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PubMed2002

Trichotillomania: women's reports of treatment efficacy.

Trichotillomania (TTM) is an enigmatic disease characterized by an overwhelming compulsion to pull out one's hair, most notably scalp hair, but also eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair from the extremity, axillary, and pubic areas. Current estimates are that clinically significant hair pulling is manifested by 3.4% of all women during their lifetimes. The overall purpose of our study was to examine the efficacy of a wide variety of treatments as perceived by the women (N=44) who received them. The data were subjected to content analysis and are presented in a quantified manner. Common forms of treatments, including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and behavior modification, were judged by the respondents to be relatively ineffective. Two forms of treatment were found to be effective by a high percentage of the women who employed them: Internet TTM groups and TTM groups associated with a national center. It is important for health care providers to be aware of these treatments, which have not been previously discussed in the literature.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Three-dimensional sonographic description of the fetal frontal bones and metopic suture.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the morphology of the frontal bones and metopic suture at 9-34 weeks of gestation using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of the frontal bones and metopic suture in 16 fetuses at 9-34 weeks of gestation. 3D ultrasonography was used to obtain volumes of the whole fetal skull in the mid-sagittal plane. The volumes were analyzed using the rendering mode and transparent maximum mode in order to achieve a clear view of the frontal bones and the metopic suture. RESULTS: At 9 weeks, a small ossification center was visible in the middle of each supraorbital part of the frontal bones and by 11 weeks the frontal bones appeared as 'thick eyebrows'. In the second trimester there was progressive radial bone expansion and delineation of the metopic suture and in the third trimester there was closure of the metopic suture, starting from the glabella and moving upwards towards the anterior fontanelle. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides 3D ultrasound images that illustrate the process of ossification of the frontal bones and the subsequent development of the metopic suture during prenatal life.

Cranial Sutures↗
PubMed1998

Cloning, mapping, and expression analysis of TBX15, a new member of the T-Box gene family.

The T-box gene family has been conserved throughout metazoan evolution and codes for putative transcription factors that share a uniquely defining DNA-binding domain. We have previously uncovered six mouse T-box genes with discrete spatial and temporal patterns of expression during embryogenesis. Here, we report a novel mouse T-box gene, Tbx15. The Tbx15 gene produces a 3.7-kb transcript with an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide with 602 amino acid residues. Phylogenetic analysis places the Tbx15 gene into a T-box subfamily that also includes mouse Tbx1, Drosophila H15, and nematode Ce-tbx-12 genes. We have mapped mouse Tbx15 to chromosome 3, at a position 49 cM from the centromere. During development, Tbx15 transcripts are first detected at embryonic day 9.5. The gene is expressed primarily in the cranio-facial region and in the developing limbs. An isolated human homolog, TBX15, has been mapped by in situ hybridization to chromosomal band 1p13. TBX15 appears to be an excellent candidate for the dominantly expressed acromegaloid facial appearance syndrome, which also maps to the short arm of human chromosome 1 and, like TBX15, is expressed prominently in the eyebrow regions.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Display of proceptive behaviors in relation to urinary and fecal progestin levels over the ovarian cycle in female tufted capuchin monkeys.

In many primates species, female sexual attractivity is influenced by behavioral cues as well as by nonbehavioral cues (i.e., visual-morphological or chemical signals). Both kinds of cues are usually related to the ovarian cycle and female hormonal state. Female tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) lack any external morphological change in relation to the ovarian cycle and evidence of scent-marking behavior has never been reported. In addition, tufted capuchin males do not routinely investigate the female's body or urine. Instead, capuchin females are extremely active in sexually soliciting the male(s) and their courtship toward them involves a rich behavioral repertoire. In the present study we defined female tufted capuchin proceptivity and investigated its relationship with female reproductive state. Ovarian hormones were measured in urine and fecal samples from four captive females in order to (a) assess their reliability for monitoring female ovarian function and (b) provide information on the timing of the component cycle phases and in particular the periovulatory phase. Measurements of urinary and fecal progestin metabolites provided the best indicator of ovarian cyclicity and for timing of the periovulatory phase. Through a multivariate analysis of the behavioral data set we distinguished four behaviors (eyebrow raising with vocalization, touching-and-running, nuzzling and head cocking) which showed a marked cyclicity (21.3 days) that matched that of urinary progesterone (21.9 days). Data showed that each period of proceptive behaviors was 2.7 +/- 0.8 days long and the day of a defined luteal phase rise in urinary progesterone levels was markedly shifted toward the end of this period. Furthermore, the ejaculations observed always occurred within proceptive periods. The results clearly indicate that female behavior is a good indicator of the periovulatory phase and can enhance female attractivity.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Neurosurgical concepts and approaches for orbital tumours.

