Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Fructosamine”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Rosiglitazone monotherapy improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a twelve-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

AIM: Rosiglitazone is the most potent of the thiazolidinediones, a novel class of oral antidiabetic agents that reduce blood glucose levels by sensitizing peripheral tissues to insulin. This study was designed to identify doses of rosiglitazone that would lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this 12-week, double-blind, multicentre study, 380 patients with FPG values > or =7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) and < or =13.3 mmol/L (240 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to receive treatment with placebo or rosiglitazone, 0.05, 0.25, 1.0, or 2.0 mg twice daily. The primary efficacy parameter was changed in FPG from baseline after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints were changes in HbA1c, fructosamine, C peptide, insulin, lipid levels, and body weight (b.w.). Safety monitoring included clinical laboratory evaluations, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. RESULTS: Rosiglitazone 1.0 and 2.0 mg b.i.d. produced significant decreases in FPG (p=0.0001). Fructosamine also decreased in patients treated with these two dosages (p=0.003 in the 2.0 mg b.i.d. group). Rosiglitazone 2.0 mg b.i.d. significantly reduced plasma insulin levels (p=0.0044) and free fatty acids (p=0.0014) compared with placebo. Total cholesterol (p=0.0001), HDL (p=0.0009), and LDL (p=0.0001) increased in the rosiglitazone 2.0 mg b.i.d. group, but there was no significant change in the total cholesterol/HDL ratio or triglyceride levels in any rosiglitazone treatment group. Clinically insignificant dose-dependent increases in b.w. were observed in the rosiglitazone 1.0 and 2.0 mg b.i.d. treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of treatment with rosiglitazone 2.0 mg b.i.d. significantly decreases fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, plasma insulin, and free fatty acids in patients with type 2 diabetes. Longer studies using higher doses will be needed to assess the efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Dietary carbohydrates and glycated proteins in the blood in non diabetic subjects.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in non diabetic subjects the association of dietary carbohydrates with fructosamine, a measure of total non enzymatic glycated proteins in the blood associated with mortality, particularly from cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: A population sample of 252 subjects (137 men and 115 women, mean age 57) without diabetes and with fasting serum glucose <126 mg/100 mL, participated in the study. Diet and dietary glycemic load were measured with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fructosamine was measured with a standard colorimetric method. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Serum fructosamine was positively associated with dietary glycemic load. Moreover, it was positively associated with intake of polyunsaturated fats and alcohol; and negatively with intake of monounsaturated fats, and with physical activity. CONCLUSION: The quality of carbohydrate and fat, as well as physical activity, may explain the variation of non enzymatic glycated serum proteins in non diabetic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Oxidant and antioxidant systems in niddm patients: influence of vitamin E supplementation.

Free radical-mediated oxidative stress has been implicated in adverse tissue changes in a number of diseases. In view of the role of oxidative processes in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), in this study, we investigated the oxidant and antioxidant status of plasma in patients with NIDDM and the effect of vitamin E (800 lU/day) supplementation on oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system, fructosamine levels and insulin action. Thirty controls and 40 NIDDM patients were studied. In controls and patients, plasma lipids, vitamin E, lipid peroxide, total thiols (t-SH), superoxide peroxidase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured in the basal state and after vitamin E (800 IU/d) supplementation for a month. All lipids and lipid fractions in plasma were significantly decreased, whereas the HDL-C level was changed in diabetic patients supplemented with vitamin E when compared with baseline values. Vitamin E administration also significantly reduced fasting glucose and fructosamine levels, whereas increased significantly reduced fasting glucose and fructosamine levels, whereas increased significantly plasma C-peptide and insulin levels (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Following vitamin E supplementation, TBARs levels were found to be significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the baseline value NIDDM patients are. On the other hand, activities of GPx and SOD were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than baseline values. A similar trend was observed for total thiols contents, but in this case, the increase was not significant. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that vitamin E improved beta-cell function and increased plasma insulin and C-peptide levels, possibly by inducing the antioxidant capacity of the organism and/or reducing the peripheral resistance in NIDDM. Long-term studies are needed to demonstrate the beneficial effects of vitamin E on treatment/prevention of NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of 1,25 (OH)2D3 treatment on glucose intolerance in uraemia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcitriol treatment on glucose intolerance in uraemia. Thirty one patients on haemodialysis who had never been treated with vitamin D or related drugs, and 12 healthy control subjects with normal renal functions were studied. Uraemic patients were randomly divided into two groups; 16 patients were treated with oral calcitriol (0.5 micrograms/day) for 8 weeks, and 15 uraemic patients and 12 healthy subjects were given a placebo. In all these cases, before and 8 weeks after treatment, baseline serum glucose, insulin, calcium, parathormone (PTH), and 1,25 (OH)2D3 were measured. After an oral load of 75 g glucose, blood glucose and insulin were determined at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The same measurements were repeated after 8 weeks. HbA1c and fructosamine were also measured at 0 and 8 weeks. Baseline serum insulin was significantly elevated after calcitriol treatment (7.81 versus 11.63 microIU/ml) there was also a significant increase in insulin following calcitriol treatment at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. On the other hand, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fructosamine decreased after calcitriol treatment (HbA1c 7.09% versus 5.22% P < 0.01 and fructosamine 2.92 versus 2.50 mmol/l P < 0.01). Blood glucose significantly decreased after calcitriol treatment at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. In the other two groups there were no significant changes in any parameters. These results seem to confirm that vitamin D influences pancreatic beta (beta) cell secretion and suggest that calcitriol may improve glucose intolerance in uraemic haemodialysis patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The effects of ageing on glycation and the interpretation of glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes.

