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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[The valence of genetics and exogenous factors in epilepsies of childhood (author's transl)].

Exogenous and genetic factors must be taken into consideration in the etiology of epilepsy. Exogenous lesions may arise pre-, peri- or postnatally. The effect of genetics on the etiology has previously been suggested by a markedly increased familial occurrence of epileptic patients with seizures, investigations of twins and the occurrence of attacks in demyelinating diseases and congenital metabolic disorders. A modern method of examination in epileptic patients is the electroencephalographic family investigation. The results obtained in examinations by this method are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Cortisol levels in fetal scalp, maternal, and umbilical cord plasma.

The purpose of this study was to investigate cortisol levels in the fetal circulation prior to delivery. Fetal scalp plasma cortisol levels during labor were significantly lower than those in maternal peripheral plasma but significantly higher than those in cord plasma at delivery. Cortisol levels in fetal scalp plasma did not correlate significantly with those in either maternal or cord plasma. The greater cortisol concentrations in fetal scalp plasma relative to those in cord plasma could have been transient increases caused by fetal adrenal response to the stress of the scalp sampling procedure. There was a significant correlation between cortisol levels in maternal and cord plasma, which may mean that a considerable part of the cortisol in the fetal circulation at delivery is of maternal origin.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1993

[Reserves in decreasing maternal mortality due to obstetrical hemorrhages].

Analysis of 542 lethal cases at pregnancy terms 28 weeks and more, of parturients and puerperae in Russia over 1987-1991 has shown that obstetrical bleedings were responsible for 42.2% of deaths, being the most frequent causes of lethal outcomes. Analysis of records documenting 283 lethal cases has shown a high incidence of somatic (90.9%) and obstetrical diseases (95.5%). Assessment of medica care quality has shown inadequate care of pregnant women and parturients and inadequate emergency care. Prevention of massive blood loss should involve hemostasis studies in pregnant women and parturients and its correction; if a bleeding occurs, comprehensive intensive care and surgical interventions are indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pregnancy and labor in underweight pregnant patients].

The impact of underweight (Broca-index < 78%) on pregnancy, delivery and puerperium were studied in 104 matched pairs. Match criteria were: age, parity, and height. Underweighed pregnant women were significantly more likely to have an multitude of adverse outcomes, including hypotension (p = 0.0001), anemia (p = 0.02), premature labor (p = 0.0001), premature delivery (p = 0.009), small for gestational age (p = 0.02), hyperbilirubinemia (p = 0.02) and a higher rate of neonatal admission to the intensive care unit (p = 0.03). Underweighed women are at high risk for maternal and perinatal outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neonatal mortality in normal birth weight babies: does the level of hospital care make a difference?

Although neonatal intensive care for low birth weight infants has been extensively studied, few researchers have looked at the impact of the level of care at the delivery hospital for infants weighing greater than 2500 gm. Using linked birth-death records from Georgia for 1979 to 1982, we examined the effect that the level of care available at the hospital of delivery had on neonatal mortality in infants weighing 2500 gm and above. We used a risk scoring system designed for use with vital records to determine prepartum risk and the presence or absence of a complication of labor as indicated on the birth certificate to determine intrapartum risk. We found that women with a high prepartum risk score had increased neonatal mortality at level 1 hospitals. Women who developed a complication of labor, regardless of their prepartum risk status, had the highest neonatal mortality rates when they delivered at level 1 hospitals. We suggest prenatal risk assessment for all women and referral of high risk women to level 2 or 3 hospitals for delivery even at term.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

Shoulder dystocia. A complication of fetal macrosomia and prolonged second stage of labor with midpelvic delivery.

Shoulder dystocia is an infrequently encountered obstetric emergency varying in incidence from 0.15 to 0.60% of all deliveries. Previously identified risk factors include maternal obesity, previous infants weighing greater than 4 kg, maternal diabetes, and fetal macrosomia (greater than 4 kg). To evaluate the role of prolonged second stage of labor (PSS) as a warning sign for shoulder dystocia, 9864 deliveries at LAC-USC Women's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Ninety percent delivered vaginally and 4.89% had PSS with midpelvic delivery. Shoulder dystocia occurred in 0.37% of all vertex vaginal deliveries. In the absence of PSS and midpelvic delivery, the incidence of shoulder dystocia was 0.16%. However, with PSS and midpelvic delivery, the incidence of shoulder dystocia was 4.57% (P less than 0.01). Infants weighing in excess of 4 kg were at increased risk of shoulder dystocia compared with infants weighing less than 4 kg. When PSS occurred and midpelvic delivery was attempted, the incidence of shoulder dystocia was 21% in infants weighing in excess of 4 kg; 8% had had failed vaginal delivery. All shoulder dystocias and failed vaginal deliveries occurred after use of the vacuum extractor. Immediate neonatal injury was apparent in 47% of infants with shoulder dystocia after PSS with midpelvic delivery. There were no maternal or fetal deaths related to shoulder dystocia during the study period.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

Maternal plasma and placental immunoreactive corticotrophin-releasing factor concentrations in infection-associated term and pre-term delivery.

