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PubMed1992

Emergence of resistance to erythromycin and fluoroquinolones in thermotolerant Campylobacter strains isolated from feces 1987-1991.

During the period 1987 to 1991 a retrospective study was performed to determine the resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter species isolated from feces to erythromycin and fluoroquinolones. Of the 672 strains studied, 614 (91.3%) were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 58 (8.7%) as Campylobacter coli. During the study period the rate of resistance of Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin remained relatively stable (0.9-3.5%), while resistance of Campylobacter coli to erythromycin emerged later (1989) with much higher rates (14.8-33%). Overall, 11.8% and 10.7% of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated after 1987 were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin respectively, resistance increasing from 2.3% in 1988 to 32% in 1991. In 1991 the first strains of Campylobacter coli with resistance to these fluoroquinolones were detected (rates 29% and 26% respectively). Of the strains resistant to nalidixic acid, only 10.9% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed1992

Ileostomy output of gas and feces before and after conversion from conventional to reservoir ileostomy.

In 28 patients who had previously had a proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, the ileostomy output of feces was determined before and after conversion to continent reservoir ileostomy, as was the output of gas in 20 of the patients. The median output of feces/24 hours collected in the hospital was 576 g before and 692 g after conversion (P less than 0.05); when collected at home the corresponding figures were 734 g and 740 g, respectively. In the majority of patients, the change in fecal ileostomy output after the conversion was not considerable, while in a few patients there was a marked increase. The fecal output was 24 percent (P less than 0.01) and 11 percent (P less than 0.01) larger at home than in hospital before and after conversion, respectively. The proportion dry weight of ileostomy discharge decreased after conversion (P less than 0.01). The median gas volume in the ileostomy output/24 hours was 1,664 ml before and 1,450 ml after conversion. The gas constituted 58 percent of the output and is significant with respect to the required reservoir capacity. Recording the emptying volumes and frequency in patients with reservoir ileostomy showed that, in general, patients with large output expand their reservoir capacity instead of increasing their emptying frequency.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Detection of oncogene mutation from neoplastic colonic cells exfoliated in feces.

PURPOSE: Best chances of a cure from colorectal cancer are obtained before metastatic spread. Lack of specific tests allowing early diagnosis of the tumor accounts for investigation of gene alterations involved in carcinogenesis by a noninvasive method. In the present study, K-ras codons 12 and 13 mutations were studied in neoplastic cells shed from the bowel into the stool and those contained in the tumor and normal mucosa. Moreover, healthy patients and a few others with precancerous conditions were examined. METHODS: Stool, tumor, and mucosa samples were taken from 25 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Stool and mucosa samples were obtained from 11 healthy patients, and stool, pathologic bowel tissue, and normal mucosa samples were obtained from 3 patients with adenoma (1) or ulcerative colitis (2). Polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction enzyme analysis were performed. RESULTS: K-ras codon 12 mutations were detected in both tumor and stool samples of 10 cancer patients, and no gene alterations were observed in 14 patients. In one patient with a tumor, a mutation was shown in only the tumor tissue. The agreement rate in tumor and stool analysis was 96 percent. A normal pattern of K-ras codons 12 and 13 was observed in the bowel mucosa. All stool and mucosa samples from healthy patients were not altered in K-ras. Agreement was registered between samples taken from patients with preneoplastic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings show a high rate of accuracy in the investigation of K-ras alterations in the colorectal cells shed into the feces, suggesting that such an approach could be used to study other gene alterations and, prospectively, to identify early colorectal cancers.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

[Cadmium and copper concentrations in feces, urine and blood after ingestion of wild mushrooms].

Because of concern about possible long-term accumulation of cadmium caused by the ingestion of wild mushrooms of the agaricus species we collected feces, urine and blood of eight subjects who had eaten meals of wild (agaricus) mushrooms. The anticipation of high concentrations of fecal cadmium after the diet was confirmed, whereas no increase was found in the levels of cadmium in blood and urine. These results suggest that due to the chitinous nature of fungi there may be no relevant absorption of cadmium from mushrooms in humans.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Ratio of primary and secondary bile acids in feces: possible marker for colorectal cancer?