To investigate the discrepancy in the assessment of glycaemic control using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and glycated proteins (fructosamine), the effect of age on these variables was measured in non-diabetic individuals. In 232 non-diabetics, there was a linear relationship between HbA1C and age (r = 0.49, p < 0.0001). Mean HbA1C rose from 3.82% to 4.44% between the ages of 20 and 70. Consequently, when Type 2 diabetic patient samples (n = 128, median age 63 years) were classified according to European guidelines into good or poor glycaemic control using both an age-matched (n = 101) and a younger (n = 108, median age 37 years) non-diabetic reference population, fewer patients were in good control (14% vs. 25%) and more in poor control (73% vs. 53%) when the younger reference population was used (both p < 0.05). In a subgroup of 126 non-diabetic subjects, HbA1C rose with age (r = 0.48), but serum fructosamine and fasting glucose did not (r = 0.07, r = 0.009, respectively, p = NS). Age-associated differences in non-diabetic HbA1C values may affect the assessment of glycaemic control in diabetic patients. It may also partly explain discrepancies found when comparing fructosamine with HbA1C as a measure of glucose control. Age-related HbA1C reference intervals may therefore be required for the treatment of patients and the accurate auditing of clinic performance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sugar-free zinc gluconate glycine lozenges (Cold-Eeze) do not adversely affect glucose control in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Several controlled clinical trials have shown that zinc gluconate glycine lozenges can reduce symptom severity and duration of symptoms in patients with the common cold. Over-the-counter zinc lozenges are used commonly by the general population, including people with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of sugar-free Cold-Eeze (The Quigley Corp., Doylestown, PA), a commonly used zinc preparation, on glucose control in patients maintained on stable antidiabetic therapy. Forty-eight patients with either type 1 (n = 3) or type 2 (n = 45) diabetes were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive either zinc lozenges (four to six lozenges/day for 10 days) or matching placebo. The primary endpoint was change in serum fructosamine concentration. Secondary endpoints included daily home glucose and fasting blood glucose monitoring (baseline, days 10 and 21). The mean age for all patients was 54 years (range, 25 to 76), with slightly more women (60%). The treatment groups did not differ with respect to age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes, baseline hemoglobin A1C level, or fasting plasma glucose level. The patients treated with placebo (n = 13) and zinc (n = 34) had similar fructosamine levels (mean +/- SD) at baseline (318 +/- 90 versus 297 +/- 86 micromol/l, respectively). After 10 days of dosing, both groups showed modest reductions in serum fructosamine (-7 +/- 42 and -9 +/- 90 micromol/l). These changes were not statistically significant. In conclusion, these findings suggest that sugar-free zinc lozenges can be administered safely to patients with diabetes without deleterious effects on glycemic control.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Improved metabolic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with a slower accumulation of glycation products in collagen.