Orbital tumours are lesions that appear within the orbital craniofacial borders. To this end, treatment of these tumours is assured by teams of different specialists. Furthermore, these pathologies are different in adults and in children. We have endeavoured, in this chapter, to highlight the specifically neurosurgical features of orbital tumours or, to be more precise, tumours affecting the posterior two thirds of the orbit and tumours originating in or intruding into the optic canal. The list of aetiologies is long. After recapitulating the main types of tumour (as well as those of most concern), we have also studied the different stages of surgery, namely approaches and reconstructions which we have illustrated at each stage by a tumour that, in our view, seemed emblematic of the problem in question: the lateral eyebrow approach for schwannoma and cavernous angioma, the transorbital subfrontal approach for optic nerve glioma, the pterional and orbital approaches for spheno-orbital meningioma, problems with reconstruction and with plexiform neurofibroma affecting the orbit and fibrous dysplasia of bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Partial trisomy 10q: a recognizable syndrome.

Five cases from two nonrelated families with partial trisomy 10q due to a reciprocal translocation t(10;17)(q25;p13) and t(10;11)(q24;q23), respectively, are reported. The phenotypic findings are compared with those of 17 previously published cases; the clinical data justify the conclusion that cases with trisomy 10q show a specific syndrome of mental retardation and malformation characterized by psychomotor retardation, growth retardation, hypotonia, high forehead, flat face, fine and arched eyebrows, antimongoloid slant of the eyes, narrow palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, short nose, bow-shaped mouth, short neck (kypho)scoliosis, and in some cases microcephaly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Distal duplication 14q: report of three cases and further delineation of the syndrome.

Three cases of distal duplication 14q are presented. The first two cases are cousins in a kindred segregating a balanced translocation t(14;18)(q31;q23). The third case resulted from a maternal translocation t(14;18)(q24;p11). By review of these cases and those previously reported, a distal duplication 14q syndrome is further delineated. Common features include postnatal growth retardation, mental retardation, hypotonia, microcephaly, slanted palpebral fissures, ocular hypertelorism, sparse eyelashes and eyebrows, nasal dysmorphism, tented lip, micrognathia, posteriorly rotated ears, and minor skeletal anomalies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

What facial features activate face neurons in the inferotemporal cortex of the monkey?

Single neurons were recorded in the inferotemporal cortex (IT) of a monkey trained to discriminate three selected human faces from a large number of different faces. Neurons which were not responsive to non-face visual stimuli used in the task but were responsive to certain sets of faces were found in the gyrus of the IT. The correlation analysis between the quantified facial features and the responses has revealed that face neurons detect the combination of the distances between facial parts such as eyes, mouth, eyebrows, hair, and so on. One of the face neurons detected the combination of the degree that the forehead above the left eye covered with hair and the distance between the eyes and the mouth. The results of this analysis have given appropriate reason for naming the neurons as the face neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Deletion 14q(q24.3 to q32.1) syndrome: significance of peculiar facial appearance in its diagnosis, and deletion mapping of Pi(alpha 1-antitrypsin).

A 10-month-old Japanese boy who had interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome No. 14; 46,XY, del(14)(pter----q24.3: :q32.1----qter) is reported. A peculiar facial appearance, including round face, frontal hypertrichosis with thick eyebrows, horizontal narrow palpebral fissures, a short bulbous nose with a flat nasal root, and mild micrognathia, appeared to be common with the two previously reported cases. We stress the significance of this peculiar facial appearance in the diagnosis of 14q-(q24.3 to q32.1) syndrome. The level of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the patient was only about half of that of his parents and controls, and the Pi locus was tentatively assigned to band 14q32.1.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1979

X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata. Review of literature and report of a case.

