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Chemical synthesis of the 24 RNA fragments corresponding to hop stunt viroid.

A general and practical synthetic method of oligoribonucleotides (10-20 mers) by using the cyanoethyl phosphoramidite approach was described. In this experiment 9-phenylxanthen-9-yl (Pix) and 9-(4-methoxy)phenylxanthen-9-yl (Mox) groups were employed for the 5'-hydroxyls and tetrahydropyranyl (Thp) group was used for the 2'-hydroxyl protecting groups. In addition, suitable acyl groups were introduced for the protection of the lactam functions of guanine and uracil moieties.

Base Sequence↗

Site-specific genetic recombination: hops, flips, and flops.

Genetic recombination plays a key role in the life of organisms as diverse as bacteriophages and humans. Contrary to our idea that chromosomes are stable structures, studies of recombination over the past few decades have shown that in fact DNA replicons are remarkably plastic, undergoing frequent recombination-induced rearrangements. This review summarizes our recent knowledge of the biochemistry of the two major classes of site-specific recombination: 1) transpositional recombination, and 2) conservative site-specific recombination.

Bacteriophages↗

Island hopping in Drosophila: patterns and processes.

Radiation of Drosophila along the Hawaiian archipelago has resulted in an astounding array of diversity. The speciation in this group corresponds well to the geological history of the region and colonization events appear to have been a major contributing factor. Although much less impressive in terms of diversity, Drosophila have also radiated throughout the Caribbean islands. In contrast to the pattern exhibited in Hawaii, major changes that distinguish the species in the Caribbean are not always coupled to colonization events. The patterns of speciation for these two island groups are compared and contrasted in light of founder effect speciation models.

Animals↗