PURPOSE: Increases in fecal bile acids may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. The authors tested the hypothesis that high concentrations of primary and secondary bile acids are more common in patients with colon cancer than in patients with other gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS: In this retrospective study the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid and the primary bile acid cholic acid were measured in the feces by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in 63 patients with colorectal cancer, 24 patients with gastric cancer, 11 patients with biliary disorders, and 47 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the mean deoxycholic acid values tended to be higher and the cholic acid values were significantly lower in patients with colorectal cancer than in healthy subjects. Patients with other gastrointestinal diseases had lower deoxycholic acid and cholic acid values than healthy subjects. In healthy subjects the deoxycholic acid to cholic acid ratio ranged from 0.10 to 2.86 (mean, 0.88), but in almost two-thirds, the ratio did not exceed 1. In contrast, the mean preoperative ratio in patients with colorectal cancer was 2.26 (range, 0.06-7.17; P < 0.0001) and tended to be higher in patients with advanced cancer and in those with sigmoid and rectal tumors. If 1.1 is taken as the upper limit of normal for deoxycholic acid to cholic acid ratio, 67 percent of patients with colorectal cancer had an abnormal value preoperatively. CONCLUSION: A high deoxycholic acid concentration and deoxycholic acid to cholic acid ratio may be indicators of colorectal cancer. Further study is needed to improve sensitivity and specificity, perhaps by combining fecal bile acid measurements with other tests, and a large prospective trial may be warranted to determine whether these measurements have value in screening for this common cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Further investigations of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colorectal cancer patients--with particular emphasis on the correlation between immunoreactive CEA levels in tissue, feces and blood.

Immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (IR-CEA) levels in colorectal cancer and mucosal tissues, feces and blood were measured in 14 colorectal cancer patients to study the correlation. IR-CEA levels in colorectal cancer tissues were about 30 times higher than those in colonic mucosal tissues. The correlation coefficient between IR-CEA levels in the tumor tissue and serum was 0.654 (p less than 0.02). We assumed that the total tumor IR-CEA levels were the product of the tumor IR-CEA level, by the estimated tumor weight. The correlation coefficient between the serum IR-CEA level and total tumor IR-CEA level was 0.750 (p less than 0.001). When the patients were divided into two groups with more and less a total tumor IR-CEA level of 65,000 ng, respectively, the statistical difference in serum IR-CEA levels was p less than 0.001. The differences in fecal IR-CEA levels between these two groups, however, are statistically insignificant (p less than 0.3). We assumed that there was a positive correlation between the IR-CEA levels in blood and tumor from the consideration that circulating IR-CEA originates from the metabolic imbalance of its production in colorectal cancer tissues over its degradation in the liver. Moreover, it is essential to consider that the fecal IR-CEA levels may be influenced by the following three factors: the intraluminal direct release of CEA from tumor, no degradation process of CEA in the gut lumen, and the intraluminal transport rate of colonic contents.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] levels in feces from colorectal cancer patients.

Immunoreactive CEA (IR-CEA) in feces or sera from 20 volunteers and 20 patients with colorectal cancer were measured before and at various intervals after surgery by a radioimmunoassay utilizing a "one step sandwich method." Elevated fecal IR-CEA level was observed in 17 of 20 patients with colorectal cancer; elevated serum CEA levels were observed in only 7 of all patients. There could not be found any correlation between fecal IR-CEA levels and Dukes' classification; there was but a little correlation between serum and fecal IR-CEA levels. In 8 of 14 patients treated by surgery, fecal IR-CEA levels obviously dropped, but in 2 patients with hepatic metastasis they were found rising in spite of colon tumor removal. It was speculated from these data that high values of fecal CEA depend on mass production of CEA by cancer cells. From these observations, it appears that fecal IR-CEA level presents a more ideal diagnostic competency in colorectal cancer than serum CEA level.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗

PubMed1981

Identification of acidic steroids in feces of monkeys fed beta-sitoserol.

Vervet monkeys were fed a suspension of beta-sitoseterol in corn oil. Acidic steroids were separated from a 4-day pool of feces and subjected, after fractionation, to gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Evidence for the presence of derivatives of 27-carboxysitosterol, 27-carboxysitostanol and 7-hydroxy, 27-carboxysitostanol is adduced.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

The role of intestinal bacteria in gallstone formation in animal model. A study on biliary lipid composition and bile acid profiles in bile, small intestinal contents and feces of clostridium butyricum Miyairi No. 588 monocontaminated mice.

