SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Infanticide”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Homicide in childhood. Distinguishable patterns of risk related to developmental levels of victims.

To study the characteristics of homicide in childhood, a review was done of the 29 medical examiner-autopsied children under 10 years of age who died under suspicious circumstances in Cook County in the first half of 1981 (17 by homicide, 12 by manner undetermined). Eleven cases occurred in January. The city victims came from neighborhoods characterized by poverty and female-headed households, consistent with the ecological model of child abuse. Eleven victims were infants: seven female, five white. The older victims were increasingly male and black with increasing age. Mean ages differed markedly for different types of injuries, with CNS and miscellaneous injuries typical in infancy, arson and beatings in toddler/preschool ages, and gunshot and pedestrian injuries in the school years. The data suggest that there are three clinically distinguishable types of homicide in childhood--infanticide, fatal child abuse and neglect after infancy, and murder in the community--related to developmental characteristics of the victims.

Black or African American↗

PubMed1981

Outcome of pregnancy in rats chronically exposed to 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM).

Repeated oral administration of 0.2, 0.5 or 2.0 mg of LAAM per kg to mature female rats for 21 days resulted in diminished weight gain and was sufficient to induce opiate dependence. Chronic oral administration of 0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg/day to female rats before mating and throughout gestation gave rise to a population of pups which were shown to be dependent at birth by precipitated weight loss after a s.c. injection of 2.5 mg of naloxone per kg. Among the litters born to dams maintained on the 2.0 mg/kg/day dose of LAAM, there was a high incidence of stillbirths and infanticide by biological mothers or by surrogate mothers to which they were transferred within a few hours of birth. Surviving pups from this group lost weight during the next 24 hr and weighed less than controls at the time of weaning (21 days). In contrast, pups born to dams maintained on the low dose of LAAM were not cannibalized and weighed the same as or more than controls from birth until weaning. Although this group had a higher incidence of mortality during the 1st week after fostering, mortality was significantly less than for the higher dose group.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[Ethnic variation in congenital pigmentation anomalies].

Clear ethnic differences are observed in the major form of tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism as well as in other forms of oculocutaneous albinism, cutaneous albinism and the very rare ocular albinism. Most interesting is the borderline between normal variation and abnormal forms, especially illuminated in rutilism or red headedness in Negroids and high frequencies of pigmentation anomalies without appreciable disadvantages for the carrier, e.g., the reddish skin of geographically isolated Papuans. The very differential frequencies of the occurrence of pigmentation anomalies in some populations are influenced as well by population genetic factors (isolation/inbreeding, founder-effect, heterosis) as also by socio-cultural factors (albinism as a marriage barrier, infanticide), and in some areas perhaps some kind of negative selection in which individuals with the character in question fail to reach reproductive age.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Postpartum depression].

From a review of the literature it emerges that postnatal depression is present in 10-15% of women during the first year after birth. Some studies have showed that a higher percentage of women with problems of depression commit infanticide compared to non-depressed women. A number of studies have been performed to identify the risk factors which may be used to predict postnatal depression during pregnancy; it is important that gynecologists recognise these factors in order to prevent the onset of this pathology during the postnatal period. Another aspect which emerges from the literature is that the absence of social rituals surrounding birth in the industrialised society, in which the transition role of the new mother is not always recognised, may be an important factor in the etiology of postnatal depression.

Depression↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Homicide in affective states and the problem of responsibility].

