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The permanently unconscious patient, non-feeding and euthanasia.
Some sources condemn judicial decisions which authorize the withdrawal of artificial nutrition from permanently unconscious patients. These critics assert that withdrawal of nutrition from a preservable unconscious patient amounts to intentional killing of a helpless human being. Grave implications are seen for helpless patients. This article confronts these critics and their assertions. The author contends that the judicial approach which allows withdrawal of artificial nutrition is fully consistent with traditional medico-legal doctrines. The article articulates a standard--respect for human dignity--which justifies withdrawal of artificial nutrition from a permanently unconscious patient. The implications of this formula for other incompetent patients facing a protracted dying process is discussed. Finally, the article explains why active euthanasia can and ought to be distinguished from withdrawal of life-preserving medical intervention.
Humanistic base for professional ethics in medicine.
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Relational ethics in medicine.
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Elizabeth Bouvia, assisted suicide and social prejudice.
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Required request for organ donation: moral, clinical, and legal problems.
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She's going to die: the case of Angela C.
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Professional arrogance and public misunderstanding.
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Ethical issues related to pain control.
Two fundamental ethical questions involved in all health care decisions: what attitudes and practices enhance human values and what attitudes and practices diminish human values? Specifically, in the area of pain control, the ethical dilemma of balancing therapeutic relief with toxic side-effects is complicated by two salient factors. First is the need for an understanding of ethics that recognizes pain control as a crucial ethical issue. Second is the need to examine myths, attitudes, and behaviors in clinical practice that result in restrictive, insensitive, and inappropriate rationing of pain relief.
In death's shadow: the meanings of withholding resuscitation.
Many of the controversies surrounding the withholding of resuscitation are illuminated when we examine the language of resuscitation and resuscitative decisionmaking, and the contexts in which these decisions are made. Resuscitation and its withholding have multiple and often conflicting symbolic and emotional meanings for patients, families, and clinicians, and recognizing this divergence is essential to communication and to decisionmaking.
Our toughest questions--ethical quandaries in high tech nursing.
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David the "Bubble Boy' and the boundaries of the human.
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Involuntary euthanasia and current attempts to define persons with mental retardation as less than human.
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Ethics: there is nothing automatic about rights.
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