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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

An epidemiological study of humoral and cell-mediated immune response to the Plasmodium falciparum antigen PF155/RESA in adult Liberians.

We investigated the seroreactivity and T cell reactivity against the Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf155/RESA, different oligopeptides from the 3' and 5' repeat regions of the Pf155/RESA antigen, and crude Plasmodium falciparum antigens in 164 adult Liberians. We compared 2 long-term residential groups with high and low exposure to malaria. The seropositive rate to the peptides was significantly higher with increased exposure. There was no significant difference in response rates to the Pf155/RESA. This may indicate the level of persistent T cell memory in previously primed donors. The seropositive rates to 3 Pf155/RESA peptides and the rates measured by either 3H-thymidine incorporation or IFN-gamma release after stimulation with Pf155/RESA and the peptides were all lower in parasite positive individuals. Even low grade, asymptomatic parasitemia can impair the T cell response in vitro. The lower antibody response in parasite positive subjects may be explained by either antibody consumption or lower protection against malaria parasitemia in subjects with low concentrations of antibodies against the Pf155/RESA antigen.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Occurrence, characteristics, and patterns of HIV-1 and HIV-2 western blot indeterminate sera in low risk populations in West Virginia and pre-AIDS Africa.

To further characterize HIV-1 and HIV-2 Western blot indeterminate (IWB) sera, 402 sera from 318 healthy low-risk individuals from West Virginia and 159 African sera obtained in the pre-AIDS era (1968-1972) were studied. All IWB sera tested for antigen by HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay (EIA-Ag) were negative. HIV-1 and HIV-2 IWB reactivity occurred independent of HIV-1 and HIV-2 false-positive testing for antibody by enzyme immunoassay (EIA-Ab) and no cross-reactions between HIV-1 and HIV-2 IWB patterns were detected. The IWB patterns were reproducible, demonstrated no age or sex related pattern, and showed no evidence of vertical or horizontal transmission. The African sera exhibited a significantly higher number of IWB patterns. IWB reactivity in HIV-1 and HIV-2 seronegative individuals may not be viral in origin and the occurrence of IWB pattern may vary among populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The focus group as a tool for health research: issues in design and analysis.

The focus group is a technique for eliciting information from specific population subgroups. Issues addressed may be little known or relatively well known to the researcher. The method is most effectively used when the objective of the investigation is to elicit points of view of client or consumer groups which may differ from those of providers. Despite the frequency with which focus groups are used, few published materials describe the practical application of the method. This paper presents a detailed methodology for the conduct of focus groups and analysis of focus-group data with the intention of improving its use among researchers and health-care professionals. Data from two studies, immunization compliance in West Africa, and barriers to use of prenatal-care services in Bolivia, are used as illustrative examples.

Bolivia↗
PubMed1997

A global perspective: traditional and nontraditional care.

With the National Association for Home Care's 16th Annual Meeting coinciding with the World Congress on Homecare and Hospice this month, CARING turns its focus to medicine around the world, in particular to what different cultures consider "traditional" medicine versus alternative medicine. Home care colleagues around the world responded to a survey on this question, revealing vast differences as well as surprising similarities between systems.

Bermuda↗
PubMed1976

Precipitins in Liberian sera reacting with goat and sheep sera.

Precipitins in nine sera from normal Liberian adults were shown to react with an alpha-globulin in goat and sheep sera. No cross-reaction was demonstrated with bovine sera. Hence these precipitins are different to others previously described. At present their significance, if any, is unknown. They are important as a possible cause of unexplained reactions in serological tests using sheep or goat serum as a source of antigen or antibody.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Oral health among Liberian refugees in Ghana.

OBJECTIVE: To promote community involvement in the provision of oral health services. DESIGN: The project consisted of a four-week training course in oral health for selected refugees, an oral health survey based on WHO guidelines and conducted by the refugees themselves and the provision of oral health care services to the community by the trained refugees. SETTING: Liberian refugee camp, Gomoa Buduburam in Ghana. SUBJECTS: Liberian refugees of all ages. INTERVENTIONS: Twelve refugees were given short term training in oral health. In the oral health survey, 196 refugees were clinically examined for dental caries, periodontal disease and malocclusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: DMFT (for dental caries), CPITN (for periodontal disease), and malocclusion scores for selected subjects. Also clinical services rendered. RESULTS: Oral health survey revealed a mean age (+/- SD) of 25.7 (+/- 9.5) years. Only thirty nine (19.9%) of the subjects were caries-free, and total DMFT was 2.5 +/- 2.2. Based on the CPITN, 107 (54.6%) required oral hygiene instructions (OHI), and 41 (20.9%) required prophylactic scaling with OHI. Forty four (22.5%) of the subjects had normal occlusion and 152 (77.5%) mild to severe malocclusion. Periodontal (75.5%), prosthetic (52.5%) interventions and extractions (34.2%) constituted the bulk of the treatment needs required. Clinical treatment was rendered by the trained refugees to 846 patients over a twelve month period. CONCLUSION: Relief programmes for refugees should emphasise a primary health care approach, focusing on prevention, based on appropriate technology, and promoting involvement by the refugee community in the provision of services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[On the migration of the third stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti in Anopheles gambiae (author's tranls)].

The migratory pattern of the third stage larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti from the thorax into the head of Anopheles gambiae has been studied. A total of 1269 infected mosquitoes were dissected and examined from the 7th through the 19th day after the blood meal. The filarial worms migrated from the thorax through the abdomen before they reached the head of the mosquito. Third stage larvae first appeared in the abdomen on the 9th day after infection, where their number increased progressively up to the 13th day and then decreased steadily thereafter. In contrast, mature larvae were first found in the head on the 11th day, and a concentration of larvae could be observed in this region only from the 14th day onwards.

Abdomen↗