The present study aimed to investigate whether microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity affects maternal plasma or placental immunoreactive corticotrophin releasing factor (ir-CRF) concentrations in pregnant women with pre-term or term labour. A cross-sectional study was conducted collecting blood samples in: (1) women with pre-term labour and intact membranes (25-36 weeks), with or without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (subdivided into three groups: 1A, no microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, delivery at term, n = 54; group 1B, delivery < 48 h, no microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, n = 10; group 1C, delivery < 48 h, microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, n = 8); (2) women at term, not in labour and without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (n = 15); (3) women in spontaneous active labour at term without (A) (n = 55) or with (B) (n = 16) microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity; and (4) healthy women not in labour at 25-36 weeks of gestation (n = 25). Specimens of trophoblast tissue were collected from pregnant women with pre-term labour (no microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, n = 6; microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, n = 4) or delivering at term (no microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, n = 8; microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, n = 4). A specific radioimmunoassay on acidic extracts of plasma or placental specimens was used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amnion↗
PubMed2002

Physical and social predictors for pre-term births and low birth weight infants in Taiwan.

The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors associated with pre-term labor (PTL) (< 37 gestational weeks) and low birth weight (LBW) (< 2500 gm) infants in a healthy Taiwanese population. From December 1998 through June 1999, a total of 633 healthy pregnant women were recruited at three teaching hospitals in Taipei. Using a prospective study design, the pregnancy outcome information was followed up by telephone or from medical records during the first month postpartum. Data were statistically analyzed by multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of premature births was 5.4%, and the prevalence of LBW infants was 5.1%. Pre-term births were significantly associated with high self-reported fatigue scores (OR = 3.45); extreme maternal age (< 20 and >/= 35 years, OR = 2.38); history of abortion (>/= 2, OR = 3.11); maternal height (</= 158 cm, OR = 1.73); low income (OR = 1.88), and multiple pregnancies (OR = 18.78). The risk for low birth weight infants was significantly increased when the woman had an extreme maternal age (OR = 2.65), nulliparity (OR = 1.64); multiple pregnancies (OR = 9.3) and no domestic helper (OR = 1.65). The study provides a reference basis for prenatal care.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childbirth in Germany and Nigeria compared.

BACKGROUND: A look at childbirth processes in both countries may lead to understanding of the differences between them and may perhaps open up new arrears of research in human reproduction. The objective of this paper is to compare some childbirth parameters in Nigerians and Germans and to adduce possible reasons for the differences. METHOD: This is prospective study using data collected from 1055 consecutive deliveries that took place in Nigeria which was analyzed and compared with that of 56690 deliveries that took place in the German state of Hesse. RESULTS: Preterm labor was more common among Nigerians (12.1%) than in Germans (6.7%). There is no significant difference in the day and time of birth in the two countries (p >0.05). Precipitate labor occurred in 12.5% of Germans, as against none in Nigerians. Within 30 minutes, more than 90% of women in both countries complete the second stage of labor. Doctors attend to more deliveries in Germany (99.3%), as against 63.1% in Nigeria. Episiotomy was performed in 71% of Germans as against 49% Nigerians. Primary cesarean section rate in Germany was 8.5% and in Nigeria 5.6%. Retained placenta was more common in Germans (2.5%) than in Nigerians (1%). Sepsis was more common in Nigerians (1.3%) than in Germans (0.0%). Blood loss greater than 1000ml was more common in Nigerians (2.9%) than in Germans (0.6%). Within 24 hours of delivery 74.8% of Nigerians leave hospital as against 4.0% of Germans. CONCLUSION: It would appear that biological and socio-economic factors play differential roles in the final process of childbirth in different populations while meteorological cum cosmic factors appear to exact the same influence in the two populations.

Adolescent↗