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PubMed2002

Preferred partner characteristics in homosexual men in relation to speculated patterns of brain differentiation.

OBJECTIVES: The current study was designed to test a neurohormonally based theory of sexual orientation and preferred partner characteristics in homosexual men. The theory holds that the brains of homosexual men are masculinized and feminized directing attraction to targets younger and more masculine than self, and the brains of homosexual adolescents are incompletely masculinized and feminized directing attraction to targets older and more masculine than self. METHODS: Ninety-six homosexual men completed questionnaires that asked them to rate morphological and behavioral characteristics associated with ethologically relevant indicators of masculinity. The participants made ratings for themselves as adolescents and adults, their current partners and idealized partners as adults, and their idealized partners as adolescents. RESULTS: Results of within-subjects multivariate analyses of variance supported most of the hypotheses. Participants as adults rated their idealized partners as more masculine than themselves and their real partners on five measures: height, weight, muscle development, facial hair, and sexuality. As adolescents they indicated a preference for males older and more masculine than self. The participants in adulthood did not show the predicted preference for partners younger than themselves. CONCLUSION: The increased ratings of sexuality for self from adolescence to adulthood support the contention that some additional masculinization of the brain may occur with aging. The increased ratings of body size for the idealized target from adolescence to adulthood keeps the target more masculine then self across developmental periods. This phenomenon is consistent with the speculated feminization of the brain at both periods and its effects on partner preferences.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Homosexuality and psychiatric disorders: correlation not shown].

A secondary analysis of part of the data collected for the Netherlands mental-health survey and incidence study, revealed that homosexual men and women have a higher chance of psychiatric disorders than heterosexuals. However, there are some serious doubts about the reliability and validity of these results. These concern the validity of the measuring instrument used for homosexual populations (the Composite International Diagnostic Interview), the representativeness of the sample of homosexuals participating in the study, and the statistical analysis of the raw data. In discussing their analysis, the authors pay too little attention to methodological flaws, which might explain their findings. In general, they seem to underestimate the methodological and ethical complications associated with this type of comparative research. Therefore, the study offers no hard scientific evidence to support the contention that homosexuals show a much higher rate of psychiatric disorders in comparison to heterosexuals.

Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic↗
PubMed2002

Pediatric residents' knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards homosexually oriented youth.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric residents must have clinical exposure and specific training to meet the health-care needs of gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents. Homosexually oriented youths have medical and psychosocial needs that these future pediatricians must fulfil. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the knowledge and attitudes of pediatric residents in the management of gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth and related health-care issues. METHOD: Twenty-nine pediatric residents at the University of Ottawa were sent a survey questionnaire. RESULTS: Many respondents indicated that they experience difficulties in discussing issues of sexual orientation, and feel inadequately prepared to address the health-care needs of homosexual youth. Furthermore, respondents showed a lack of awareness regarding resources available to gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth in the community. CONCLUSION: While knowledge is limited, residents' attitudes towards homosexual youth are generally positive. Also, most respondents indicate an interest in continuing education, and in gaining more information to better serve their homosexually oriented adolescent patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Detection of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV) IgG and IgM using ELISA in transsexuals and homosexuals].

In this study, the sera of 12 cases of transsexuals with vaginoplasty and 15 cases of homosexuals have been investigated with ELISA from the view point of HSV-2 IgG and IgM. Twenty-five cases were within the 18-26 age groups and the other 2 transsexuals were 36 years old. Our study group has not significant clinical pathology. All of the 27 cases of transsexuals and homosexuals have been found positive for HSV-2 IgG. In 7 cases HSV-2 IgM have been found positive, the other 20 cases gave negative results. In the one third of the transsexuals and one fifth of the homosexuals, HSV-2 IgG have been found positive. Twenty-six percent of seropositivity in transsexuals and homosexuals show that they are the significant risk group for HSV-2 infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The clinical characteristics of schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis occurring with psychopathological phenomena of a homosexual content].

