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PubMed1988

The binding of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) to fish myosin and the effect of salts on the thermal transitions of fish myosin-ANS complex.

Myosin prepared from tilapia (Serotherodon aureus) was complexed with 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) and continuously heated at 1 degree C/min. A large increase in fluorescence was observed with a transition temperature of 34 degrees C. The effect of several salts on the transition temperature was tested. A plot based on the equation of E. E. Schrier and E. B. Schrier [(1967) J. Phys. Chem. 71, 1851-1860] gave a value of less than or equal to 500 cal/mol-deg for the change in enthalpy per residue due to exposure to solvent. The ratio of hydrophobic group to amide group exposure to solvent was intermediate compared with the ratio of RNase and gelatin. Fluorescence titrations yielded one high affinity site with a Kb of 2 X 10(6) M-1 and at least 200 low affinity sites with an average value of 1 X 10(5) M-1. The parameters did not change significantly with temperature. We propose that the increase in ANS fluorescence reflects changes in conformation of myosin as monitored by these low affinity sites, resulting in an increase in surface hydrophobicity and representing a small enthalpic change in the conformation of the myosin molecule. As a consequence, the change in conformation accelerates polymerization of myosin oligomers.

Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates↗
PubMed1997

Casting the screening net: separating big fish from little fish.

Screening tests are a rapidly growing part of medical practice. If we are going to make the best use of resources, screening tests need to be considered in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and equity. We present a framework as a way to think about screening programmes. The framework expands on existing literature that recognizes two categories of screening: universal and opportunistic. By adding the dimension of 'selectivity', we identify four categories of screening: active non-selective (universal or mass screening), active selective, opportunistic non-selective and opportunistic selective. We illustrate the framework by categorizing screening recommendations for high serum cholesterol levels. We conclude there is no one ideal strategy for screening that simultaneously satisfies criteria of effectiveness, efficiency and equity. However, our framework allows a systematic consideration and balancing of these objectives in the development and assessment of screening programs. In this way, it may assist decision-makers by making this trade-off more explicit.

Canada↗