Contradictory results in the studies on experimental gallstone formation using conventional and germfree mice have been reported. To study the role of bacteria in gallstone formation in the animal model JCL:ICR male germfree mice were monocontaminated with Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI No. 588. Gallstone formation, biliary lipid composition and bile acid profiles in the bile, small intestinal contents and feces were analyzed after feeding the diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid. The rate of gallstone formation in the monocontaminated mice (38%) was less than that in the germfree mice (100%). The relative concentrations of biliary lipids of the two groups were located out of the micellar zone on the triangular co-ordinates by Admirand and Small. The bile acid concentrations in the small intestine and fecal excretions in the monocontaminated mice were higher than in the germfree mice. The composition as well as the mode of conjugation of the bile acids did not differ significantly between the two groups. The infestation of bacteria in the intestine enhanced the excretion of bile acids and inhibited the gallstone formation in mice, in which direct metabolic activity by bacterial enzymes on bile acid did not seem necessary to exert such effect.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Enumeration, isolation, and identification of bifidobacteria from infant feces.

Thirty-three fully breast-fed infants aged between 1 and 12 weeks were screened for bifidobacteria in feces. Bifidobacteria counts in most fecal samples determined both by TPY agar and FISH procedure ranged from 10(8) to 10(11) CFU/g. Three infants did not contain any bifidobacteria in their fecal samples. One child was delivered by caesarean section and the other two by normal vaginal delivery. All bifidobacteria-free infants possessed Gram-positive regular rods as a major group of their fecal flora. These bacteria were identified as clostridia using genus-specific FISH probe. In bifidobacteria-positive samples, B. longum (57.9% of the samples) was the most frequently found species, followed by B. adolescentis (31.6%), B. bifidum (21.0%), B. breve (10.5%), B. pseudocatenulatum (5.3%), and B. dentium (5.3%).

Bifidobacterium↗

PubMed2005

Identification of Staphylococcus piscifermentans from dog feces.

The AD 2 strain isolated from feces of a healthy dog in Slovakia was characterized phenotypically by the conventional tests and commercial identification kits API Staph and ID32 Staph. Results of biochemical tests identified the strain as S. piscifermentans, fully corresponding with the species description. Further characterization by whole-cell protein profile analysis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed the identification based on biochemical tests and showed that the AD 2 strain is S. piscifermentans; lactic acid production, urease activity, bacteriocin production and the antibiotic susceptibility of it were also determined. S. piscifermentans AD 2 isolated first from an animal source was deposited in the Czech Collection of Microorganisms as Staphylococcus piscifermentans CCM 7165.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus sp. nov., a new H2/CO2-utilizing acetogenic bacterium isolated from human feces.

A new H2/CO2-utilizing acetogenic bacterium was isolated from the feces of a non-methane-excreting human subject. The two strains S5a33 and S5a36 were strictly anaerobic, gram-positive, non-sporulating coccobacilli. The isolates grew autotrophically by metabolizing H2/CO2 to form acetate as sole metabolite and were also able to grow heterotrophically on a variety of organic compounds. The major end product of glucose and fructose fermentation was acetate; the strains also formed ethanol, lactate and, to a lesser extent, isobutyrate and isovalerate. The G+C content of DNA of strain S5a33 was 45.2 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the two acetogenic isolates were phylogenetically identical and represent a new subline within Clostridium cluster XIVa. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic considerations, a new species, Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus, is proposed. The type strain of R. hydrogenotrophicus is S5a33 (DSM 10507). Furthermore, H2/CO2 acetogenesis appeared to be a common property of most of the species phylogenetically closely related to strain S5a33 (Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus hansenii, and Ruminococcus productus).

Bacteria↗

PubMed2001

A Desulfitobacterium strain isolated from human feces that does not dechlorinate chloroethenes or chlorophenols.

An anaerobic bacterium, strain DP7, was isolated from human feces in mineral medium with formate and 0.02% yeast extract as energy and carbon source. This rod-shaped motile bacterium used pyruvate, lactate, formate, hydrogen, butyrate, and ethanol as electron donor for sulfite reduction. Other electron acceptors such as thiosulfate, nitrate and fumarate stimulated growth in the presence of 0.02% yeast extract and formate. Acetate was the only product during fermentative growth on pyruvate. Six mol of pyruvate were fermented to 7 mol of acetate. 13C-NMR labeling experiments showed homoacetogenic 13C-CO2 incorporation into acetate. The pH and temperature optimum of fermentative growth on pyruvate was 7.4 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The growth rate under these conditions was approximately 0.10 h(-1). Strain DP7 was identified as a new strain of Desulfitobacterium frappieri on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis (99% similarity) and DNA-DNA hybridization (reassociation value of 83%) with Desulfitobacterium frappieri TCE1. In contrast to described Desulfitobacterium strains, the newly isolated strain has not been isolated from a polluted environment and did not use chloroethenes or chlorophenols as electron acceptor.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗

PubMed2003

Characterization of flagellar antigens and insecticidal activities of Bacillus thuringiensis populations in animal feces.

