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PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of 2 techniques for the laboratory diagnosis of influenza virus infections].

The clinical or epidemiological influenza diagnosis require fast, sensitive and accessible techniques for small laboratories. In order to investigate the sensitivity of the methods currently used in Argentina, the rapid diagnosis by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IF) was compared to the rapid viral culture in MDCK cells. The diagnosis of influenza virus infection was performed on 81 nasal and pharyngeal swabs collected from outpatients with upper respiratory infection, influenza-like syndrome. The samples were collected during 1998 winter season and both techniques were tested. The IF specificity and sensitivity obtained were 91.9% and 59.5%, respectively. In the selection of the assay to be used for influenza diagnosis, the limitations of the simplest techniques such as IF should be considered. Furthermore, it is advisable to set up an optimized culture method in complex laboratories since culture is the only technique which allows the reference centers to perform the full characterization of the isolates.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Laboratory diagnosis of intrauterine and perinatal virus infections.

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine infection with rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), parvovirus B19 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may occur following maternal infection. Diagnosis of congenital infection in the neonate is dependent on the appropriate laboratory techniques being used. Prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine infection may also be indicated. Herpes simplex virus (HSV), HIV-1, VZV, enteroviruses, hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-1 and 2) and genital papillomaviruses (PVs) may be acquired at delivery. Neonatal HSV, VZV and enterovirus infections may be severe or even fatal. Perinatally acquired HBV, HCV, HIV-1 and HTLVs are associated with persistent infection and chronic disease in later life. However, if the mother is identified as a carrier in the antenatal period, mother-infant transmission of HBV may be prevented by active/passive immunisation of the neonate, HIV-1 by caesarian section or antiviral therapy, and of HTLV-1 by avoiding breast feeding. OBJECTIVES AND STUDY DESIGN: To review the techniques available for the diagnosis of intrauterine infections, neonatal infections with HSV, HIV-1, VZV and enteroviruses, maternal infection with HBV, HCV and HIV-1 and prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine rubella, CMV and B19. RESULTS: Congenital rubella may be diagnosed by detection of specific IgM, but virus detection is the technique of choice for congenital cytomegalovirus. Congenital VZV may be diagnosed by serological techniques in up to 71% of cases. Detection of virus in vesicle scrapings or swabs from the oropharynx is the technique of choice for neonatal HSV, while enterovirus infections are best diagnosed by detection of viral RNA. A clinical diagnosis of congenital VZV is often possible. HIV-1 may be diagnosed within 3 months of birth by testing serial blood samples with a combination of techniques. Maternal infection with HBV, HCV, HIV and HTLV1/11 may be diagnosed by serological techniques and genital PVs by detection of viral DNA. Chorionic villus samples, amniotic fluid and fetal blood may be obtained for prenatal diagnosis of infection. Although detection of virus in amniotic fluid is the technique of choice for prenatal diagnosis of CMV, insufficient data is currently available to determine whether it may be used for intrauterine rubella. The most reliable technique for diagnosis of fetal B19 infection is detection of viral DNA in fetal blood. CONCLUSIONS: Close liaison between clinicians and microbiologists/virologists is required in order that appropriate specimens are collected from infant and/or mother and appropriate tests conducted. The use of TORCH screening should be discouraged.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of primary tuberculosis of respiratory organs in adults].

Comprehensive clinical, X-ray, and laboratory studies were made of 495 patients with primary tuberculosis of respiratory tuberculosis whose age was over 18 years. Tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (a tumorous form), infiltrative tuberculosis at preroot and lower lobar sites), and exudative pleurisy were prevalent in the clinical structure of primary forms of a specific process. The highest morbidity was observed in the age group of 20-25 years. Tuberculin tests were positive in 95.1% of cases, they being hyperergic in 10.9% and negative and nuclear only in 4.9%. Sputum tests for altered forms of tuberculosis agents enhance diagnostic verification by 16%. The informative value of a complex of clinical and X-ray examinations in the diagnosis of primary respiratory tuberculosis in adults ranges from 47.4 to 79.6% with immunoassay, and 28.3 to 77.5 with biochemical tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Laboratory diagnosis of rabies in western Canada (1968--1977).

The results of laboratory examination of 18,086 specimens for the presence of rabies antigen by the fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation tests over a ten year period are presented. The submissions were received from British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, the Yukon and the Northwest Territories. Of those examined, 10.74% were positive: however, the incidence of rabies varied widely in the specimens and species submitted, depending on their origin. The principal wildlife reservoirs of the disease appear to be skunks, foxes and bats. A correlation of almost 99% was obtained between the fluorescent antibody test and the mouse inoculation test, indicating that the diagnostic procedures used were highly reliable in identifying rabies-infected animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Head-space gas-liquid chromatography for the rapid laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections caused by enterobacteria.

Urine specimens were analysed in parallel in a hospital laboratory by routine methods which were regarded as the standard of correct diagnosis and by the rapid test already developed in a research laboratory. Technical modifications made to the rapid test ensured that its results agreed with those from routine methods and increased its rapidity so that a result was possible 4 h after receipt of the specimen. When 382 urine specimens were analysed by the modified test which is described in detail, there were neither false negatives nor false positives for infections with Escherichia, Klebsiella, Citrobacter or Proteus species.

Chromatography, Gas↗