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PubMed1976

The relationship of the house-dust mite to respiratory allergy.

1. The house-dust mite is a potent and important allergen. 2. 11.2% of patients with perennial respiratory allergy are allergic to the mite allergen and not to the various dust allergens. 3. 39.6% of the patients allergic to the allergens of house-dust are allergic to the allergen of the house-dust mites. 4. 23.7% of patients allergic to the allergens of house-dust are not allergic to the allergen of the house-dust mite. 5. 25.2% of patients with perennial respiratory allergy are not allergic to either the house-dust or mite allergens. 6. Endo, Center, or both dusts were negative in 222 cases, or 36.4%. 7.house-dust mites were negative in 297 cases, or 48.9%. 8. Positive intracutaneous skin tests with house-dust mite extract correlated with only 60.5% of the patients. Negative skin tests correlated with 67.3% of the patients.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Susceptibility of northern fowl mites in North Carolina to five acaricides.

The susceptibilities (dosage-response regression curves) of northern fowl mites collected from six poultry farms in North Carolina were determined for five acaricides by exposure of the mites for 24 hr to acaricide residues inside glass pipettes. The residue concentrations were expressed as parts per million on a weight-volume basis of the acaricide-acetone solution in which the pipettes were immersed prior to testing. All of the acaricides, except malathion, were highly toxic to the northern fowl mites. The mean LD50 values (ppm) were: permethrin, .53; tetrachlorvinphos, 4.06; carbaryl, 4.11; and coumaphos, 5.04. For malathion, the mean LD50 for mites from three caged layer flocks was 119.35 ppm while concentrations as high as 500 ppm gave only low mortalities (20% or less) of mites from the other flocks and LD50 values could not be calculated. These data show that northern fowl mites are highly resistant to malathion in North Carolina, as has been reported elsewhere, but there is no evidence of resistance to the other acaricides tested. The effect of temperature on the toxicity to northern fowl mites of the newest acaricide, permethrin, was determined. Permethrin was significantly more toxic at 20 C than at 25, 30, or 35 C.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Sensitization to non-pyroglyphid mites in urban population of Croatia.

AIM: Determination of prevalence of sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae (pyroglyphid mites), Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (non-pyroglyphid mites) in urban continental Croatia. METHODS: Specific IgE (sIgE) and skin prick test (SPT) for D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, L. destructor, and T. putrescentiae were performed in 67 men. SPT was performed with Epipharm-ALK allergens. A urtica (D+d)/2 of 3 mm or greater was considered a positive skin reaction. SIgE was measured by immunoCAP technology (UNI CAP). Values <0.35 kUA/L were considered nonspecific and >0.35 kUA/L increased. RESULTS: The prevalence of subjects with positive SPT was 35.8% for T. putrescentiae, 26.8% for L. destructor (26.8%), and 22. 4% for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae. The prevalence of increased sIgE for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae was 23.9%, followed by T. putrescentiae (22.4%), and L. destructor (14.9%). Among subjects with increased IgE to D. pteronyssinus there were also increased IgE for D. farinae in 94%, for T. putrescentiae in 75%, and for L. destructor in 50%. Mean urtica diameter differed only for L. destructor between nonspecific and increased sIgE values in subjects with positive SPT (3.7+/-0.7 mm vs. 6.2+/-2.8 mm; p = 0.004). Sensitization to storage mites was accompanied by respiratory symptoms in similar proportions as that to house dust mites (51.8% and 54.5%, respectively; p = 0.8527). CONCLUSION: Sensitization to non-pyroglyphid mites is present in the general urban population of Croatia in similar proportions as to pyroglyphid mites, with the same range of respiratory symptoms. Testing with storage mites should be considered routine allergological diagnostic procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Pet hamsters as a source of rat mite dermatitis.

Rat mite dermatitis is characterized by pruritic papules in a patient exposed to the tropical rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti. We report a case of a woman with rat mite dermatitis who developed this eruption after exposure to her pet hamster. Mites were collected from the hamster and identified as O bacoti. Reported sources of rat mites, as well as avian mites and other mites that bite humans, are reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Control of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in glasshouse roses.

Populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, can increase rapidly in glasshouse production, especially during summer. Both chemical and biological control must start at low densities for effective control. The combined efficacy of Phytoseiulus persimilis and the predatory midge, Feltiella acarisuga to control T. urticae on roses was evaluated in 2002. A second year rose crop (Rosa hybrida cv. First Red) was used for this experiment. Two glasshouse compartments of 200 m2 each were used, one was assigned for integrated control and the other for chemical control. The mite populations were monitored by bi-weekly analysis of 12 randomly selected harvestable flower stems, extracted on the Berlese funnel. Sticky plates (3 yellow and 3 blue/200 m2) were used for monitoring the Feltiella adults. End of January a population of +/- 2 spider mites/flower was present in both compartments. In the integrated control, the first Phytoseiulus were released on February the 7th, while the first release of Feltiella was on February the 20th. From week 7 till 13 the population of T. urticae increased exponentially to 90 spider mites/flower stem, while Phytoseiulus population was below one/flower stem. A treatment of fenbutatinoxide + hexythiazox (Torque + Nissuron) was necessary to reduce the spider mite population. A maximum number of predatory mite (4/flower stem) and predatory midge (106 adults/sticky plate) was found only 4 weeks later. A second increase of spider mite population occurred in week 27. Although 2 weeks later 3 predatory mites/flower stem were present, additional chemical treatment was necessary to control. A third and last increase of spider mite occurred in week 39. This last raise could be controlled effectively by Phytoseiulus and Feltiella. Chemical control in the second compartment was effective all-year-round with the exception of week 23 when a major increase up to 60 spider mites/flower stem was found. The applied biocontrol agents could not efficiently control spider mite in glasshouse rose. However, combined with selective insecticides they offer possibilities for IPM in glasshouse roses.

Acari↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mites of the family Cheyletidae (Acari: Prostigmata): phylogeny, distribution, evolution and analysis of parasite-host relationship].

A modern system, phylogeny, distribution and host parasite relationships of cheyletid mites (Acari: Prostigmatal Cheyletidae) is shortly discussed. According to the phylogenetic hypothesis proposed by Bochkov and Fain (2001), the family Cheyletidae includes now 15 tribes: Acaropsellini, Bakini, Cheletogenini, Cheletosomatini, Chelonotini, Cheyletiini, Cheyletiellini, Cheyletini, Cheletomorphini, Criokerontini, Metacheyletiini, Niheliini, Ornithocheyletiini, Teinocheylini and one unnamed tribe including the genera Caudacheles and Alliea. The parasitic Cheyletidae were primarily free-living predators, frequently associated with nests of vertebrates. These mites, being predators, have numerous preadaptations to the parasitic mode of life and they possess high ecological plasticity. Therefore it was quite easy for these mites to adapt to parasitism on the vertebrates. According to our phylogenetical hypothesis, the parasitism on vertebrates has arisen independently in several phylogenetic lines of the cheyletids associated with nests of vertebrates. Such transition from nest predation to true parasitism probably occurred repeatedly and at different times. The cheyletid mites are more widely represented on birds than on mammals. Possibly, it is in relation with a more early origin of parasitism in the cheyletids associated with bird nests than in the cheyletids associated with mammal nests. An independent origin of the parasitism in many different cheyletid phyletic lines, arisen significantly later than the origin of such a parasitic group as myobiid mites, is probably the main reason, which could explain the recent mosaic distribution of the Cheyletidae among the mammalian taxa. Parasitic associations between cheyletids and vertebrates are more common than the associations between these mites and the invertebrates. In the invertebrates, these associations are generally restricted to a phoresy. The zoogeographical analysis showed that this family as whole is characterised by the extremely low endemisms. The most part of the free-living cheyletid mites are associated with Holarctic region (87%) and, therefore, this family, probably, originated there.

Acari↗
PubMed1990

[The effects of six kinds of insecticides on gamasid mites].

The present paper reports on the results of six kinds including 14 chemical or biological insecticides on the gamasid mites. (1) Using organophosphorus compounds such as quinothion, supracide, bromochlophus, sumithion at a dose of 0.2g per m2, at a dose of 1 g per m2 abate, and malathion at a dose of 49 per m2, they were all sufficient to produce 100% mortality on the mites Eulaelaps stabularis; trichlorphon at a dose of 4g per m2 produced 96.4% kill of the mites. (2) Organochloride insecticide BHC containing 93% gamma HCH was not effective on the same mites. (3) at a dose of 0.1 g per m2 of pyrethroid; decis, all the Eulaelaps stabularis were knocked down immediately, but 87% of the mites recovered in 24 hours. (4) The acaricides and cycloprate, the molt-inhibiting hormone Su-urea No. 1 and No. 2, and Bacillus thuringiensis var, Isralensis had not effect on the mites Eulaelaps stabularis and/or Haemolae laps glasgowi, It is suggested that organophosphorus compounds should the insecticide of choice against the gamasid mites.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Studies of skin test on diagnosis of nasal allergy induced house dust and mites].

