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PubMedDate not supplied

Local ablation procedures in primary liver tumors: Levovist US versus spiral CTto evaluate therapeutic results.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare Levovist power Doppler ultrasound (Levovist US) with contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography (spiral CT), in the evaluation of the efficacy of percutaneous local ablation procedures, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with 62 HCC were studied using Levovist US and triphasic spiral CT, after treatment by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (32), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) (24), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (4), laser-therapy (LT) (1) and RFA plus TACE (1). RESULTS: Spiral CT scan showed contrast enhancement in 47% of the cases; at basal power Doppler ultrasound only 10% of the nodules showed to be vascular but, after Levovist infusion, 72.5% showed intralesional vascular spots. CONCLUSION: We detected that residual tumor vascularity in HCC, after treatment using percutaneous local ablation procedures, was significantly increased by Levovist. Levovist US could be proposed as a good alternative in patients unfit for CT scanning due to allergies to iodate contrast media, renal failure or cardiovascular disease and, moreover, could help to select those patients requiring a new treatment, without performing spiral CT, thereby reducing the cost of treatment and improving patient tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Atkinson prosthesis in esophageal carcinoma. Radiologic study: when CT?].

The endoscopic palliative treatment of esophageal and esophagocardial neoplastic stenoses is generally performed in the patients in whom surgery is not indicated for oncological and general reasons and endoscopic dilatation is uneffective. Our experience is reported concerning 92 patients submitted to palliative therapy through placement of Atkinson prostheses; the patients underwent radiologic studies--i.e. (a) plain chest radiographs (before and after intubation), (b) esophagogastric studies with iodate cm, and (c) CT (performed in the last 20 cases only). The mortality rate at 30 days was 6.5% (6 cases), in no case due to specific complications related to intubation. The mean survival was 3.6 months (range: 1-12). As to the complications specifically related to intubation, they were basically 3: perforation, dislocation, and obstruction (of the prosthesis). As to the methods allowing best demonstration of the same: a) CT proved to be superior in revealing perforation, which usually occurs early after intubation. However, considering its low incidence (2 cases only, in our series), the routinary use of CT does not seem justified. CT should be reserved to selected patients in whom the shape of the neoplasm or peculiar anatomical conditions make intubation difficult, with high risks of perforation--e.g., kiphoscoliosis, hiatal hernia, previous surgery or radiotherapy, angulation of the prosthesis, neoplasm of scirrhous or necrotic type or causing luminal deviation; b) if dislocation occurs, as it more often happens (9 cases in our series) in the presence of soft neoplastic tissue or in cases of mild or asymmetrical stenosis, CT seems likewise unnecessary. Conventional radiology proved superior thanks to its more comprehensive view, and therefore sufficient to suggest the correct treatment--e.g. repositioning of the prosthesis by means of fiberoscopy, or withdrawal after gastrostomy; c) CT appeared useless in the cases due to alimentary causes (easily detectable from the clinical history), but proved useful in the cases due to neoplastic overgrowth. In the latter, CT can yield information as to the site and size of the neoplasm, as well as to its relationship to surrounding tissues, and thus help suggest proper treatment--e.g. dilatation and repositioning of the prosthesis, gastrostomy, recanalization by means of NdYAG laser, no treatment at all.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Retinal pigment epithelial cells contribute to maturation and fenestration of the vascular endothelial cells in vascular endothelial growth factor-transgenic mice].

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the role of the retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) in subretinal neovascularization during maturation and fenestration of endothelial cells in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transgenic mice. METHODS: VEGF transgenic mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of sodium iodate (treated) or physiological saline (controls) on postnatal day 10. Fluorescein angiography (FAG) was carried out and the mice were sacrificed on postnatal day 31. The eyes were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: FAG showed leakage from neovascularization in both groups, but there were fewer leakages in the treated group than in the control group. Electron microscopy showed subretinal neovascularization in both groups, but there were fewer fenestrations and less maturity of endothelial cells in the new vessels of mice in the treated group. In the treated mice, damaged RPE cells did not completely enclose new vessels and the endothelial cells were immature. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that RPE cells promote endothelial cell maturation and formation of fenestrations in VEGF-induced subretinal neovascularization.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[On the influence of thiocyanates on the delayed immune response in intact and epinephrectomised guinea pigs (author's transl)].