In total, 287 Bacillus thuringiensis isolates, recovered from feces of 28 zoo-maintained animal species, were examined for flagellar (H) antigenicity and insecticidal activity. Serologically, 209 isolates (72.8%) were allocated to the 8 H serogroups, 4 were untypable, and 74 were untestable. Among the 8 H serotypes detected, H3abc (serovar kurstaki) predominated at a high frequency of 88.0%, followed by H6 (serovar entomocidus) with a frequency of 7.7%. Insecticidal activity was associated with 67.2% of the fecal populations: 188 isolates were toxic to both Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), 2 isolates were specific for B. mori, and 3 isolates were toxic to A. aegypti only. Of the isolates with dual toxicity, 97.9% belonged to the serovar kurstaki, producing bipyramidal parasporal inclusions. All of the H7 (serovar aizawai) isolates were toxic to both insects.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Description of Dorea chungnamensis sp. nov., an Aerotolerant Anaerobe Isolated from Pig Feces.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped aerotolerant anaerobe was isolated from pig feces and designated as strain YH-dor228T. Phylogenetic analysis using 16 S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain was most closely related to Dorea hominis NSJ-36T, with 96.6% similarity. The phylogenomic tree revealed that the strain formed a distinct cluster within the genus Dorea. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the strain and the most closely related strains within genus Dorea ranged from 73.4 to 74.9, 66.4-70.5, and 20.0-22.2%, respectively. The major fatty acids were C14:0, C16:0, and C16:1 ω9c DMA. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The genomic DNA G + C content of the strain was 40.7%. The chemotaxonomic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic properties of YH-dor228T (= KCTC 25915T=NBRC 117235T) suggested that it represented a novel species of the genus Dorea, for which the name Dorea chungnamensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Sequence analyses of a broad host-range plasmid containing ermT from a tylosin-resistant Lactobacillus sp. Isolated from swine feces.

Anaerobic bacteria resistant to the macrolide antibiotics tylosin and erythromycin were isolated from the feces of swine. One of the strains, 121B, was initially identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as an unknown Lactobacillus sp. The strain was found to contain at least two plasmids, one of which was capable of replicating and providing erythromycin and tylosin resistance to Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Escherichia coli. DNA sequence analyses of the 4,232-bp plasmid, p121BS, identified one open reading frame encoding a methylase gene highly similar (> 98% amino acid identity, > 99% DNA sequence identity) to the ermT gene from the Lactobacillus reuteri plasmid pGT633. This is only the second ermT gene to be reported. p121BS also contains two additional open reading frames with significant amino acid similarities to replication proteins from Lactobacillus and other Gram-positive bacteria.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2004

Prevalence of parasite eggs (Strongyloides westeri, Parascaris equorum, and strongyles) and oocysts (Emeria leuckarti) in the feces of Thoroughbred foals on 14 farms in central Kentucky in 2003.

Prevalence of internal parasites was determined by fecal examination for eggs and oocysts in Thoroughbred foals in central Kentucky in 2003. Fecal samples were examined from 733 foals on 14 farms. This included 70 trips to the farms and a total of 2,346 fecal samplings. Monthly collection of fecal samples was begun for four farms in February, six in March, three in April, and one farm in May. Termination of the study for all farms was the end of July. A criterion was that the foals be at least 10 days old for initial samplings. If available, the same foals were sampled each time, in addition to foals born in the interim between farm visits. Ages of the foals for the complete study varied from 10 to 223 days. Prevalence (mean %) was determined for eggs of Strongyloides westeri (1.5%), Parascaris equorum (22.4%), and strongyles (27.6%) and for oocysts of Eimeria leuckarti (41.6%) in feces of foals. Foals had infections of S. westeri on six farms (42.9%), of P. equorum on 12 farms (86%), and of strongyles and E. leuckarti on all 14 farms (100%).

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Molecular characterization of crane Coccidia, Eimeria gruis and E. reichenowi, found in feces of migratory cranes.

Eimeria gruis and E. reichenowi have lethal pathogenicity to a number of species of cranes. These parasites develop at multiple organs or tissues in infected cranes, thus lacking the specificity of infection sites shown by other Eimeria spp. in spite of morphologic similarity. To date, there have been many reports of crane Eimeria infections, however, genetic examinations of these parasites have never been published. In the present study, we isolated oocysts of E. gruis and E. reichenowi from crane feces at a wintering area in Japan. By phylogenic analysis, we first demonstrated that partial sequences of the isolates formed their own cluster, located separately from other Eimeria spp.

Animals↗