The penal code dated April 19th 1969 allows for three privileged types of manslaughter: manslaughter under strong emotional disturbance (art. 148 sections 2), infanticide (art. 149) and euthanasia for request (art. 150). The first two types of manslaughter are the discussed the third one is neglected because only the general problems of soundness of mind, non-accountability and greatly diminished accountability (art. 25 penal code) refer to them. In the situation when strong emotional disturbance exists (so called physiologically conditioned emotional disturbance) from art. 148 sections 2 penal code and one of the mentioned states mentioned in art. 25 penal code (mental deficiency, mental disease, other mental disorders) results in greatly diminished accountability and the cumulative qualification from art. 148 sections 2 and art. 25 sections 2 penal code will be admissible. As far as infantcide is concerned, the following opinion has been expressed that physiologically proper childbirth does not cause disconnection or restriction of soundness of mind. But in the case of psychological disorders such possibility cannot be excluded. The author postulates a wide participation of experts in psychology and psychiatry in cases prosecuted under art. 148 sections 2 penal code and art. 149 penal code.

Affect↗

PubMed1994

Some observations on acquired oesophageal obstruction in paediatric patients in Tanzania: a 5-year review.

Thirteen consecutive paediatric patients with acquired oesophageal obstruction were managed at the Paediatric Surgical Unit (PSU) of Muhimbili Medical Centre (MMC), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between January 1988 and December, 1992 inclusive. There were seven males and six females. The ages of onset ranged from the neonatal period to 6 years, with seven (54%) of them being within 2 years of age. Ten (77%) of the patients had corrosive strictures, caused by the ingestion of caustic soda 4, hair-plaiting chemicals 5, and kerosene one. Two of the remaining patients had non-corrosive strictures following measles in one and candidiasis in the other, while in the last case (a newborn), the obstruction was due to post-traumatic retropharyngeal haematoma from attempted infanticide. All but one of the patients were managed with oesophageal dilation, with or without a preliminary feeding gastrostomy. Six (50%) of the stricture cases died, all of them having had corrosive strictures. The main cause of mortality was complications of oesophageal dilatation.

Barium Sulfate↗

PubMed1976

Masochism, the ego ideal, and the psychology of women.

Psychoanalytic advances have led to refinement and reformulation of early models of female personality development. Masochism was taken as a point of departure for a study of the psychology of women and earlier hypotheses of a masochistic and inferior female psychic structure. Masochism is a residue of unresolved infantile conflict and is neither essentially feminine nor a valuable component of mature female function and character. Though the female might be more predisposed to masochism, there is no evidence of particular female pleasure in pain. It is important to distinguish between masochistic suffering as a goal in itself, and tolerance for a discomfort or deprivation in the service of the ego or ego ideal. Initial hypotheses of a diminished female libido, ego tendencies toward arrest and rigidity, relative inability to sublimate, and a deficient superego are incomplete and obsolete theoretical propositions. The female ego and superego are different from but not inferior to the male. Female development cannot be described in a simple reductionism and overgeneralization. Femininity cannot be predominantly derived from a primary masculinity, disappointed maleness, masochistic resignation to fantasied inferiority, or compensation for fantasied castration and narcissistic injury. Castration reactions and penis envy contribute to feminine character, but penis envy is not the major determinant of femininity. Penis envy variously impedes and fosters femininity but penis envy is more closely related to the girl's bisexual masculinity. The female Oedipus complex is central to feminine development, but has significant normative roots in primary and positive feminine identifications and individuation. Contemporary contributions to the psychology of women have emphasized concepts of gender and sexual identity, body image and self-representation, psychosexual response and empathic motherliness, etc. The female superego includes an ego ideal with feminine ideals and values and regulates feminine interests. The maternal ego ideal consolidates overdetermined maternal attitudes, guides the formation and integration of maternal attitudes, and directs the developmental achievement of "the ordinary devoted mother." Conflicts between the maternal ego ideal and infanticidal impulses are ubiquitous and clinically significant. Current theoretical amendments conceptualize mature female autonomy, pride, and self-esteem. Female creativity may be exemplified in many and new forms in addition to motherhood. The capacity to sublimate and to foster sublimation in children is a prerequisite for normal motherhood. Femininity evolves under the influence of parents and culture, with unique developmental challenges and transformations, and a universal psychobiological core linked to functions and roles that should be neither idealized nor devalued.