X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata is a syndrome consisting of skeletal, ocular, and cutaneous anomalies with asymmetric involvement of the body. The skin lesions, the hallmark of this condition, are distributed in a linear or blotchy pattern and include congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, systematized atrophoderma mainly involving the hair follicles, and circumscribed alopecia. The remaining scalp hair is in part normal and in part irregularly twisted and coarse. The eyebrows and lashes are sparse. The nails may be flattened and split into layers. Thirty-five cases of this new syndrome are reviewed, and an additional observation is reported. The ratio of females to males is 36:0. The concept of X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata has been suggested, and it has been postulated that there is a connection between the mosaic phenotype and the limitation to the female sex. Both facts would be explained by an X-linked gene giving rise to a pattern of lyonization in females, and lethal in hemizygous males. The classification of chondrodysplasia punctata thus includes three forms: the rhizomelic type, the Conradi-Hünermann type, and the X-linked dominant type. Two of these, the rhizomelic type and the X-linked dominant type, are well-defined entities. Whether the Conradi-Hünermann type, after separation of the X-linked form, is still heterogeneous, remains to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A recognizable pattern of the midface of retinoblastoma patients with interstitial deletion of 13q.

In our study, we found a recognizable pattern of the midface in three retinoblastoma patients with interstitial deletion of chromosome 13 in lymphocytes. Further photographs of patients reported by other authors confirmed our conclusion that the midface in children with interstitial deletion of 13q from q12 to q22, always involving q14, is characterized by prominent eyebrows, broad nasal bridge, bulbous tip of the nose, a large mouth with a thin upper lip, and a long philtrum. This midface pattern could not be recognized in patients with normal karyotypes, suggesting that the critical segment for the midface phenotype as well as for retinoblastoma may exist in band 13q14.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Laser ablation of facial cosmetic tattoos.

The application of facial cosmetic tattoos (eyeliner, lipliner, and rouge) has become popular over the past five years and has resulted in an increasing number of patients requesting removal of these permanent cosmetics. Poor positioning or misapplication of the tattoo pigment has been the most common reason for requesting removal. Because of the almost inevitable probability of scarring, removal of these facial tattoos has been difficult at best. We report the successful removal of facial cosmetic tattoos in ten different patients with the use of five different lasers. We have found the superpulsed CO2 laser and the Q-switched alexandrite laser to be effective in removal of black tattoo pigment. The alexandrite laser is effective without causing scarring, and the CO2 laser is extremely precise and provides the capability of removing tattoo pigment between eyelash or eyebrow hairs without damaging the hair follicles. Both the argon laser and the flashlamp pumped dye laser reacted with red tattoo pigment and offered some improvement but were not ideally suited for tattoo removal. However, the flashlamp pumped dye laser for pigment was very effective in removing red tattoo pigment possibly because of its short pulse width (300 ns) in addition to its appropriate wavelength. The combination of these three lasers (super-pulsed CO2, alexandrite, and flashlamp pigment lasers) is very effective in removing black and red (or shades thereof) facial tattoos. Caution must be taken to determine the presence of flesh-colored tattoo pigment, as this pigment (FE2O3) will reduce to black (FeO) upon laser impact.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The fiber endoscope with guidable and flexible working instruments for endofacelift: a new instrument in facial surgery.

The use of endoscopic video-assisted technique in facial rejuvenation is one of the most recent advances in aesthetic plastic surgery of the face. It replaces the bicoronal incision without the necessity of skin resection. The idea is to detach the muscles from the periorbital attachment, forcing the occipital muscle to pull the forehead tissue back and thus elevating the eyebrows. Therefore, we developed a flexible fiber endoscope that allows the surgeon to guide flexible instruments through its working channel. The endoscope is introduced through a 1-cm midscalp incision so that it can be used to expose and treat soft tissue regions in the forehead, the midface, and the neck.

Endoscopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Periorbital aesthetic surgery with the KTP laser.

The eyes are regarded as the windows to the soul. Many expressions of mood may be derived from the appearance of the eyes--mad, sad, bad, criminal, sweet, friendly, mystic. In addition, love and flirtatiousness, self-consciousness, pride, modesty, anger, youth, and age are shown in the expression of our eyes. The eyes and the periorbital region therefore challenge our surgical skill to improve the patient's overall well-being to be looked at each day in the mirror. The potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser in many indications helps us to fulfill the patient's expectations concerning pain, oozing, bruising, swelling, outpatient surgery, and early return to work and normal social activities. With the cutting fiber device, an accurate removal of skin and fat or even tumors is possible in this region with practically no side effects. The frontal lift, eyebrow lift, direct or through coronal incision, as well as temporal lifting are easily accessible and carried out by this device. Glabellar frowns may also be removed endoscopically. Further, the KTP laser may be used for transconjunctival blepharoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Video-endoscopic facelift.

