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[Evaluation of measures to reduce cigarette consumption in Switzerland].

Policy instruments were examined to reduce cigarette consumption in Switzerland. The results can be summarised in two points: a) Tax increases and anti-smoking publicity (health education) are effective measures to reduce cigarette smoking. The effect is especially pronounced when both instruments are combined. b) The effect of a ban on advertising could not be examined for Switzerland due to lack of data. Results of studies abroad lead to the assumption that cigarette consumption can be influenced more by the tobacco tax and anti-smoking publicity than by a ban on advertising. This is by no means to say that such a ban would have no effect.

Advertising↗

Supporting the free exercise of religion in the group home context.

Ways were delineated in which group home employees can support individuals living in the home in the active expression of faith, both inside and outside the group home environment, and at the same time protect the freedom of others in the home who choose not to be involved in religious activities. After briefly reviewing some assumptions underlying the 1992 AAMR definition of mental retardation and describing the capability of religious expression for individuals with cognitive impairment, we presented several guidelines to assist group home staff members.

Choice Behavior↗

The treatment perspectives of physicians, citizens, and state legislators.

This study addresses the dilemma of physicians to act both as an agent of their patients and as an agent of society. We contrasted the perceptions of physicians, citizens at large, and state legislators about 11 topics related to physician decision making regarding the management of care for seriously ill patients. Significant and interpretable differences were found between physicians and citizens, although there were no differences between these two groups and the state legislators. However, even the obtained differences were fewer and smaller than expected. These results suggest that lay, legislative, and medical viewpoints may be less at odds with each other than the literature would suggest, and reaching an accord on at least some aspects of health policy may not be as difficult as generally is assumed.

Adult↗