record of insulin doses and an assessment of the key compliance factors. RESULTS: HbA(1c) improved significantly in the 3 groups, more markedly in groups B (Glucotrend) and C (One Touch), e.g. - 0.6 +/- 1.1% (group A), - 0.9 +/- 1.2% (group B) and - 1.0 +/- 0.9% (group C) at M6. Acceptability was judged better for groups B and C, an additional benefit for Glucotrend: better accuracy vs laboratory blood glucose (C/L) determinations and a lower utilisation cost. Intermediate (lente) and regular insulin doses only significantly decreased (26% and 10% respectively) in group B (Glucotrend) despite a decrease in HbA(1c). Compliance (defined as 75-150% of recommended self-monitoring) improved within the 3 groups (from 34% to 65%), this improvement was maintained after month 3 (M6: 76%) only in group B (Glucotrend), vs a worsening in groups A and C (M6: 62 and 57% respectively). A better accuracy of C/L was observed with Glucotrend at M0, M3 and M6. CONCLUSION: SMBG has limits due to various causes, and to specific difficulties of this invasive and repetitive technique. The development of a system based on advices formulated by patients themselves, Glucotrend Premium, has resulted in a marked improvement on acceptability, compliance and glucose control.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Technical and methodologic aspects of ambulatory long-term blood pressure monitoring systems].

The development of noninvasive, portable blood pressure measuring units began in 1962 with semi-automatic devices and cassette recorders, followed by the first automatic unit in 1968 and the introduction of digital storage system in 1978. Systems in common use today consist of a portable, battery-driven blood pressure monitor and a print-out unit. In the following, the System 5200 from SpaceLabs, which has been in use for three years in our clinic, will be described. TECHNICAL ASPECTS: In a monitor unit, amplication and filtering of analogue data measured and differentiation between signal and noise is carried out. An A/D converter digitalizes the analogue data. An integrated microprocessor analyses measured data, regulates inflation and deflation of the cuff pressure, out-put of measured and calculated values on an LCD display and storage of data. Data from 200 measurements is stored in a 2K byte RAM CMOS system. A personal computer serves for programming the monitor and evaluation of the stored data. Blood pressure measurement is carried out auscultatory with a microphone or oscillometrically if Korotkoff sounds are not detected. If the signal is disturbed, measurement is repeated within two minutes. Blood pressure measurements are performed at freely-programmable intervals from six to 60 minutes; varying time intervals can also be chosen. AUSCULTATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT: A miniature pump integrated in the monitor inflates the cuff within a few seconds to a pressure of 160 mmHg or, on subsequent measurements, to 25 mmHg above the last recorded systolic value. On registration of Korotkoff sounds, the cuff pressure is increased in steps of 25 mmHg until the sounds disappear and then deflated in steps of 3 to 5 mmHg. On detection of the first Korotkoff sound, the instantaneous cuff pressure (which is converted to an electric signal by a transducer) is stored as the systolic value. Further deflation then occurs rapidly to 90 mmHg or 10 mmHg above the last measured diastolic value. With higher diastolic values, again, there is an increase in cuff pressure in steps of 25 mmHg until the onset of Korotkoff sounds and then renewed deflation in steps of 3 to 5 mmHg. On disappearance of the Korotkoff sounds, the prevailing cuff pressure is recorded and stored as the diastolic value (Figure 1). To register the Korotkoff sounds optimally, the microphone is positioned above the brachial artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1996

An automated plant monitoring system using machine vision.

A plant growth chamber equipped with a machine vision (MV) system was developed for the continuous, non-contact sampling and near-real-time evaluation of the top projected leaf area (TPLA) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, cv. Ostinata) seedlings. A rotary table enabled automatic, individual presentation of the lettuce plants to the imaging system. Hourly measurements were continuously made for 16 plants from the first true leaf stage through 30 days from seeding. A near-infrared radiation source illuminated the plants during the dark period, permitting measurements without interrupting the 12 hour photoperiod. Daily minimum hourly change of TPLA for the plants occurred from 3 to 4 hours after the start of the light period. Most rapid increase in TPLA occurred from 4 to 5 hours after the onset of the dark period. The machine vision system was capable of determining a plant physiological response to the nutrient stress within 24 hours of the change of the nutrient regime.