Daily application of 32 mg/kg sodium thiocynate from 1--11th respectively 12th--21st experimental day causes in epinephrectomised guinea pigs at the 26th experimental day an inhibition of cell-mediated immune response (sensitization was induced by intraperitoneal injection of horse serum at the 5th and 7th experimental day). The inhibition of cell-mediated immune response could be demonstrated by means of migration inhibition of spleen cells. Epinephrectomy was performed by operation procedures twice a week. Gluco- and mineralocorticoids were applied supplementary. -- Also other proved thiocyanates respectively compounds with thiocyanate groups such as potassium thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate and d,1-2-imino-3.4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-thiacolidinhydrothiocyanate showed the same effect. The results are only pointed out in intact animals, but distinct in epinephrectomised guinea pigs. Finally a significant weaker effect, but of the same kind was observed by potassium- and sodium iodate. Every used dose of prednisolone and cyclophosphamide suppress the migration inhibition. The influence of 2-iminothiacolidin-4-carbon acid and desoxycorticosteronacetat on the migration inhibition is different and depends on the antigen dose applied for sensitization. -- Simulated daily injections undertaken in form of stitches and application of aqua destillata are inefficacious.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2003

The utility of FT4 serum in newborns at risk for congenital hypothyroidism (CH).

Thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates hormonogenesis using the iodate substrate and tyrosine amino acid. After various enzymatic reactions, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are released. Part of the hormone freely circulates in serum as free T3 (FT3) and free T4 (FT4). TSH is released after feedback. A study was undertaken to determine cut-off levels of FT4 to verify hypothalamic and pitutitary hypothyroidism. Both TSH and T4 were determined on blood spots by chemoluminescence and radioimmunology. TSH, T4 and FT4 were determined in control cases using an immuno-luminometric method. All newborns with TSH>3 mIU/l and FT4<0.6 ng/l were followed. Some of the positive cases may have resulted from iodine deficiency as a result of geography and environment. New risk values are being evaluated based on spot testing on the third day of blood sample collection. The ongoing study of new cut-off values in relation to birth day and the introduction of FT4 control serum level seems to prevent repeated measurements and promote quicker intervention by physicians thus preventing difficult genetic investigations.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1992

[Renal vasculitis without hematuria in senile patients].

Systemic vasculitis is a disease whose prognosis has improved considerably with steroid and immunosuppressive treatment, which points up the importance of early diagnosis. In elderly, diagnosis is made more difficult because the frequent onset in the form of a febrile syndrome with non-specific disturbances in general condition. In these patients it is not uncommon that a kidney involvement is what leads to diagnosis of the disease. Hematuria is almost a constant in vasculitis nephropathy. In their absence, acute renal failure in elderly is usually attributed to hemodynamic causes and the frequent presence of iatrogenic tubular factors. This is a report on the case of three elderly patients who presented a febrile syndrome with asthenia, anorexia and weight loss. The three cases progressed to acute renal failure with no disorders in urinary sediment. In two cases was a history of administration of gentamycin, indomethacin and iodated contrast. The clinical diagnosis was toxic and ischemic tubulopathy and, when dialysis became necessary, a renal biopsy was done which showed granulomatous vasculitis, intersticial nephritis and in two cases, necrotizing glomerulitis and crescent formation. Treatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide was started which improved general condition and renal function in one case. Early renal biopsy is advisable in senile patients with non specific systemic symptoms and progressive acute renal failure of unclear origin, even when hematuria is lacking. In this setting, the appearance of underdiagnosed renal vasculitis is possible, and consequent immunosuppressive treatment is a factor for consideration.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

Identification and quantitative determination of morphine in the urine of heroin dependents.

Morphine in the urine of heroin addicts was identified by TLC using methanol, water, benzene and glacial acetic acid (80:15:15:5) and ethyl acetate, methanol and ammonium hydroxide (25:10:5) as solvent systems and potassium iodoplatinate and iodine as the developing reagents. Potassium iodate in alkaline medium gives a yellowish golden colour having maximum absorbance at 450 nm. By this reaction the minimum limit of identification and quantitative determination of morphine is 2 microg/ml. It provides a basis for the spectrophotometric determination of morphine in the urine of heroin addicts.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative analysis of the behavior of two labeled ACTH preparations in the body].

Experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats. A study was made of the intensity of incorporation into the liver, kidneys, the thyroid gland, the adrenal glands and the rate of elimination from the blood plasma of two ACTH preparations iodated by Greenwood's method: International Standard for Corticotropin, Mill Hill, London; Hum ACTH--Hid-28, Richter. It appeared that the preparations of natural swine -125-I-ACTH and of synthetic -131-I-ACTH were identical chromatographically and by saturation with iodine-125 and iodine-131, respectively, but differed by their behaviour in the organism. T1/2 for -125-I-ACTH (swine) was 4.7 min; the hormone was not incorporated into hepatic parenchyma, and only very weakly--into the kidneys, but it was intensively accumulated by the adrenal galnds. Radioactivity peak was recorded in the adrenal cortex 6 minutes after the administration of the labeled hormone. -131-I-ACTH (synthetic) disappeared from the blood with a falf-period of 11.2 min, was incorporated into the liver and particularly into the kidneys, and was not accumulated in the adrenal gland.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of free iodine as a function of the dilution of two commercial povidone-iodine formulations.

Binding studies by means of equilibrium dialysis on two different Povidone-lodine-solutions reveal that the amount of available iodine and free iodine is very different as such and after dilution. The free iodine concentration in the Braunol concentrate was found to be ca. 22 mg/L and in the iso-Betadine concentrate only ca. 2.1 mg/L, despite the total amount of available iodine in iso-Betadine being higher than that of Braunol. As the bactericidal level of free iodine is characterised by concentrations >5 ppm, Braunol can be employed as a disinfectant as such, iso-Betadine has to be diluted before use. In both concentrates more than 99% of available iodine is present as reservoir for free iodine. Concerning the results as a function of dilution, it was demonstrated that, for both solutions, free iodine reaches a maximum after a 50-fold dilution (ca. 31 mg/L and ca. 51 mg/L for iso-Betadine and Braunol respectively). After dilution, a more constant level of free iodine was observed in the Braunol than in the iso-Betadine solution, and this is attributed to the present molar ratio of I(2)/I- and the addition of iodate in the former. The pH for both solutions approximates that of the skin, as such and after dilution. In summary, it can be stated that Braunol is superior to iso-Betadine as to the release of free iodine in both the undiluted as well as in the diluted form.

Calibration↗
PubMed2006

Estimation of iodine in salt fortified with iodine & iron.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad has developed double fortified salt (DFS) containing both iodine and iron to control the twin problems of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). When the iodine content of DFS was estimated by the conventional iodometric titration using sulphuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), problems such as wide variation between duplicate analysis and under/overestimations of iodine content were encountered, which led to inconsistent results. This study was undertaken to develop a modified method for the estimation of iodine in DFS so as to get reliable iodine content of DFS. METHODS: A modified method was developed using orthophosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4)) and the sensitivity of the method was confirmed by estimating the iodine content of potassium iodate (KIO(3)) standard at different concentrations of iodine (0 to 100 ppm). The iodine content of DFS and iodized salt (IS) from local market and factory was estimated by the modified method as well as the conventional iodometric titration and the results were compared. RESULTS: The pH of DFS was acidic. The time gap between the additions of acid and potassium iodide (KI) played a crucial role in getting the actual iodine content of DFS. The H(2)SO(4) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO(4)) interfered with the estimation of iodine in DFS resulting in underestimation or overestimation of iodine. Modified method (H(3)PO(4)) produced consistent and reliable iodine content of DFS. Both H(2)SO(4) and H(3)PO(4) gave same results when tested with KIO(3) standard, Reference salt and IS (both experimental and purchased from local market). Actually 0.50 ml of 1 per cent KI was sufficient to estimate the iodine content of DFS or IS. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that the conventional method using H(2)SO(4) was not suitable for the estimation of iodine in DFS. The modified method using H(2)PO(4) was ideally suited for the estimation of iodine in DFS. Also, iron from DFS did not interfere during estimation of iodine by this method. As both the conventional and the modified methods gave the same results for the iodine content of IS, it is practically prudent to use the modified method (H(2)PO(4)) for both DFS and IS instead of following one method (H(3)PO(4)) for DFS and another (H(2)SO(4)) for IS. The quantity of KI is also reduced and the order of additions of reagents is changed in the modified procedure.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[CT and MR virtual colonscopy: indications, limits and comparison with conventional colonscopy].