Skin test, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and nasal provocation test were carried out on 392 patients to detect house dust (HD) and mites as causative allergens. This study was undertaken to evaluate the difference between the results of skin test, RAST and nasal provocation test. The results were as follows: 1. The frequency of positive intradermal test to mites was high regardless of age. But possibility of false positive results existed and this possibility increased with the patient's age. 2. RAST to mites was significantly higher than that to HD. In diagnosing HD allergy, measuring RAST to mites was more useful than measuring that to HD. 3. In pediatric patients, it could be assumed that measuring RAST to mites was the most applicable technique for diagnosing HD and mites as causative allergens. 4. The combination of intradermal test to HD and scratch test to mites was considered to be a useful screening skin test in diagnosing HD allergy. 5. Both the end point and reaction criteria of intradermal test were significantly correlated with the results of RAST and nasal provocation test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

House dust mites in naval ships, military barracks, and homes in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia.

This survey was undertaken to determine the possible exposure of military personnel to house dust mites in ships, barracks, and homes in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia. During the period from April 1, 1982 through August 31, 1983, 524 dust samples were collected with vacuum cleaners. Mites were extracted from aliquots of dust, counted, and identified as to species and life stage. Dermatophagoides pterynssinus (European house dust mite) was more common in private homes, while Dermatophagoides farinae (North American house dust mite) was more common on ships. Berthing compartments had the highest density of mites of areas sampled aboard ships. There appears to be a trend between the density of personnel and mites. Ships had a smaller percentage of mite-infested samples than houses.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

House dust mites in Caracas, Venezuela.

An investigation of bedding dust fauna was carried out in Caracas, Venezuela. Mites were recovered from all samples. The average mite density of 15.6 mites/mg dust was among the highest reported worldwide. Pyroglyphid mites were the most frequent and abundant, and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the largest contributor to the total mite counts. It was also found that the storage mite Blomia tropicalis occurred in 96% of the samples examined and contributed an average of 15% of the total mites. The genera Tyrophagus and Tarsonemus were infrequent but occasionally large contributors to the bedding dust fauna. In our area, therefore, sensitivity to those abundant nonpyroglyphid mites should be routinely investigated in house dust-sensitive patients.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Annual fluctuations of mites and fungi in Danish house-dust: an example.

For one year dust was sampled monthly from a single mattress. Until August mite counts were at background levels. In September and October there was a burst in the counts for the house-dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae and for the house mite, Glycyphagus domesticus. Their occurrence might be interpreted as a response to large densities of an unidentified yeast in September. This yeast appeared when the indoor absolute humidity exceeded 9 g H2O/kg dry air. The mite Tarsonemus rakowiensis reached its maximum in October, and might be a possible house-dust mite predator, although the evidence is far from conclusive. An aliquot of ten grams of mattress dust sampled from a mite-free location on top of the mattress hardly became infested, although the environmental conditions were ideal. Obviously, the mattress dust from the dry room was not optimal for either the yeast or the mites.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between Dermatophagoides mite density and specific immune response in asthmatic patients.

Dermatophagoides mites were abundant in the beds of asthmatic patients of Calcutta, India, comprising more than 60% of the total mites isolated in the present study. The patients' bed dust harbored significantly more dense (P < .02) mite populations as compared with bed dust samples of control subjects. The patients' sera contained significantly higher (P << .001) IgE concentrations than the sera of the controls and the sera of 92% patients were found to have elevated IgE levels of more than 300 U/mL. Eighty-five and 82% of patients responded positively to Dermatophagoides mite allergen by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and skin prick test respectively, highlighting the importance of these mites in producing house dust allergy in Calcutta and its surrounding areas. The results indicate that with a tenfold increase in mite density in the patients' bed dust, the group mean serum IgE level increased considerably (P < .05). The increase in the total serum IgE and in the frequency of positive RASTs and prick tests to Dermatophagoides for allergic asthmatic patients correlated quite well with the increase in the specific mite density in their beds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Circulating immune complexes and anti-mite specific IgG antibody in status asthmatics--effects of methylprednisolone and analysis of an anti-complementary factor].