Ego↗

PubMed1996

An autopsy case of abandoned infant body with severe destruction.

One case of infanticide and abandonment by the natural mother is presented. The body was extensively damaged, evidently by a fox. Fortunately, since the body showed less advanced putrefaction due to cold weather, it was possible to narrow down the cause of death and to detect the drug which had been forced down the victim's throat before the crime. However, our estimates of age and postmortem interval were erroneous. We comment as to why we were misled. Pathological problems associated with "aspiration of vomitus" are also discussed.

Age Determination by Teeth↗

PubMed1996

Postpartum depressive disorders.

Despite the high prevalence of postpartum depressive disorders, many signs and symptoms of this illness are dismissed as normal physiologic changes associated with childbirth. Prompt recognition and treatment are imperative in order to limit the negative impact on both the mother and infant. Mood disturbances may have a minor functional impact that respond well to social support (eg. postpartum blues) or cause significant functional compromise requiring more aggressive therapy (eg. postpartum depression). The most extreme case of postpartum depressive disorder, postpartum psychosis, occurs when patients develop psychosis, mania, or thoughts of infanticide. Depression during pregnancy or the presence of risk factors suggests the need for careful follow-up. If postpartum depression develops, psychotherapy is the first-line treatment. Antidepressant treatment may be warranted for some patients, and the risks and benefits to both the mother and infant should be considered in the decision to institute pharmacotherapy.

Antidepressive Agents↗

PubMed1997

Gene-Culture Coevolution and Sex Ratios: II. Sex-Chromosomal Distorters and Cultural Preferences for Offspring Sex

Cultural preferences for the sex of offspring may produce behavior, such as female infanticide, sex-selective abortion and sex-selective parental investment, which alter the sex ratio in a population. Empirical evidence suggests that some genetic sex-ratio distorters are located on the sex chromosomes. Interactions between cultural preferences and sex-linked sex-ratio distorters are examined. Criteria for the spread of cultural preferences and sex-chromosomal distorter alleles are derived analytically, and the coevolution of preferences and distorters is examined through numerical iteration. Evolutionary equilibria and trajectories of gene-culture interactions involving sex-chromosomal distorter alleles may produce severely male- or female-biased primary sex ratios and adult sex ratios in populations. Adult sex ratios, primary sex ratios, allele frequencies and the prevalence of cultural preferences in the population are sensitive to initial conditions and cultural transmission parameters. During the coevolutionary process phenoallelic association is observed in many cases and is associated with unusual dynamics. Copyright 1997 Academic Press

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Mutual effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection and pregnancy in experimental C57 BL/6 black mice.

Sixty female C57BL/6 mice were infected with 40 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae each. Seven weeks later, they were mated with normal syngeneic males. Uninfected mice (30) were bred in parallel, and both groups were bred several more times with daily records of pregnancy, delivery and number of offsprings. The number of pregnancy was 146, with 50 survived infants (34.2%) in contrast to 121 pregnancy with 93 survived infants (76.8%) in controls. The outcome of pregnancy was 13% abortion, 10.9% maternal death and 41.7% infanticide. The weight of offspring at 2 and 4 weeks of age was significantly less than in controls (P < 0.01). Again, C57BL/6 (40) female mice were mated, then infected with 100 S. mansoni cercariae each. The results showed that, pregnancy had no effect on bilharzial infection as the total worm burden and distribution, hepatic and intestinal tissue egg count and the oogram profile, were not significantly differ from that in the control group (20). Besides, the immediate footpad swelling was significantly higher but the delayed footpad swelling and the level of antibodies against S. mansoni soluble egg antigen were insignificantly differ from that present in the parallel control (infected but not pregnant). As regards histopathological parameters, although there was insignificant difference in the size of hepatic granuloma, yet there was more collagenous fibrous tissue deposition distributed in-between inflammatory cells specially at the periphery of the granuloma.

Animals↗

PubMed1993