Based on clinico-psychopathological and catamnestic examinations of 118 patients, the authors studied and compared the characteristics of the clinical picture, dynamics and outcome of schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis associated with delirious, hallucinatory and pseudohallucinatory disorders of homosexual nature. Base the prognostic importance of psychopathological phenomena of homosexual nature in patients with schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis. The rise in the clinical picture of schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis of the portion of psychopathological phenomena of homosexual nature, not entering the number of permanent and necessary manifestations of the indicated clinico-nosological forms of psychoses, occurring, however, in the rudimentary form may be viewed as a manifestation of pathomorphism. It has been demonstrated that if schizophrenia and acute alcoholic hallucinosis are associated with psychopathological phenomena of homosexual nature, this may enhance the risk of the committing by the patients of grave aggressive and suicidal actions.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗
PubMed1990

Differences among mononuclear cell subpopulations in HIV seropositive or seronegative homosexual and heterosexual men as determined by four-color flow cytometry.

Four-color cell surface immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis was used to quantitate mononuclear cell subpopulations from HIV seropositive (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV-) homosexual men and heterosexual men. HIV+ men were divided into two groups based on peripheral blood CD4/mm3 of greater than 500 or less than 500. CD4+ cells that were simultaneously CD45R-, CDw29-, and 13- were significantly less in HIV+ men with less than 500 CD4/mm3 (17%) compared to heterosexual men (34%). This lower percentage of "CD4 only" cells in HIV+ males with less than 500 CD4/mm3 correlated with a significantly higher percentage of CD4+ cells that were CD45R+, CDw29+, and 13+ in these individuals. CD8+ cells that were CD45R+, 13+, but CD38-, were significantly less in HIV+ men with less than 500 CD4 as compared to HIV- homosexual men. In contrast, a second CD8+ subpopulation that was CD45R-, CD38+, and either 13+ or 13- was significantly greater in less than 500 HIV+ men as compared to both HIV- homosexual men and heterosexual men. A significant difference in this subpopulation was observed between the less than 500 and greater than 500 HIV+ groups and correlated with seropositivity for viral p24 antigen. Interestingly, CD8+ cells that were CD45R+, as well as CD38+, and either 13+ or 13- were significantly greater in the less than 500 HIV+ group compared to the greater than 500 HIV+ group, and did not correlate with p24 seropositivity. The percentage of monocyte/macrophages that were CD4- or expressed dim CD4 immunofluorescence, but were 13+, was significantly greater in HIV+ men (43%) compared to HIV- homosexual men (27%). In summary, we have identified previously undescribed mononuclear cell subpopulations that were altered with HIV infection and, in some cases, correlated with the stage of disease.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1990

No association between herpes simplex virus type-2 seropositivity or anogenital lesions and HIV seroconversion among homosexual men.

Recent reports have suggested that HSV-2 infection and associated anogenital ulcerations represent an important risk factor for acquisition of HIV infection. Although this is an appealing biological hypothesis, inferences drawn for homosexual men, as well as other at-risk populations, must be made after careful consideration of methods to control for potential confounding data. This report utilized a nested case-control study in which 49 homosexual HIV seroconverters were compared to 49 homosexual seronegative men matched on the prior level of receptive anal intercourse. No differences were observed for prior HSV-2 infection, since 21/49 (43%) of matched HIV seronegative men were HSV-2 antibody positive and 21/49 (43%) of HIV seroconverters were HSV-2 antibody positive at the visit 6 months before HIV seroconversion (odds ratio of 1.0, 95% confidence limits of 0.3-2.9) Similar findings were also observed for prior HSV-1 infection. Both self-reported symptoms and physical exam findings suggestive of HSV infection were rare during the 12 months prior to seroconversion and not associated with HIV seroconversion. These data do not support HSV-2 as a risk factor for seroconversion to HIV among homosexual men studied. These results should not be generalized to heterosexual transmission of HIV, particularly in Africa, where both an increased prevalence of genital ulcerative diseases and different etiologies have been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sexually transmitted diseases and enteric infections in the male homosexual population.