Twenty-one patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in poor metabolic control were subjected to intensified therapy, in most cases with insulin, to investigate whether it is possible to slow down the accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products of collagen by improving glycaemic control. Fasting and mean daily blood glucose, serum fructosamine and glycohaemoglobin levels, as well as glycation of collagen were measured before and after 1.5 years of intensified therapy. All these parameters except for fructosamine correlated significantly with fasting blood glucose and glycohaemoglobin when measured before the insulin therapy was started, when the patients had had poor but stable metabolic control for a long period of time. After 1.5 years of intensified therapy the level of glycation of collagen did not significantly correlate with the fasting blood glucose or glycohaemoglobin levels, suggesting that the non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen reflects a longer period of metabolic control of diabetes than the glycohaemoglobin level. Intensified treatment improved previously poor metabolic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and this improvement was reflected in a decrease in fasting and mean daily blood glucose levels, serum fructosamine and glycohaemoglobin concentrations, and in the level of early products of glycation of collagen. The average content of advanced glycosylation end products of collagen, assayed in terms of collagen-linked fluorescence did not decrease. However, they accumulated more slowly in the patient tercile with the greatest decrease in the level of fasting blood glucose than in the tercile with the smallest decrease, and even a decrease in fluorescence was observed in the patients with the greatest improvement in the metabolic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Serum immunoglobulin concentrations in diabetic patients.

The relationship between glycated haemoglobin (an index of long-term diabetic control), fructosamine (an index of intermediate-term diabetic control), and serum IgA, IgG, and IgM was studied in 110 diabetic patients (41 Type 1 and 69 Type 2) and compared with 111 healthy non-diabetic subjects. Significant increases in serum IgA (by 82.7%, p < 0.001) and IgG (by 35.2%, p < 0.001) concentrations were observed whereas the concentration of IgM was significantly decreased (by 46.7%, p < 0.001) in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic subjects. Using Spearman's rank correlations, IgA correlated with fructosamine (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), HbA1 (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), and albumin (r = -0.58, p < 0.001) for the entire population sample but only fructosamine (r = 0.19, p < 0.05) and HbA1 (r = 0.28, p < 0.001) correlated with IgA in diabetic patients, respectively. It is concluded that abnormal levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM are very common in diabetic patients in whom serum IgA concentrations are influenced by the degree of glycaemic control. Whether changes in IgA and other immunoglobulins are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications (such as susceptibility to infection) deserve further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Oxidative stress in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin: protective effects of melatonin.

We have studied the effect of the administration of two doses of melatonin (melatonin 100 and melatonin 200 microg/kg bw) on diabetes and oxidative stress experimentally induced by the injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in female Wistar rats. STZ was injected as a single dose (60 mg/kg i.p. in buffered citrate solution, pH 4.0) and melatonin (melatonin 100, 100 microg/kg/day i.p.; melatonin 200, 200 microg/kg/day i.p.) beginning 3 days before diabetes induction and continuing until the end of the study (8 weeks). The parameters analysed to evaluate oxidative stress and the diabetic state were a) for oxidative stress, changes of lipoperoxides (i.e., malondialdehyde, MDA) in plasma and erythrocytes and the changes in reduced glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes and b) for diabetes, changes in glycemia, lipids (triglycerides: TG; total cholesterol: TC; HDL-cholesterol, HDL-c), percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb%), and plasma fructosamine. The injection of STZ caused significant increases in the levels of glycemia, percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin, fructosamine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoperoxides in plasma and erythrocytes, whereas it decreased the levels of HDL-c and the GSH content in erythrocytes. The melatonin 100 dose reduced significantly all these increases, except the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. With regard to the decreases of plasma HDL-c and GSH content in erythrocytes, this melatonin dose returned them to normal levels. The melatonin 200 dose produced similar changes, though the effects were especially noticeable in the decrease of glycemia (55% vs. diabetes), percentage of hemoglobin (P < 0.001 vs diabetes), and fructosamine (31% vs. diabetes). This dose also reversed the decreases of HDL-c and GSH in erythrocytes. Both doses of melatonin caused significant reduction of the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin in those groups that were non-diabetic. These illustrate the protective effect of melatonin against oxidative stress and the severity of diabetes induced by STZ. In particular, this study confirms two facts: 1) the powerful antioxidant action of this pineal indole and 2) the importance of the severity of oxidative stress to maintain hyperglycemia and protein glycosylation, two pathogenetic cornerstones indicative of diabetic complications. Melatonin reduces remarkably the degree of lipoperoxidation, hyperglycemia, and protein glycosylation, which gives hope to a promising perspective of this product, together with other biological antioxidants, in the treatment of diabetic complications where oxidative stress, either in a high or in a low degree, is present.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Diabetes mellitus in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of diabetes mellitus in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). DESIGN: A case report with controls. PROCEDURES: We describe clinical and laboratory findings in a 6-year-old, free-living, female koala presented with traumatic injury and subsequently found to have polydipsia, hyperglycaemia and glucosuria. Over a 5 week period, serum biochemical analyses, haematological examinations, urinalyses, measurement of serum insulin and fructosamine concentrations, necropsy, histopathological examination of a range of tissues and immunohistochemical examination of the pancreas for insulin-containing cells were done. For reference purposes, serum insulin and fructosamine concentrations were determined in four and two healthy koalas, respectively, and three healthy koalas' pancreases were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The koala had persistent hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and glucosuria. Serum insulin concentration of the diabetic koala was only marginally smaller than that of healthy koalas, but all concentrations were smaller than reference concentrations in dogs and people. Fructosamine concentration did not allow the diabetic koala to be distinguished from healthy koalas and concentrations of all koala analytes were greater than expected for healthy dogs and people. Histopathological examination revealed extensive degeneration of pancreatic islet cells and fatty infiltration of hepatocytes. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed decreased or absent insulin in the beta calls of the affected koala. CONCLUSION: Clinical signs, clinicopathological results and histopathological changes were consistent with diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of the condition could not be determined but may have been related to the administration of a parenteral corticosteroid preparation, the stress of capture or tissue damage and inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Audit of diabetes in general practice.

