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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Percutaneous catheter-aided infarction of renal tumors: a preliminary report.

Three patients with moderate-sized cell carcinomas underwent percutaneous catheter-aided gelfoam embolization several days prior to an operation. Reduction of the vascular bed of the tumors shortened operative time and simplified the procedure. In the future these patients, along with others, will be followed to determine if reduction of tumor size by necrosis will alter the immune mechanism of the metastases. Even our small series and short followup illustrate that embolization is a simple and logical extension of diagnostic catheterization.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Elective transcatheter renal artery occlusion prior to nephrectomy.

An hour before nephrectomy 10 patients with hypernephroma and 2 with pyonephrosis underwent occlusion of the renal arteries with gelfoam via selective catheterization, using the Seldinger percutaneous technique. This technique facilitated the operation by collapsing the renal and perirenal veins, decreased blood loss and prevented the dissemination of tumor cells or septic emboli from organ manipulation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

A novel rodent mammary window of orthotopic breast cancer for intravital microscopy.

Orthotopic and ectopic organ environments differentially influence tumor growth, metastasis, and sensitivity to therapy. In this study we present a novel rodent mammary window of orthotopic breast cancer, which is amenable to study of microvascular function and angiogenesis in this orthotopic site. The skin around the nipple of selected mammary glands of female Fischer 344 rats was removed and the nipple was cut at its base. R3230Ac tumor fragments or cells in Gelfoam were aseptically implanted into the nipple sinus. An acrylic disk was placed on top of the implant and was sutured in place. Histology showed that tumors were well established within 5 days. Similar techniques were also applied to BALB/c mice transplanted with 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cells. With GFP-expressing tumor cells and serial observations, we demonstrated unique patterns of tumor cell proliferation and vascularization in both tumor models. The images obtained were comparable to those from the dorsal skinfold window chambers. This model will allow for study of tumor microcirculatory function, angiogenesis, tumor cell-host interactions, and evaluation of effects of various treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Preoperative embolization of meningiomas fed by ophthalmic branch arteries.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of preoperative embolization for hypervascular meningiomas mainly fed by the branches of the ophthalmic arteries was examined. CASES AND METHODS: Five hypervascular meningiomas mainly fed by the branches of the ophthalmic arteries, four posterior ethmoidal arteries, one anterior falx artery, and one recurrent middle meningeal artery were embolized with Gel-foam powder, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles, and/or microcoils as a preoperative treatment using a microcatheter. RESULTS: Catheterization of the ophthalmic and tumor feeding artery was possible and feeding arteries and lesion embolization were effective to reduce the bleeding during surgery in all cases. In three cases, visual acuity and visual field were preserved. However, in one case, visual acuity and visual field defect appeared due to the migration of Gelfoam powder (Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) into the retinal artery. In another case, the retinal artery was embolized with the feeding arteries since the patient was already blind. CONCLUSION: Embolization of hypervascular meningioma feeding vessels arising from the ophthalmic artery is possible and effective with preservation of vision, if embolic agents are injected gently enough not to reflux into the central retinal artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Anterior cervical micro-dural repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistula after surgery for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Technical note.

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas may occur during anterior cervical surgery performed for the resection of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), as OPLL occasionally erodes to and through the dura. These fistulas have been variously managed with gelfoam, dural substitutes sutured in place, fibrin glue, lumbar drains, and lumboperitoneal shunts. However, more adequate dural repair is now feasible with the 1.4-mm microdural titanium stapler. METHODS: A 59-year-old female with OPLL and moderate to severe myelopathy (Nurick Grade IV) had a C3-C7 anterior corpectomy with fusion using Orion plates followed by a C3-T1 posterior wiring and fusion with halo application. During the anterior approach, a 5-mm CSF fistula at C4-C5 was directly repaired under the operating microscope using a 1.4-mm microdural stapler, bovine pericardial graft, and fibrin glue. Immediately postoperatively, a lumboperitoneal shunt was also placed. RESULTS: Postoperatively, her myelopathy improved to a mild to moderate level (Nurick Grade II). Her acute left deltoid plegia resolved within 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The 1.4-mm microdural stapler makes "watertight" closure of anterior cervical CSF fistulas more feasible.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Perineal abscess after embolization for high-flow priapism.

High-flow priapism is unusual and is most often due to blunt perineal trauma with resultant laceration of the cavernosal artery, creating an arteriocavernosal fistula. Although few cases have been reported, the consensus on management appears to be embolization of the fistula with autologous clot, alone or in combination with Gelfoam. We present a case of high-flow priapism treated in this manner. The embolized pseudoaneurysm evolved into an abscess that eventually spread to the perineum. The rarity of this entity and the postprocedural morbidity are reported.