There are certain special considerations in the management of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in homosexual men, with the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the presentation, diagnosis, and management of certain STDs just becoming apparent recently. Rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhea are usually asymptomatic and also more difficult to treat. The serological diagnosis of syphillis may be unreliable in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, and HIV-seropositive homosexual men may be at risk of accelerated progression to neurosyphilis, despite treatment with benzathine penicillin. Chlamydia trachomatis is infrequently detected in patients with proctitis so therapy should be directed only at culture-positive cases. Herpes simplex is usually severe and persistent in immunosuppressed patients and may be further complicated by the development of acyclovir-resistance. Concurrent HIV infection may be associated with increased infectivity of homosexual chronic hepatitis B carriers, but milder hepatic injury and reduced efficacy of hepatitis B vaccines and immodulatory or antiviral agents. Although there is some concern regarding the possibility of increased risk of anal cancer in homosexual men, conservative management of human papilloma-virus-associated conditions is advised. The carriage of Entamoeba histolytica in this group is rarely associated with any deleterious effects and treatment should be directed only at symptomatic patients in whom other enteric pathogens have been excluded.

Homosexuality↗
PubMed1985

Human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type III (HTLV-III) in Danish homosexuals.

Sera from 119 patients attending a venereal disease clinic in Copenhagen during May 1983 were screened for antibodies to the newly characterized and isolated retrovirus HTLV-III. Ten out of 45 (22%) homosexual patients and two out of 74 (2.7%) heterosexual patients were found to have antibodies against HTLV-III. The homosexual group (except one case that developed AIDS and died during one year observation period) contained otherwise healthy men some of which had no contact with individuals from high-risk areas and only a few sexual partners. These results strongly suggest that Danish homosexuals with only few contacts are also at risk and that sero-epidemiological studies should also include the healthy homosexual group and probably the heterosexual group attending venereal disease clinics.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of HIV infection on hepatitis B virus infection in homosexual patients].

Clinical expression and outcome of hepatis B virus infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection (without AIDS) were studied in 17 homosexuals during 23 months. In an attempt to distinguish the respective impacts of homosexuality from that of human immuno-deficiency virus, patient were compared with a population of homosexual males infected by hepatitis B virus alone. The ratio of biochemical evidence of liver cell necrosis (ALAT)/viral replication (DNAp) was significatively decreased (p less than 0.01), despite evidence of severe histological damage in some cases. Two-thirds of patients with HBV replication tolerated HBV infection at the end of follow-up. This tolerance was significatively more common than in homosexuals infected by HBV alone (p less than 0.01), and did not appear to be related to decreased T4 cell count but seemed to correlate with the existence of the AIDS related complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Fulminant amebic colitis in a homosexual man.

This report describes a case of fulminant amebic colitis leading to perforation and death in a 35-yr-old homosexual man. Although Entamoeba histolytica may be isolated from stool specimens in 20 to 30% of selected homosexual populations, reports of severe or invasive disease are rare. Some workers have suggested that amebae are only passive colonizers of the colon in homosexual men. In our patient, pathological examination confirmed the presence of extensive colitis with penetration of amebae through the bowel wall. Pertinent data concerning pathogenicity of E. histolytica in homosexuals are reviewed and the public health implications of a virulent strain of amebae are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Proliferative responses to human cytomegalovirus in lymphocyte cultures of male homosexuals.

29 healthy adults and 32 male homosexuals were investigated for their humoral and cellular immunity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In contrast to 30% of the controls, all homosexuals had HCMV serum antibodies. In addition, 84% of the homosexuals reacted positively in HCMV induced in vitro lymphocyte proliferation as compared to 66% of the controls. The study group also showed significantly higher mean reactivities in the lymphoproliferative response towards HCMV. In the group of homosexuals, a correlation could be established between the humoral and cellular immune reactivity to HCMV.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Precipitable immune complexes in healthy homosexual men, acquired immune deficiency syndrome and the related lymphadenopathy syndrome.

Increased levels of 3% PEG precipitable circulating immune complexes (CIC) were found in healthy homosexual men, in homosexual patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and in the AIDS related lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS). The degree of CIC elevation increases from healthy homosexual men to LAS and AIDS. Patients suffering from AIDS associated with opportunistic infections had a more pronounced increase in CIC than patients with AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma. In LAS and AIDS the amount of CIC correlated with the degree of inversion of the T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio, whereas in healthy homosexual men with increased levels of CIC the T4/T8 ratio was not significantly altered. Laser nephelometric partial components analysis revealed that these complexes were of a complement poor subtype with low component levels of C4, C1q and C3c. IgM and IgG were found to be the major components. It is suggested that these CIC might represent a marker of the total antigenic burden of the immune system. Possibly, they are of prognostic and monitoring value for clinical handling of patients at risk for AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

A study on antisperm antibody in homosexual men.