OBJECTIVES: To complete a first audit cycle of diabetes care in a general practice and to develop a simple method for continuing the audit cycle. DESIGN: Retrospective examination of the medical records of all diabetic patients in a general practice in 1990. SETTING: A group general practice in a Bristol health centre with roughly 13,200 patients, which since 1983 had had a protocol for care of its diabetic patients. PATIENTS: 223 known diabetic patients in the practice. MAIN AUDITED MEASURES: Comparison against previously agreed standards of process and outcome of diabetes care in the practice, including number of patients whose care had been reviewed in accordance with the practice protocol, serum fructosamine and blood glucose concentrations in patients aged under 70, and number of newly diagnosed patients given explicit education and referred for diatetic advice. RESULTS: Defined standards were not met for several criteria--for example, percentages of patients aged below 70 (n = 149) with serum fructosamine concentrations less than 3.5 mmol/l (62% v 90% defined value) and less than 2.8 mmol/l (35% v 70%) and last recorded blood glucose concentrations less than 10 mmol/l in insulin dependent patients (n = 48) (23% v 90%) and less than 8 mmol/l in non-insulin dependent patients (n = 101) (17% v 90%). Of newly identified diabetic patients (n = 32), 59% and 28% respectively were referred to dietitians and given educational material compared with the 100% standard. CONCLUSIONS: The practice has a high prevalence of diabetes (1.7%) but has the resources for their care. The format and implementation of the agreed systematic process of care for diabetic patients needs improvement. IMPLICATIONS: A simple audit suitable for most general practices might record two measures of the process of care--a disease register of all diabetic patients in a practice and an attendance register to determine whether they have regular check ups--and one measure of the outcome of care, such as serum fructosamine concentration (or local equivalent). A practice could establish its own standards for these measures and monitor its performance against them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentration in patients with end-stage renal disease with and without diabetes mellitus.

The plasma concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, a new clinical marker of glycemic control in diabetic patients, was evaluated as a marker of glycemia in 83 diabetic and nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease. Plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentration decreased and correlated inversely with blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, or fructosamine in 48 diabetic patients with normal renal function. In 13 nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease not on dialysis, plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations were lower than in 23 healthy subjects (6.22 +/- 2.10 vs. 24.20 +/- 7.50 micrograms/ml, respectively). The plasma concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentration in nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease was inversely correlated to the urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity (r = -0.634) but not to blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, or fructosamine. Renal tubular damage may contribute to the low plasma concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in this group. The plasma concentrations of this polyol decreased in both diabetic (4.63 +/- 1.08 micrograms/ml) and nondiabetic patients on hemodialysis (4.71 +/- 0.87 micrograms/ml). In these two groups, there was no correlation between plasma concentration of this polyol and blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, or fructosamine. The plasma concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol decreased after a single hemodialysis session. The results showed that impaired renal function and removal of 1,5-anhydroglucitol by dialysis may contribute to its decreased concentration in patients with end-stage renal disease, but that glycemic control does not. Therefore, we should consider renal function when we use plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentration as a marker of glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hyperglycemia is a stress response in acute stroke.