Abscess↗
PubMed1996

High-flow priapism associated with Fabry's disease in a child: a case report and review of the literature.

We report a case of priapism in an 11-year-old boy known to have Fabry's disease. High flow was confirmed by color flow Doppler ultrasound and intracorporal blood gas measurements. Successful treatment was achieved by unilateral percutaneous Gelfoam embolization of the left internal pudendal artery. Previously reported cases of priapism associated with Fabry's disease were identified through a MEDLINE search of the English literature and review of the publications. Five reported cases of priapism associated with Fabry's disease were found, including those of 3 children. A report of a child with high-flow priapism that did not respond to conventional treatment including cavernovenous shunting was noted. Priapsim associated with Fabry's disease may be caused by unregulated high arterial inflow. Early recognition of the underlying pathophysiology may identify those cases that would be amenable to percutaneous embolization therapy and may obviate the need to pursue other ineffective conventional treatments.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of setting properties and retention characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate when used as a furcation perforation repair material.

Furcation perforations were created in 32 extracted maxillary and mandibular molars. The perforations were prepared in the center of the pulp chamber floor parallel to the long axis of each tooth and a saline-moistened Gelfoam matrix was placed below the perforation to simulate a clinical condition. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups, and the perforations were all repaired with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and then covered with either a wet or dry cotton pellet for 24 or 72 h. Instron testing was used to measure the force required to displace the material from the perforation. The force measurements showed that MTA resisted displacement at 72 h to a significantly greater level than at 24 h (p < 0.05). When slight displacement occurred at 24 h the material demonstrated the ability to re-establish resistance to dislodgement from the dentin wall. The presence of some moisture in the perforation during placement was advantageous in aiding adaptation of MTA to the walls of the perforation, but there was no significant difference in MTA retention when a wet or dry cotton pellet was placed in the pulp chamber during the setting time (p > 0.05).

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2002

Transplantation of genetically modified cells contributes to repair and recovery from spinal injury.

The effects of transplantation of fibroblasts genetically modified to produce brain derived neurotrophin factor (Fb/BDNF) on rescue of axotomized neurons, axonal growth and recovery of function was tested in a lateral funiculus lesion model in adult rats. Operated control animals included those in which the lesion was filled with gelfoam implant (Hx) and those in which the cavity was filled with unmodified fibroblasts (Fb). Both Fb/BDNF and Fb transplants survived and filled the lesion site. Unoperated control groups showed a marked retrograde death of Red nucleus neurons contralateral to the lesion; Fb/BDNF recipients showed a significant rescue effect. Anterograde and retrograde labeling studies indicated no regeneration of rubrospinal axons into the lesion/transplant in operated control animals, but regeneration into, around, and through the transplant into the host was seen in the Fb/BDNF recipients. All animals showed deficits on the more challenging behavioral tests but the Fb/BDNF recipients showed fewer deficits, particularly in tests of spontaneous vertical exploration, horizontal rope crossing and a sensory test (patch removal). The improved function on these tests in the Fb/BDNF recipients was abolished by a second lateral funiculus lesion rostral to the transport site. These results indicate that delivery of neurotrophic factors by grafting genetically modified cells can improve repair and function after spinal injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An organ fragment culture model to study lymphocyte activation in human lymphoid tissue.

We have established and evaluated an organ fragment culture model for the study of human lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Small fragments of tonsillar tissue were cultured on Gelfoam for periods of up to 7 days. Monoclonal antibody in the medium was able to diffuse into the tissue, as demonstrated by subsequent detection of antibody-coated cells. Phytohaemagglutinin added to the culture medium caused activation of T and B cells, as indicated by changes in expression of a number of markers. Antibody against human IgM (added as a F(ab')2 fragment) together with IL-4 caused B cell activation, detectable by an increased expression of CD23 and other markers. Cell viability fell gradually in culture, but useful data could nevertheless be obtained from culture periods up to 7 days. The organ fragment culture provides a model for the study of T and B cell activation which maintains, at least in part, the intercellular interactions and the native microenvironment of lymphoid tissue.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2000

Conductive hearing loss associated with pressure equalization tubes.

Pressure equalization (PE) tube placement traditionally has been used to lessen conductive hearing loss with chronic middle ear effusion. It is assumed that the small diameter of the tube should not interfere with the conduction of sound. In this article we present 5 patients in whom placement of a PE tube resulted in significantly worse conductive hearing. Occlusion of the PE tube with cigarette paper or Gelfoam improved hearing, as documented with audiometry. The average conductive hearing losses attributable to the ventilation tube for this series of patients were 22, 17, 15, 13, 4, and 10 dB at the frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz, respectively. This amount of change attributable to PE tubes in this small selection of patients is much greater than would be commonly appreciated. We conclude that the opening in the tympanic membrane provided by PE tubes can potentially result in a significant conductive hearing loss. Discussion includes those conditions in which reduced hearing may be more likely to occur.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1996

Tympanic membrane reconstruction using formaldehyde-formed autogenous temporalis fascia: twenty years' experience.

