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PubMedDate not supplied

To test or not to test? Social welfare versus worker freedom.

Workplace testing for drug use is a form of warrantless search for incriminating evidence that if found will lead to an array of sanctions. An argument is presented that such testing is constitutionally impermissible, with two exceptions: (1) employers may use drug testing as a device to screen out prospective employees; and (2) employers may use involuntary workplace drug testing to help employees become drug free, so long as no further sanctions are involved. Of course, should workers accept employment in workplaces with prior existent drug-free rules, they have voluntarily submitted those rules, possibly including drug testing, and the explicit sanctions attached to them.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed2003

Existential concerns of families of late-stage dementia patients: questions of freedom, choices, isolation, death, and meaning.

UNLABELLED: Several studies focus on palliative aspects of the caregiver burden of dementia families. However, only few studies have addressed the existential perspective in this situation. The aim of this study was, therefore, to focus on issues of freedom/responsibility, existential isolation, death, and issues of meaning/meaninglessness. METHOD: Qualitative tape-recorded in-depth interviews with 20 family members were conducted. The transcripts were analyzed with a hermeneutic approach. RESULTS: To take responsibility (faithfulness; paying back) was generally perceived as rewarding, but in some cases it was more a matter of duty with elements of guilt and obligation. Existential isolation dealt with the hampered or ended communication with a spouse or parent who was no longer able to communicate; the situation of having no other relatives left in life or, the role-reversal (i.e., to parent your own parent). Thoughts about the impending death were affected by previous experiences, not only by the actual situation. Anticipatory grief was commonplace. Some informants described an increased awareness of the shortness of life, which made them live more intensely in the present. The illness itself was discussed in terms of meaninglessness. Still, many respondents were able to identify meaning in the past (memories), present (daily routines, positive aspects of responsibility) and future (to pass on the patient's lifework). DISCUSSION: The study underlines the importance of not only seeing the physical and psychosocial caregiver aspects, but also the existential ones that emerge when confronting impending death. Staff need to be more aware of existential issues in order to support families also in existential crisis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The freedom and the responsibility of investigator-initiated research.

Since World War II, scientific inquiry and research have been based on the premise that the more investigator-initiated research is conducted, the more automatic benefits for society are created. It is finally becoming clear to many that this belief is neither rational, true, nor healthy; in short, we as a society have been indiscriminately embracing whatever we are able to do instead of doing those things that will take society where it needs to go. Trickle-down science and technology do not work any better than the famous trickle-down economics worked. The author praises the accomplishments of scientific research but gives several examples, including those involving health care, of the widening gap that unguided science and technology have helped to foster between the advantaged and disadvantaged populations in most of the world, including the United States. He proposes that while investigator-initiated research is crucial, it must be done in the context of strategic paths and a set of values that direct it toward achieving the goals for the nation and the world that must be reached if the planet and its increasing population are to survive. He emphasizes that such strategic paths provide the compass; they do not control the journey. For example, he is not saying that biomedical researchers should be directed to specific experiments, but rather that as researchers they must realize the moving from remediation to prevention is a primary national and international goal for human health.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Freedom↗