To explore further the relation between admission glucose concentration and outcome in stroke, we measured glucose, fructosamine, and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations on admission in 216 patients seen within 24 hours after the onset of their first stroke. Fructosamine concentration reflects the degree of glycemia in the preceding 4-6 weeks and glycosylated hemoglobin concentration reflects that in the preceding 3 months. Based on clinical, computed tomographic, and necropsy findings, strokes were classified as cortical infarction, lacunar infarction, or intracerebral hemorrhage. Analyses were done including and excluding 47 diabetic patients. No correlation between neurologic outcome as mortality and fructosamine or glycosylated hemoglobin concentration was found. Survival showed a significant correlation with admission glucose concentration only for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia is unlikely to worsen the outcome of acute stroke and that hyperglycemia probably represents either a latent diabetic state or a stress response.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Insulin-like growth factors - insulin-like growth factor binding protein axis and diabetic control in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

There is some evidence that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and/or IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) (IGF-IGFBP axis) may be involved in glucose metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the IGF-IGFBP axis and diabetic control in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Thirty-nine subjects with IDDM without major complications (age: 5.8-30.3 years, 13 males and 26 females) participated in this study. In all subjects, the free form of IGF-I (free IGF-I), the total IGF-I (total IGF-I: free plus complexed form of IGF-I) and IGFBP-3 in serum or plasma were measured. The Z-scores of free IGF-I, total IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 were calculated. In 18 young adults with IDDM (age 18.0-30.3 years, 5 males and 13 females), IGFBP-1 in serum was also measured. In all subjects, the diabetic control parameters such as blood glucose (BS) (momentary control), 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5 AG) (Ultrashort-term), fructosamine (short term), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) (long-term) were measured. None of the Z scores for free IGF-I, total IGF-I or IGFBP-3 had a significant correlation with BS. In young adults, IGFBP-I was correlated with BS (r=0.57, P<0.005). None of the Z scores for free IGF-I, total IGF-I or IGFBP-3 had a significant correlation with 1,5 AG, fructosamine or HbA1. In young adults, IGFBP-1 did not correlate with 1,5 AG, fructosamine or HbA1. These data suggested that the IGF-IGFBP axis did not reflect diabetic control in subjects with IDDM under treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Total serum glycosylated proteins in detection and monitoring of gestational diabetes.

The goal of this study was to determine whether serum glycosylated protein levels (i.e., fructosamine) can reliably screen for gestational diabetes and whether these levels are valid markers of short-term glycemic control in the third trimester of pregnancy. Ninety-seven pregnant women at 26-28 wk gestation were evaluated over 9 mo. HbA1c and serum glycosylated protein (serum fructosamine) were determined at the baseline venipuncture of the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test performed to detect gestational diabetes. Of the 97 women studied, 13 tested positive for gestational diabetes (National Diabetes Data Group criteria). There were significant differences in the fasting and 1-, 2-, and 3-h glucose values between nondiabetic and diabetic patients (P less than 0.005 at each time point). No difference was noted in the baseline serum glycosylated protein level (2.02 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.98 +/- 0.02 mM, NS) or HbA1c level (4.42 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.6 +/- 0.3%, NS) between gestational and nondiabetic patients. Diabetic patients were followed at 2-wk intervals, with serum glycosylated protein analysis, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and mean glucose determined by outpatient monitoring. Serum glycosylated protein correlated significantly to fasting blood glucose (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001) and mean outpatient glucose (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001) at the 2-wk follow-up visits. No correlation was found between HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.11, NS) or mean outpatient glucose (r = -0.12, NS) during the follow-up period. The serum glycosylated protein level (serum fructosamine) is not a useful screening test for gestational diabetes. However, this assay shows potential as an objective marker of short-term control in evaluating the maternal glycemic state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Efficacy of protamine zinc insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of protamine zinc insulin (PZI) on control of glycemia in cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus or poorly controlled diabetes. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 67 diabetic cats. PROCEDURE: 34 cats with newly diagnosed diabetes and 33 cats with poorly controlled diabetes were treated with PZI twice daily for 45 days. Control of glycemia was assessed on days 7, 14, 30, and 45 by evaluation of clinical response, change in body weight, serum fructosamine concentration, blood glucose concentration measured 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours after administration of PZI, lowest blood glucose concentration, and mean blood glucose concentration during the 9-hour period after administration. Adjustments in dosage of PZI were made as needed to attain control of glycemia. RESULTS: For all cats, a significant increase in mean dosage of PZI and significant decreases in 9-hour mean blood glucose concentration, lowest mean blood glucose concentration, and mean serum fructosamine concentration were detected. For cats with poorly controlled diabetes, 9-hour mean blood glucose concentration and mean serum fructosamine concentration were significantly decreased on day 45, compared with day 0. Ninety percent of owners reported improvement or resolution of clinical signs by day 45. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that PZI was effective for control of glycemia in cats with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes and may be used as an initial treatment or as an alternative treatment in cats that do not respond to treatment with other types of insulin.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Microcirculation in the skin of the upper extremities in type 1 diabetics using the laser doppler method].