Serial changes of circulating immune complexes and anti-mite specific IgG antibody in the peripheral blood were measured eight times in six status asthmatics treated with high doses of methylprednisolone (MPS). Circulating immune complexes decreased to normal levels three hours after MPS administration. By contrast, anti-mite specific IgG antibody increased to beyond the normal range 14 days after MPS administration. Serum levels of IgE and allergen specific IgG4 antibody did not show any significant changes. In vitro experiments, circulating immune complexes in the sampled sera were decreased by an absorption test with anti-mite specific IgG antibody, and increased by reaction with an adequate volume of mite allergen. These facts indicate that circulating immune complexes are an anti-complementary factor working on the complement system, as previously reported, and that mite allergen and anti-mite IgG antibody relate to their conformation in status asthmatics. Clinically, MPS might possess an inhibitory effects on the formation of immune complexes and/or accelerate complement-dependent solubilization of antigen-antibody complexes, so that anti-mite specific IgG antibody increased markedly in the peripheral blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of dust and dust mite nasal provocation.

BACKGROUND: The relevance of positive epicutaneous tests to dust mite in patients with perennial rhinitis is often not apparent clinically. OBJECTIVE: We attempted to assess and compare intranasal challenges with both dust and dust mite allergens in skin test positive patients with perennial symptoms. METHODS: Thirteen patients allergic to both dust and dust mite by prick testing were challenged intranasally with each allergen at 2-week intervals. Nasal provocation was performed stepwise to a maximum dose of 2,000 pnu (dust) and 500 pnu (mite). The control group was composed of seven symptomatic patients with negative skin tests. RESULTS: Control patients were uniformly clinically unresponsive to maximum dose. Allergic patients varied considerably in sensitivity but all reacted clinically to at least the final dose with an early response. There were no obvious late phase reactions. Both dust and mite provoked an early phase increase of eosinophil cationic protein in the nasal secretions of control patients. For allergic patients there were early increases of eosinophil cationic protein, prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4. Late phase elevations were not observed. CONCLUSION: Dust and mite skin test-positive patients with perennial rhinitis had similar early phase responses to intranasal challenge both clinically and with elevations of inflammatory mediators. Clinically unresponsive control patients did show elevated eosinophil cationic protein levels suggesting a possible nonspecific, non-IgE mediated affect of both dust and mite allergens on the nasal mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mite sensitivity and exposure in the city of Santa Fe, Argentina.

Little information is available on mite allergen levels and rates of sensitization to domestic mites in South America. The purpose of this study was to establish the rate of sensitization to domestic mites in asthmatics and measure mite allergen levels in pillows and mattresses of mite allergic individuals in Santa Fe, Argentina. Dust samples were collected from the pillows and mattresses of 56 asthmatics (24 females and 32 males, mean age 17.6 +/- 11.5 years), who had been previously skin tested with standardized extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and (1:50 w/v) extracts of Aleuroglyphus ovatus, Blomia tropicalis, Chortoglyphus arcuatus. A wheal > or = 3 mm was considered positive. Sensitization to Lepidoglyphus destructor and Euroglyphus maynei was determined by RAST and considered positive when a serum bound > or = 1% of the total counts added. Forty six individuals had a positive skin test to D. pteronyssinus, 43 to D. farinae, 27 to A. ovatus, 38 to B. tropicalis, 27 to C. arcuatus; 38 of 54 individuals had a positive RAST to E. maynei and 22 of 54 to L. destructor. The mean Group 1 (Der p 1 + Derf 1) level in pillows (n = 48) was 6.7 micrograms/g (1-55.4) and in mattresses (n = 52) 4.3 micrograms/g (1-38.8). There is a high degree of sensitization to domestic mites among asthmatics in Santa Fe. High mite allergen levels (> 2 micrograms/g) can be detected very often in pillows and mattresses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Enhanced lymphocyte proliferative response to house dust mite in the older but not in the younger asthmatic children].