Virtual endoscopy is a new method for studying the colon; it consists in acquisition of CT and MR images and to elaborate them with a workstation, to create endoluminal vision as like as traditional colonscopy, permitting the complete exploration of colonic lumen, also with stenotic tumors. The analysis of the differences between CT and MR colography shows like these two techniques present both advantages and disadvantages, such as the impossibility to perform MR in patients with pace-maker or in claustrophobic patients and the impossibility to perform CT with iodated agents in patients with renal failure or with a story of adverse reactions. The increased use of these techniques is due to the high sensitivity of last-generation CT and MR machine, to the increased spatial resolution, to specific softwares for digital cleaning of colon, to the introduction of high-end workstations and to the possibility of computed assisted diagnosis (CAD). So, it is desiderable that the increasing spread of multidetector CT devices and the future technical innovations, should have the effect to increase culture and experience in various diagnostic centers about CT-colography, making possible the spreading of virtual endoscopy as a screening tool.

Colonography, Computed Tomographic↗
PubMed1990

[Pathophysiology of intraocular neovascularization].

The pathology of intraocular neovascularization was studied in human and animal eyes by means of electron microscopy and histochemistry, and also by tissue culture of bovine retinal small vessels. The newly formed vessels in the vitreous obtained at the time of vitrectomy from the eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion lacked tight junction and formed fenestration in the endothelial cells. When 1 microgram of the basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) enveloped in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was implanted into the vitreous of monkey eyes, new vessels were formed in the iris in all eyes and in the vitreous in 12 eyes out of 14 experimental eyes. The origins of new vessels were the iris vessels in the iris, and both stromal vessels of the ciliary body and retinal vessels in the vitreous. These vessels showed fenestration in the endothelial cells. The activity of the lysosomal enzyme detected by acid phosphatase increased in the epithelial layer of the ciliary body. The new vessels in the vitreous of rabbits were seen in 9 out of 10 eyes when b-FGF was implanted in the vitreous with an intravitreal injection of amino adipic acid solution (1 mg in 0.2 ml of physical saline), although none of the 8 eyes formed new vessels when sodium iodate was injected intravenously after implantation of b-FGF with aminoadipic acid. Corneal neovascularization was formed by implantation of 250 ng of b-FGF into the corneal micropockets of the guinea pigs, and regressed after the b-FGF was removed. The endothelial budding and protrusion were frequently seen during the course of neovascularization. Immunohistochemical detections showed positive stainings for fibronectin in most front-end lesions, for laminin and type 4 collagen associated with the endothelial cells, and for factor VIII only on the endothelial cells which formed the vascular lumen. The acid phosphatase activity was detected on the leucocytes infiltrating in the corneal stroma. In the course of regression of corneal neovascularization, initial pathological change was thrombus formation followed by disappearance of endothelial cells, although the basement membrane of the endothelial cells remained. Fibronectin reduced its activity in the early stage of regression, laminin and type 4 collagen remained even after the vascular lumen had subsided, and factor VIII was stained in a geographically irregular manner. Migrating activity of the cultured-bovine retinal small vessels was accelerated by fibronectin and fetal bovine serum.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase activity and mRNA expression in rat thyroid tissue with different iodine intakes.

BACKGROUND: Type 1 deiodinase (D1) plays an important role in the metabolism of thyroid hormone and has close relationship with thyroid function. In this study we explore the effects of iodine intake on D1 activity and its mRNA expression and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups with 8 in each: low iodine (LI), normal iodine (NI), five-fold iodine (HI(5)), ten-fold iodine (HI(10)), fifty-fold iodine (HI(50)), one hundred-fold iodine (HI(100)) group. Three months, six months and twelve months after admistration of potassium iodate, they were sacrificed and thyroids were excised. The expression of D1 mRNA in the thyroid tissue was determined by RT-PCR and D1 activity was analyzed by (125)I-rT3 as substrate. The thyroid hormone was measured with radioimmunoassay method. RESULTS: Compared with NI group, D1 mRNA expression in LI groups slightly decreased, and D1 activity greatly increased. Both T(3) and T(4) in thyroid tissue significantly decreased, but the T(3)/T(4) ratio increased. D1 mRNA expression decreased in all HI groups, and D1 activity was significantly lower in HI groups. There was a tendency of decrease in D1 activity with increased doses of iodine intakes. There was no significant difference in T(4) in thyroid tissue between HI groups and NI group, but a tendency of decrease in T(3) level was found in all HI groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of iodine deficiency, D1 activity increased greatly in order to convert more T(4) to T(3). Excess iodine can inhibit both D1 mRNA expression and its activity to protect organism from being injured by excessive T(3).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Localization of alkaline phosphatase on basolateral plasma membrane of normal and regenerating retinal pigment epithelium. A cytochemical study in rabbits.

