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PubMed1984

[Incest : finding a place to speak.].

"Children constitute the least organized population and the most exploited one, in the face of a society which is incapable of viewing the phenomenon of human sexuality in a realistic fashion" (Swift, 1983). If it was trying for a child to live through an incestuous situation, it is equally trying to speak of it. The focus of this article will be these children, now grown up. All have borne the weight of their secret for a long time. We have tried to find a method to permit them to unload it, or at least to share it.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1981

Language patterns of opponents to a child protection program.

A community effort was made to help sexually abused girls and a "pro-incest lobby" was uncovered. This report focuses on the language used to deny or obscure the occurrence of father-daughter incest. As children's rights advocates, the authors attempted to provide a lexicon, a dictionary for the clinician, so that efforts to condone incest will not be overlooked but refuted. Both in the past and the present, instances of incest have been rationalized away by health care professionals, members of the legal profession and the community at large. The incidence of incest is higher than the increasing number of actual cases reported. The vocabulary that systematically drives certain resistances and defenses to the surface, in opposition to child protection in such cases, is analyzed by the authors. The "dynamics" involved in the realization of incest as a psychologically damaging situation for the child are complex. The social influences on the individual and the married couple, that serve to make incest a closely kept secret, are examined. The authors express hope that their linguistic analysis will help to alert all persons who work in the broad field of child abuse and child protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sexual interactions among siblings and cousins: experimentation or exploitation?

Incest by cousins has not been well documented compared with sibling incest. The purpose of this study was to describe the features of incest by cousins and siblings presenting to a sexual assault center and to differentiate cases of abusive behavior from normal sexual exploration. Four criteria were considered indicative of abusive behavior: (1) age difference of greater than or equal to 5 years between victim and perpetrator; (2) use of force, threat, or authority by abuser; (3) attempted penile penetration; and (4) documented injury in victim. Of 831 sexually abused children less than 14 years of age evaluated for sexual assault complaints, 49 cases of cousin incest (5.9%) and 35 cases of sibling incest (4.2%) were identified. A total of 54 male cousins abused 8 boys and 41 girls; brothers abused 3 boys and 32 girls. The victims' median age was 5 years for cousins and 7 years for siblings. The perpetrators' mean age was 16.2 years for cousins and 15.5 years for siblings, with only 16 (19%) of all perpetrators being greater than 16 years old. Of the perpetrators, 66 (79%) were greater than or equal to 5 years older than their victims. All 18 victims with age differences of less than 5 years met one or more of the other abusive criteria. A similar pattern of adolescent perpetrators having abusive sexual contact with young children was demonstrated by analysis of cousin incest and sibling incest in this study. Appropriate case management requires understanding of normal sexual experimentation and recognition of the abusive nature of these cases.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Gay and bisexual adolescent boys' sexual experiences with men: an empirical examination of psychological correlates in a nonclinical sample.

Over the last quarter century the incest model, with its image of helpless victims exploited and traumatized by powerful perpetrators, has come to dominate perceptions of virtually all forms of adult-minor sex. Thus, even willing sexual relations between gay or bisexual adolescent boys and adult men, which differ from father-daughter incest in many important ways, are generally seen by the lay public and professionals as traumatizing and psychologically injurious. This study assessed this common perception by examining a nonclinical, mostly college sample of gay and bisexual men. Of the 129 men in the study, 26 were identified as having had age-discrepant sexual relations (ADSRs) as adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age with adult males. Men with ADSR experiences were as well adjusted as controls in terms of self-esteem and having achieved a positive sexual identity. Reactions to the ADSRs were predominantly positive, and most ADSRs were willingly engaged in. Younger adolescents were just as willing and reacted at least as positively as older adolescents. Data on sexual identity development indicated that ADSRs played no role in creating same-sex sexual interests, contrary to the "seduction" hypothesis. Findings were inconsistent with the incest model. The incest model has come to act as a procrustean bed, narrowly dictating how adult-minor sexual relations quite different from incest are perceived.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incestuous experience among Korean adolescents: prevalence, family problems, perceived family dynamics, and psychological characteristics.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of incest among Korean adolescents and to determine the family problems, perceived family dynamics, and psychological consequences associated with incest in South Korea. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed, using an anonymous, self-reporting questionnaire. Data were analyzed by percentages, Chi-square, and t-test statistical analyses, using SAS software program. SAMPLE: A total of 1,672 adolescents (1,053 student adolescents and 619 delinquent adolescents) were selected using proportional stratified random sampling method in this study. RESULTS: The results showed a 3.7% prevalence of incest in the tested Korean population. Families in which incest occurred were characterized by higher levels of problems, such as psychotic disorders, depression, criminal acts, and alcoholism among family members. Adolescent incest victims showed significantly more dysfunctional and unhealthy in terms of family dynamics and expressed significantly higher maladaptive and problematic psychological patterns than nonvictimized adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings identified some of the family problems and dysfunctional family dynamics may associate with intrafamilial child sexual abuse in Korea. Therefore, when an allegation of intrafamilial sexual abuse is made, health professionals should carry out a comprehensive assessment of their family dynamics and an evaluation of the impact of the abuse on the child and family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