This study describes 20 years' experience with autogenous temporalis fascia that is formed and shaped by formaldehyde cross-linking with special Fasciaform (Hear America, Palo Alto, Calif.) molds in the repair of large tympanic membrane perforations. One hundred twenty operations in 113 patients were performed between 1973 and 1993 to close large perforations in patients with intact ossicular chains. All perforations were successfully closed by this technique. Audiometric studies indicated that the postoperative air-borne gap was closed to within 0 to 10 dB in 63% and to within 0 to 20 dB in 97%. One patient had a 15-dB sensorineural hearing impairment. Graft lateralization requiring revision occurred in three patients, two of whom had previous unsuccessful tympanoplasties. Comparisons of adult vs. pediatric groups and primary vs. revision groups were made. The technique ensures the removal of any ectopic epithelium on the medial surface of the tympanic membrane remnant and provides for easy graft placement and stability during healing without the use of middle ear Gelfoam (Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.). The formaldehyde-formed fascia graft or Fasciaform graft technique provides an effective method of closing large perforations with excellent functional results and minimal complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Role of tumor necrosis factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the late allergic response in human nasal mucosa.

Cytokines play an integral role in the allergic response of the nasal mucosa. The ideal model for analysis of this interaction has yet to be perfected. We present a model for such evaluation and present results of experiments on the release of several cytokines. Freshly harvested human nasal turbinate mucosa was placed on a Gelfoam (Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.) raft in a liquid medium to simulate the in situ environment. The allergic response was initiated by exposing the nasal mucosa to various combinations and amounts of human immunoglobulin E and antihuman immunoglobulin E antibody. The supernatants were collected and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques for various cytokines. Histopathologic evaluation of the mucosa was performed throughout the exposure period, confirming normal cellular and tissue architecture and viability. This model was used to monitor the release of interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors after exposure to immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin E antibody. Interleukin-3 did not show significant increases during the experiment testing period of 48 hours. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors demonstrated time-dependent increases in concentration after immunoglobulin E stimulation. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor showed the greatest time-dependent increases. Their impact on the understanding of the allergic response will be discussed.

Cross-Linking Reagents↗
PubMed2006

[Non traumatic high flow priapism: arterial embolization treatment].

PURPOSE: To report cases of non traumatic high flow priapism treated by arterial embolization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six men presented with non traumatic high flow priapism, the diagnosis was based on colour Doppler ultrasound, cavernous blood gas analysis with arterial blood saturation levels and failed medical or surgical therapy. Four patients had sickle cell disease. The embolization was performed with Gelfoam and was unilateral in one case, bilateral in the other cases. RESULTS: Detumescence occurred in a few hours in all cases. One patient had recurrent priapism two years after and was treated by embolization. Transient erectile dysfunction was observed in five cases, permanent in one case. CONCLUSION: Arterial embolization is the treatment of choice in high flow priapism with low rate of permanent erectile dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Administration of a liposomal FGF-2 peptide vaccine leads to abrogation of FGF-2-mediated angiogenesis and tumor development.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is an important stimulator of angiogenesis that has been implicated in neoplastic progression. Attempts to neutralize or modulate FGF-2 have met with some success in controlling neovascularity and tumor growth. In the present study, two peptides: one corresponding to the heparin binding domain and the other to the receptor binding domain of FGF-2, exerted dose-dependent inhibition of FGF-2-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation (IC(50)=70 and 20 microg/ml, respectively). The identification of these functional regions suggested that targeting these domains might be an approach for the modulation of FGF-2 function. To investigate this possibility, we vaccinated mice with either the heparin binding domain peptide or the receptor binding domain peptide of FGF-2 in a liposome/adjuvant format, and analyzed the effect of vaccination on FGF-2-driven angiogenesis, tumor development and immune status. Mice vaccinated with the heparin binding domain peptide generated a specific antibody response to FGF-2, blocked neovascularization in a gelfoam sponge model of angiogenesis, and inhibited experimental metastasis by >90% in two tumor models: the B16BL6 melanoma and the Lewis lung carcinoma. These effects were not observed in mice treated with the receptor binding domain peptide conjugated to liposomes or liposomes lacking conjugated peptide. These data suggest that a heparin binding domain peptide of FGF-2, when presented to a host in a liposomal adjuvant formulation, can ultimately lead to inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

A new combination of drugs intended to be used as a preventive measure for the postextraction complications. A preliminary report.