We report on our experience with 22 video-endoscopic facelift cases. We prefer the term facelift to rhytidoplasty because with the endoscopic facelift facial wrinkles are not eliminated by resecting skin but by elevating facial structures, treating the facial muscles, and improving facial contour. We treat the frontal region subperiosteally by elevating the eyebrows, minimizing wrinkles, and avoiding the coronal incision. The midthird of the face is treated subcutaneously by dissecting the skin from the SMAS, from the ear to the nasolabial fold. The endoscope is inserted through one incision and a cautery through the other. Blood vessels are cauterized. Plicating the SMAS and premalar fat pads to the temporal fascia treats the nasolabial fold and the "jowl." In the cervical region we treat the plastysma, and, with superficial liposculpture, remove excess fat and provoke skin retraction, which allows us to treat older patients who have a more flaccid skin tone. The endoscope is used to help the cauterizing and the suturing. The platysma can be sutured in the midline, if necessary. The cervical mental angle can be redefined with a Goretex 0 suture that passes from mastoid to mastoid. Modified instruments and different approaches to this technique can be expected, but we believe video endoscopy is going to have an important impact on the future of plastic surgery.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1993

Aesthetic incision in the subcutaneous forehead lift.

The forehead plays a relevant role, perhaps the most important role, in what we shall call the topographical area of the orbital rims, since it flaccidity causes the eyebrows to droop, thus dragging down the upper eyelid and producing skin redundancy. Most published works on the subject of the forehead lift describe the classic coronal incision, with subgalea dissection involving an individualized design for each patient, according to the density of the hair. However, when the forehead has hair growing high on the head, the coronal incision becomes an anterior incision, following the first hairline. However, this has the same problems as the coronal incision, namely, anesthetizing the posterior part of the scar and, in some cases, depression of the scar on the edge of the flap caused by the retraction of the galea and the inadequate elimination of forehead furrows. Over the past two years, the author has used a nonlinear anterior incision with subcutaneous dissection in many select cases.

Forehead↗
PubMed1989

Cutaneous telangiectasia, sparse hair and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. A new case of a newly recognized entity.

A boy with sparse red hair, absent eyebrows and eyelashes, cutaneous telangiectasia, poorly developed subcutaneous fat and normocomplementaemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is described. Additional findings were an old-looking, peculiar face, mild developmental delay, calcified choroid plexus and renal arteriolosclerosis. It is believed that this is a new case of a newly recognized entity.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

Facial pain. III. A prospective study of the localization of facial pain in 1052 patients.

The study is based on 1052 prospective patients. They have been divided into 3 groups according to the duration of the attack. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the importance of localization of the pain in order to determine its patho-anatomical basis. The right/left ratio was 2/1 in the Neuralgia Patients. There was no difference in patients with Non-neuralgiform Pain. There were extremely few cases of bilateral pain among the Neuralgia Patients, 15% among patients with Non-neuralgiform Pain. In the Neuralgia Patients there was a predominantly deep localization up to 50%, the Non-neuralgiform Pain 74%. Seventeen points of origin of pain have been registered in the face. By far the most frequent is a point of origin with radiation. If the percentage distribution is calculated according to each trigeminal division, the point of origin of pain in 74% is the eyebrow in the area of the 1st division, as regards the 2nd and 3rd divisions more than 30% from the upper gingiva, the area in front of the ear and the lower gingiva and between 11 and 20% from the forehead and the hairline, the upper lip and the nasolabial sulcus, the maxilla and the cheek. Pain radiation is generally most frequent to the division from which the pain originates. Neuralgia hardly radiates outside the boundaries of the face. The pain is localized within the area of one division in 42%. The radiation is not systematic. It is not possible from the localization of the pain to decide any patho-anatomical basis of the pain. Nothing in the localization of pain can be used for classification of facial pain (particularly not the "parallelism" or the "peripheral course').

Brain Diseases↗