Ecological Systems, Closed↗
PubMed1985

Toward a unified monitoring system during anesthesia.

A conceptual framework is proposed for the selection of monitored parameters during anesthesia, and a new device for monitoring the parameters in a unified manner is briefly presented. A 'basic set' of 6 parameters is proposed to cover the needs of most routine anesthesia: Blood Pressure, ECG/Heart Rate, Temperature, FiO2, FetCO2, and, Cortical Activity (by EEG spectral analysis). Additional parameters are added in accordance with specified factors such as patient status and complexity of the surgical procedure. An initial version of a new monitor, 'Cerebro Trac', designed for neurosurgery and cardiovascular surgery, is briefly presented, along with planned future capabilities and directions for its use.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2000

An evaluation of a new continuous blood pressure monitoring system in critically ill patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if the DxTek monitor, which is a device that measures blood pressure (BP) noninvasively and continuously by means of pulse velocity and wave shapes derived from the pulse oximeter optical plethysmograph and electrocardiogram is as accurate as an oscillometric cuff device when compared with intraarterial BP measurement. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative study. SETTING: University Medical Center. PATIENTS: 28 intensive care unit patients. INTERVENTIONS: Blood pressures were reported every minute by intraarterial catheters and DxTek and every 10 minutes by an oscillometric monitor for 2 to 5 hours. DxTek calibration was performed initially and when specified patient manipulations by caretakers were performed (on average, every 100 minutes). Comparisons with intraarterial pressure included: 1) DxTek calibrated with arterial catheter pressure, 2) DxTek calibrated with oscillometric pressure, and 3) oscillometric pressure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: When comparing oscillometric pressure to intraarterial pressure, the averages of the mean differences (bias) were -4.0 mmHg for systolic (SBP) and < 1.5 mmHg for diastolic (DBP) and mean (MAP) pressures. The averages of the standard deviation of the differences (precisions) were 9.6, 6.4, and 6.3 mmHg, respectively. With the DxTek device calibrated to intraarterial pressure, comparison of the DxTek pressure to intraarterial pressure resulted in a bias < OR = 0.5 mmHg for all three pressures and an average precision of 10.1 mmHg for SBP, 6.0 mmHg for DBP, and 6.7 mmHg for MAP. With the DxTek device calibrated to the oscillometric pressure, the DxTek pressure compared to the intraarterial pressure resulted in average biases of -5.1, -0.8, and -2.2 mmHg and average precisions of 11.1, 7.7, and 8.1 mmHg for SBP, DBP, and MAP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The DxTek monitor provides continuous, noninvasive BP measurements with an accuracy comparable to oscillometric devices.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1991

Conjoined twins--an epidemiological study based on 312 cases. The International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems.

Data on conjoined twins have been collected from 14 different malformation monitoring programs around the world. Among over 28 million births, 312 cases were identified. After considering underascertainment in one large program, the best estimate of the incidence based on the sum of induced abortions and births is 1.3 per 100,000 births. The distribution according to type of twinning, the sex distribution (39% males) and the stillbirth rate (47%) are presented. The presence of malformations not directly related to the area of fusion is discussed. In three women, thyroid disease was present and five women had been treated for infertility before conception.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Organization of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance via local social-hygienic monitoring system].

State sanitary and epidemiological surveillance (SSES) centers have gained much experience in organizing sociohygienic monitoring (SHM). However, the common mechanism that may intrinsically combine SHM and SSES is lacking so far. The proposed model of the activities of SSES in the SHM system at the local management level may largely solve the facing problem and organize SSES in the local monitored area under the Russian Federation's Law "On Human Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being" under No. 52-[symbol: see text]3, passed on March 30, 1999.

Adult↗