"I no longer believe": did Freud abandon the seduction theory?

Recent accounts of the seduction theory and the question of its abandonment have emphasized the continuity of Freud's work before and after the seduction theory, claiming that Freud did not abandon his concern with the event of seduction but rather came to appreciate that an understanding of fantasy was also essential. This claim is challenged. It is shown that Freud did abandon the passionate concerns of his seduction theory for the most part; that he left behind his early interest in reconstructing unconscious infantile incest and focused instead on later, conscious seduction; that he at times clearly reduced apparent paternal incest to fantasy; that he turned away from the phenomenology of incest he had begun to develop; and that he theoretically nullified the value of the difference between real and fantasied seduction. It is also shown that, contrary to a persistent concern in psychoanalytic history, attention to actual seduction need not detract from the essential psychoanalytic concern with fantasy and infantile sexuality. Thinking about incest specifically illuminates the capacity for fantasizing, the core of the Freudian psyche. In this way the intuition of the seduction theory that there is something of distinctive psychoanalytic significance about incest finds support.

Fantasy↗
PubMed1983

Recognizing the incestuous family.

Family physicians are in the best position to diagnose incest because of the nature of their practice. Yet many cases of incest are not recognized by the medical community and many incest victims are thus untreated. There are several behavioral and medical clues to incest, which the family physician needs to know in order to recognize incest early and improve the prognosis. Treatment is directed at the whole family, rather than just the active participants. Further research is needed to improve the application of various treatment modalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Homicidal sex offenders: psychological, phallometric, and diagnostic features.

Homicidal sex offenders represent an understudied population in the forensic literature. Forty-eight homicidal sex offenders assessed between 1982 and 1992 were studied in relation to a comparison group of incest offenders. Historical features, commonly used psychological inventories, criminal histories, phallometric assessments, and DSM diagnoses were collected on each group. The homicidal sex offenders, compared with the incest offenders, self-reported that they had more frequently been removed from their homes during childhood and had more violence and forensic psychiatric contact in their histories. On the self-report psychological inventories, the homicidal sex offenders portrayed themselves as functioning significantly better in the areas of sexuality (Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory) and aggression/hostility (Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory). However, on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), researchers rated the homiciders significantly more psychopathic than the incest offenders on Factor 1 (personality traits) and Factor 2 (antisocial history). Police records revealed the homicidal subjects also had been charged or convicted of more violent and nonviolent nonsexual offenses. The phallometric assessments indicated that the homicidal sex offenders demonstrated higher levels of response to pedophilic stimuli and were significantly more aroused to stimuli depicting assaultive acts to children, relative to the incest offenders. Despite the homiciders' self-reports of fairly good psychological functioning, DSM-III diagnoses reliably discriminated between the groups. A large number of homicidal sex offenders were diagnosed as suffering from psychosis, antisocial personality disorder, paraphilias, sexual sadism, sexual sadism with pedophilia, and substance abuse. Seventy-five percent of the homicidal sex offenders had three or more diagnoses compared with six percent of the incest offenders. The article addresses the role of "hard" versus "soft" measures in the assessment and treatment of violent sex offenders. In addition, the usefulness of phallometric assessments and the PCL-R and its subscales are considered.

Adolescent↗