Using a hemagglutination assay we surveyed antibody distribution to human sperm antigen in a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic population and in an AIDS study group. We found no significant difference for the mean antisperm antibody titres between sexually active heterosexual men, women or homosexual men, homosexual men with or without AIDS, and no correlation between T4/T8 lymphocyte ratios and antibody titres in homosexual men. We conclude that levels of antibody to sperm antigens are not significantly greater in homosexual men and antisperm antibody levels do not correlate with the diagnosis of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Abnormal in vitro proliferation and differentiation of T colony forming cells in AIDS patients and clinically normal male homosexuals.

T cell colonies were generated from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 11 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 17 normal male and female heterosexuals and seven clinically normal male homosexuals. Mononuclear cells were cultured in methylcellulose both in the absence and presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) containing conditioned medium. Clinically normal homosexuals showed a low number of T4+ (P less than 0.01) but not T8+ cells. The number of T cell colony forming cells (T-CFC) from both AIDS patients and homosexuals was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced compared to T-CFC from normal heterosexuals. In seven and four out of 11 AIDS patients, T-CFC from peripheral blood and bone marrow, respectively, were able to generate colonies in the absence of added growth factors and/or mitogenic stimulation. Pooled spontaneous and induced colonies from AIDS patients as well as induced colonies from normal homosexuals were composed of immature cells bearing the T3+, T4+, T6+ T8+ surface phenotype, unlike colonies from normal heterosexuals which displayed mature cells bearing the T3+ T4+ T6- and T3+ T8+ T6- surface phenotype. Moreover, most T-CFC from primary spontaneous and induced colonies had lost their self-renewal capacity either in the absence or the presence of added growth factors. These results suggest that early impairment of T-CFC may play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Elevated allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in peripheral blood leukocytes of homosexual men.

Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from male homosexual and heterosexual volunteers who did not have evidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied for their ability to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro to allogeneic stimulator PBL from a single individual or from a pool of donors (allo-pool). Seventeen of 39 homosexual donors generated strong primary CTL activity to a single randomly selected stimulator donor, whereas only two of 16 heterosexual donors generated a strong CTL response to the same stimulators. A more detailed study was performed by using PBL from 11 of the homosexual and five of the heterosexual donors, in which CTL responses to the allo-pool were repeatedly tested over a 14-mo period. The response status of the donors that were strong and weak or moderate responders did not change during this period. No correlation of strength of CTL activity was observed with the following: HLA mismatching between responder and stimulator; proportion of OKT4+ and OKT8+ subsets in peripheral blood; antibodies to HTLV-III; antibody titers to hepatitis B, Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, or HLA alloantigens; homosexual practices; or circulating immune complex levels, although a statistical correlation by multivariate analysis was observed between elevated allogeneic CTL and a combination of other factors. The findings are discussed with respect to possible relevance to AIDS susceptibility and development.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Frequency, multiplicity and repertoire of intestinal protozoa in healthy homosexual men and in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Various conventional parasitological methods were used to study three faecal samples from 153 homosexual men and 119 patients with abdominal symptoms. In 59.5% of the homosexual men 198 protozoa were identified, and in 31.9% of the patients the number of protozoa was 51. Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia were more frequent in the patients, while various amoebae were more frequent in the homosexual men. The frequency, multiplicity and repertoire of intestinal protozoa in the homosexual men were very similar to those reported from other parts of the world, but quite different from those associated with gastrointestinal illness in the local general population.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1977

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg. Prevalence in homosexual and heterosexual men.

The prevalence rates of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) were 5.6% and 34% in 144 homosexual men in Seattle. Prevalence rates were only 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 heterosexual male venereal disease clinic patients with nongonococcal urethritis, and also 0.9% and 3.6% in 111 healthy men undergoing routine physical examinations. Thus, previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) was estimated to be 8.8 times greater for homosexual men than for heterosexual men. Four of four HBsAg positive sera from homosexual men were subtyped as "ad," whereas subtype "ay" is preponderant in intravenous drug abusers. Future public health measures to control HBV infection should address the prevention of sexually transmitted HBV infection among homosexual men.

Adult↗