BACKGROUND: Diabetic microangiopathy is a very frequent complication of both types of diabetes mellitus. Detection of early microcirculation impairment may identify patients at high risk of severe complications and may have a great value for prevention of these complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the skin microcirculation in upper extremities in Type 1 diabetic patients and in healthy volunteers with laser Doppler technique. Parameters of microcirculation were compared between these two groups and with diabetes control expressed by glycated hemoglobin, fructosamin and fasting glycaemia. Relationship between perfusion parameters, the age of patients and the duration of diabetes was analysed as well. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-eight Type 1 diabetic patients (18 men, 20 women) and twenty-six healthy persons (16 men, 10 women) were evaluated in this study. Differences of high statistical significance in many parameters of perfusion were found between these groups. A significant negative relationship was found between the percentage perfusion increase during postocclusive hyperaemia in forearm and HbA1c and fructosamine (r = -0.52, p < 0.001 and r = -0.47, p < 0.01, respectively), between percentage perfusion increase during local hypertermia and HbA1c (r = -0.47, p < 0.001). Negative correlation was also found between maximal perfusion during postocclusive hyperaemia in finger and fructosamine (r = -0.4, p < 0.01) and between the same parameter in forearm and fasting glycaemia (r = -0.62, p < 0.001). Skin perfusion was independent on age and duration of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences between diabetic patients and healthy controls and a relationship between perfusion parameters and compensated diabetes status were described in the current study. Laser Doppler fluxmetry is a non-invasive method comfortable for patients and it can be used for detection of microangiopathy in diabetology.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Herbal tea in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a native herbal tea in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study. SETTING: The Metabolic Centre at the University of Alberta Hospitals. SUBJECTS: Forty volunteers with type 2 diabetes. INTERVENTIONS: After a 1 month "run-in" period, subjects drank 250 mL/d of either the herbal tea or a placebo tea for 10 days, and were followed up for a further 4 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: A responder analysis defined as a 10% change in mean blood glucose levels based on 4 capillary glucose readings daily. Secondary end points included changes in HbA1c, fructosamine and response to a meal challenge using Ensure. RESULTS: The responder analysis showed no benefit from the herbal tea. Fructosamine levels before and after tea therapy decreased significantly in both study groups. Mean HbA1c levels and incremental areas under the glucose curve (AUC) in the meal challenge did not change in either study group. These data were reanalysed in hyperglycemic subjects with HbA1c levels greater than 120% of normal. The responder analysis and HbA1c levels did not change in either group. Mean (and standard deviation) fructosamine levels, before and after tea therapy, were significantly lower in the herbal tea group than in the placebo tea group (361 [98] versus 338 [100] micromol/L, p < 0.01 compared with 338 [60] versus 323 [49] micromol/L, p = 0.08). In the hyperglycemic subgroup the mean AUC during the meal challenge, before versus after tea therapy, was 776 (369) versus 639 (331) mmol/L (p = 0.22) in the herbal tea group and 433 (125) versus 420 (173) mmol/L (p = 0.90) in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the responder analysis failed to show an effect of the herbal tea, the data suggest there may be a short-term benefit from the tea in subjects with poor glycemic control.

Aged↗