Ultrastructural cytochemistry was used to analyze the polarized distribution of alkaline phosphatase (AP) on the plasma membranes of normal and regenerating retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the ciliary body epithelium in rabbits. The AP activity was concentrated on the basolateral plasma membrane in normal RPE. In regenerating RPE (after intravenous administration of sodium iodate to damage the RPE), there was a differential expression of AP activity according to the site on the regenerating epithelial sheet. At the edge of the sheet, where cells were undifferentiated and immature (ie, without the polarized distribution of basolateral and apical plasma membrane specializations seen in normal RPE), no plasma membrane AP activity was observed. The AP activity was reexpressed more proximal in the regenerating sheet. It was first evident where contiguous cells formed junctional complexes and cytologic polarization again became apparent. New AP activity was restricted to the basolateral plasma membrane. Eventually, the polarized distribution of AP activity seen in normal RPE was reestablished. In the ciliary body, AP activity was localized to the basolateral plasma membranes of the outer, nonpigmented epithelial cells. It was concluded (1) that cytochemical activity for nonspecific AP is concentrated on the basolateral plasma membrane domain of normal RPE and the normal pattern of AP activity is lost initially and then reexpressed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A superior vena cava syndrome secondary to intracavitary pacemakers. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

Two cases of superior vena cava syndrome secondary to an endocardial pacemaker are reported. We discuss diagnosis methods and we point out the use of radioisotope cavography in patients with iodate contrast allergy. We suggest early administration of thrombolytic therapy besides of anticoagulants and we review the literature of previous observation of venous occlusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The evaluation of urinary NAG activity in patients undergoing urography].

A study has been carried out to verify the nephrotoxic effect of hyperosmotic substances used as a contrast medium in radiology employing the enzymuria technique (NAG). The research was carried out in 202 patients, some of whom diabetic, suffering from various pathologies and subjected to perfusion urography by inoculating an iodate contrast medium (isopaque). The result showed that NAG urinary activity grows significant in the 24-36 hours subsequent to X-ray examination in both diabetics and nondiabetics although the increase is greater in the former. After 5-7 days, enzymuria returns to normal in nondiabetic patients but remains high in the diabetic.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

[Correction of disorders of electric stability of the heart and arrhythmia by using a synthetic analog of acetylcholine].

It was shown in experiments on Wistar male rats that ethyl, 3/2, ethyl, 2/2, dimethylhydrazine propionate iodate (EDIHYP), a synthetic acetylcholine analogue, eliminates in situ the fall of the ventricular fibrillation threshold and the extrasystole observed on the background of vagal bradycardia in experimental myocardial infarction and postinfarction cardiosclerosis. The elimination of disturbed heart electric stability was not accompanied by cholinergic, negative chronotropic effect of the drug. In isolated heart, high concentrations of EDIHYP (10(-4) M) had negative chronotropic effect but lacked antiarrhythmic effect in local ischemia and reperfusion. The bradycardia induced by EDIHYP was absent and the antiarrhythmic effect was strikingly pronounced on the background of muscarinic receptors blockade with atropine. Thus EDIHYP realizes its antiarrhythmic effect not via muscarinic receptors but by some other way which requires studying by methods of molecular pharmacology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reactions of the submandibular salivary gland caused by sialography. Experimental research in dogs].

In order to ascertain the damaging effects on the glandular parenchyma and excretory system of the major salivary glands of sialography using iodate contrast media in an oily vehicle, experiments have been carried out on a group of dogs. Among other compounds, Lipiodol UF and Urovison were used, the former oil-based and the latter water-based. Histological slides of the injected gland made three and four weeks afterwards showed in one animal only the presence of a periductal infiltrate and an intracanalicular formation of hyaline thrombotic type that was not easy to interpret. Lipiodol UF was employed in this case. Comparing these results with the literature, it is concluded that Lipiodol is an irritant, especially if it passes beyond the salivary excretory tree, but this is not enough to have it banned absolutely. Contraindications are reported and the need for correct technique stressed.

Animals↗