Allergen-specific lymphocyte proliferation was measured by flow cytometry in 16 children with atopic dermatitis (AD). 26 with bronchial asthma (BA) and 13 non-atopic controls. Although the level of mite-S.I.F. (stimulation index measured by flow cytometry) in the younger AD children (2-7 y) was significantly higher than that in the non-atopic subjects (189.6 +/- 70.7 vs 113.9 +/- 11.0, p < 0.02), there was no elevation in the younger BA children (122.6 +/- 23.4). It is therefore likely that the elevated mite-S.I.F. level is related to the development of the allergic cellular inflammation representing the pathology of AD, rather than the IgE-mediated allergic reaction as a mechanism of childhood BA. Because the level of mite-specific IgE antibody in the younger BA children is elevated (93.6 +/- 41.2 PRU/ml), the result also indicates that mite-specific peripheral T lymphocytes do not play a critical role in stimulating the mite-specific IgE synthesis. On the contrary, the older BA children (8-15 y) showed an elevated mite-S.I.F. level (176.0 +/- 54.6) significantly higher than that in the non-atopic subjects (114.6 +/- 13.9, p < 0.05) as well as that in the younger BA children (p < 0.05). Because other investigators have reported that the level of mite-specific lymphocyte proliferation is increased in the adult BA patients, the transition from childhood BA to adult-type BA may start at the age of about 8 y.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Identification of the domestic mite fauna of Puerto Rico.

This study was conducted to identify the domestic mite fauna of Puerto Rico. A total of 57 dust samples were collected from mattresses in homes of 11 cities on the Island. The analysis of the samples revealed that 73.70% of the mattress samples had at least one mite species. The identified species include: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (45.6%), Blomia tropicalis (31.6%), Cheyletus sp. (19.3%), Dermatophagoides farinae (17.5%), Euroglyphus maynei (5.3%), Dermatophagoides sibonei (1.8%), Dermatophagoides sp. (1.8%), Suidasia melanensis (1.8%) and mite species that were not identified (5.3%). Differences in the geographical distribution of mites showed that only Blomia tropicalis is more frequently in the northern (43%) than in the southern region (19%) of Puerto Rico (OR 3.36, p, 0.046). This finding can be explained by the fact that in the northern region the relative humidity is significantly higher that in the southern region (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed for other species or in the total mite counts between the northern and southern regions. The small sample size of this study may explain the lack significance for some of the differences found. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the domestic mite fauna is composed of several clinically important species, their numbers are high enough to be considered in the sensitizing levels, and the diversity of these species is comparable to other observations in the Caribbean areas, and in the southern states in the continental US. Based upon our results, we recommend that when performing the skin test in Puerto Rico, extracts from the identified local domestic mite species be included in the allergen panel. This may prove useful in the aid for the diagnosis and management of atopic conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of vacuum cleaning of room floors and bed clothes of patients on house dust mites counts and clinical scores of atopic dermatitis. A double blind control trial].

By a randomized double blind control trial we studied the effect of vacuum cleaning of room floors, mattresses and quilts for twelve months on clinical symptoms and laboratory data of atopic dermatitis patients. All patients used the identical new vacuum cleaners. Thirty patients (3-12 years of age) with relatively stable skin conditions were randomly allocated to either of the following two groups. In the monitor group we visited patient's home every three weeks and mite specialists cleaned drastically the room floors, mattresses and quilts and the patient continued to clean in the same way in-between. In the control group we visited similarly but the cleaning was made insufficiently which was also followed by the patient. But, at 2 occasions (the first and the last visits), cleaning was made drastically also in the control group. Thus the mite numbers were counted precisely at the start and the end of the experiment both in the monitor and control groups. Each patient was seen every six weeks by the same doctor and estimated of his symptoms using our unique scoring system (Fig. 1). At the start and the end of the study, total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to house dust mites in the serum were evaluated. The monitor group showed a tendency to count smaller number of mites than the control group after a year, when there was a significant difference only in quilts. However, a statistically significant decrease in the mite counts was observed only in room floors and not in mattresses and quilts both in the monitor and control groups (Fig. 2). Clinical scores after a year significantly improved only in the monitor group and not in the control group (Fig. 3). Serum IgE value and specific antibody titer to house dust mites were not changed significantly after the trial in both groups. As a conclusion, vacuum cleaning of the patient's room improved the clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis but this could not be related to the reduction of house dust mite number.

Animals↗