Fifteen extraction sockets packed with a new drug combination, including a local anesthetic (cincain chloride), a local antiseptic (tri-iodomethane) and two drugs with a potent antifibrinolytic activity (tranexamic acid and propyl-hydroxybenzoic acid) in Gelfoam as a vehicle, were assessed clinically with special reference to the development of the postextraction symptoms, dry socket included. As a control series, 15 extraction sockets allowed to undergo a spontaneous healing were similarly evaluated. All the sockets in both series were found to heal according to the normal sequence. There were, however, statistically highly significant differences between the two series with regard to the clotting time, postextraction pain and the need for adjunct analgesics, in favor of the sockets packed with the compound in test. The observed beneficial effects of the test compound are discussed in the light of the recently elucidated etiologic and pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the development of dry socket, and a conclusion is drawn that the present results, although preliminary due to the limited number of patients, advocate further evaluation of the new drug combination and its applicability in the prevention of the troublesome postextraction complications, including dry socket.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effects of combined hemotoxic and anterolateral spinal lesions on nociceptive sensitivity.

The effects of spinal lesions on reactions of rats to nociceptive electrocutaneous stimulation (ES) were evaluated by measuring the speed of operant escape responses, the magnitude of hindlimb flexion reflexes and the amplitude of reflex vocalizations. ES intensities ranging from 0.1 to 0.8mA were delivered to either hindpaw of rats that were trained to terminate stimulation (perform an escape response) with one forelimb. Unilateral thoracic lesions within the lateral column were produced by surgically transecting axons, with or without insertion of blood-soaked Gelfoam into the lesion cavity. The latter procedure was intended to standardize and maximize hemotoxic damage to the gray matter at the lesion site. The speed of conscious escape responses to all intensities was reduced contralaterally and to comparable extents following each type of lesion. Involvement of mid-lateral axons was an important determinant of contralateral deficits in escape responding. Escape speed for ipsilateral stimulation was not affected by the lesion without intentional insertion of blood but was reliably increased by addition of blood to the lesion site. Flexion reflexes were substantially decreased contralaterally and slightly decreased ipsilaterally, in accordance with previous investigations of anterolateral lesion effects in monkeys. Early (reflex) vocalizations were essentially eliminated for stimulation contralateral to the lesions, but vocalizations following ipsilateral stimulation were little affected. Postoperative variations in behavioral responsivity over time were not accounted for by pre- and post-estrous stages of the estrous cycle. The principal finding of this study is that hemotoxic accompaniments of a spinal lesion produce hyperalgesia for nociceptive stimulation applied ipsilaterally to segments well caudal to the lesion. This finding indicates that hemotoxic injury of the gray matter near an anterolateral spinal lesion enhances the excitation of certain rostral structures that receive nociceptive information.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Neuroprotective fibroblast growth factor type-2 down-regulates the c-Jun transcription factor in axotomized sympathetic preganglionic neurons of adult rat.

The immediate-early gene encoded transcription factor c-Jun is highly inducible following axotomy and therefore serves as a valuable marker in neuronal de- and regeneration. As the signals that may trigger c-Jun expression are still obscure, molecules derived from lesioned neurons and/or their targets such as growth factors or cytokines have been proposed as candidates for interneuronal transcriptional regulation in vivo. We therefore tested whether local administration of the neuroprotective cytokine fibroblast growth factor type-2 in vivo has an effect on the axotomy-induced nuclear expression patterns of the activator protein-1 transcription factors c-Fos and JunB, or c-Jun in the spinal cord-intermedolateral nucleus-adrenal axis lesion paradigm in the rat. Partial axotomy of preganglionic nerve fibres by selective unilateral removal of the adrenal medulla resulted in strong staining patterns of c-Jun in the nuclei of preganglionic cell bodies located in the spinal intermediolateral cell column identified by in vivo retrograde prelabelling with the fluorescent tracer Fast Blue prior to lesion. Axotomy-induced nuclear c-Jun expression was highly increased when compared with the moderate baseline expression in normal or sham-operated animals. In animals treated with fibroblast growth factor-2 gelfoams implanted to the lesioned adrenal gland the nuclear c-Jun staining pattern is reduced or even absent from these neurons. By contrast, c-Fos and JunB induction did not occur in the intermediolateral nucleus in the lesion paradigm investigated. These results support the idea of functional links between neurotrophic cytokines such as fibroblast growth factor-2 and transcriptional effectors such as c-Jun. The target derived fibroblast growth factor-2 thus may signal the intactness of the neuron-target axis resulting in suppression of central extrinsic neurons and promotion of neuroprotective gene activation. Neuronal survival in absence of c-Jun indicates that c-Jun exerts negative actions in vulnerated neurons.

Adrenergic Fibers↗