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The use of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on injured dental pulp results in the stimulation of regenerative processes. A reduction of disorders of the circulatory system is observed, inflammatory and degenerative processes are also reduced.
Bartonella species are responsible for chronic bacteremia in domestic cats, which raises a question about the antiquity of the relationship between Bartonella species and cats that act as reservoirs for the organism. The sequencing of Bartonella pap31 and groEL genes from the dental pulp of cats dating from the 13th to 16th centuries identified the presence of B. henselae genotype Houston; the observation of a unique mutation in the results of PCR assays for Bartonella species ruled out modern DNA contamination of the dental pulp samples. We conclude that cats had bacteremia due to B. henselae 800 years ago.
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Some properties and the intracellular distriubtion of inorganic pyrophosphatase in rabbit dental pulp were determined. This enzyme was sensitive to Mg2+, and not inhibited by imidazol and CN- which are inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase. Inorganic pyrophosphatase was found predominantly in the supernatant fraction.
Fibroblast-like cells were isolated from dental pulp of rabbit incisor, and were shown to synthesize and secrete procollagen. Analysis of the secreted procollagen and their CNBr peptides indicated that the prominent form was type I procollagen. Our results also suggested the presence of type III procollagen as a minor component synthesized by pulp cells in vitro.
An attempt has been made to characterize the nature of the unidentified cell processes participating in gap junctions in the odontoblast layer. In peripheral and pulpal nerves, there is a strong relationship between together with the ratio of microtubules to microfilaments, has been measured and compared for four types of cell processes found in the dental pulp, including those participating in gap junctions. The processes taking part in the gap junctions cannot be distinguished from pulpal axons on the basis of microtubule-to-microfilament ratio nor on the relationship between microtubule and microfilament population and process caliber. While these findings do not prove that the "gap members" are nerve fibers, it does support the hypothesis that the processes taking part in gap junctions in the peripheral dental pulp are nerve fibers.
The measurement of neuropeptides in complex biological tissue samples requires efficient and appropriate extraction methods so that immunoreactivity is retained for subsequent radioimmunoassay detection. Since neuropeptides differ in their molecular mass, charge and hydrophobicity, no single method will suffice for the optimal extraction of various neuropeptides. In this study, dental pulp tissue was obtained from 30 human non-carious teeth. Of the three different neuropeptide extraction methods employed, boiling in acetic acid in the presence of protease inhibitors yielded the highest levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of dental pulp tissue verified the authenticity of the neuropeptides extracted.
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A step-by-step technique leading to the preparation of a full-crown with diffusion chamber in the cat, is presented. The crown is built according to the routine clinical technique. The diffusion chamber is prepared and sealed with the help of a specially adapted screw. A vital stain locked in the diffusion chamber did not show any leakage in the oral cavity, even after 3 months. Such a device could easily help to study the action of toxins and isolated antigens on the animals dental pulp.
Recombinant DNA hybridizing specifically to a 300 nucleotide repeat DNA sequence (BLUR8) of human specificity and to human repeat DNA sequence (pHY10) on the Y chromosome was used for human identification and sex determination of degraded DNA samples of blood stains, dental pulp, and bone marrow. This radioactive technique enabled reliable and sensitive human and sex determination from blood stains that were more than 80 years old. Less than 1 piece of 0.5 cm length thread of blood stain was enough for both tests. DNA from relatively fresh dental pulp and bone marrow was clearly identified. The human identification test, which could recognize up to 0.3 ng DNA correctly, was 3 to 5 times more sensitive than the sex determination test.
Effects of the enzymes trypsin, papain, bromelains and ficin on bovine dental pulp tissue were studied. Minced or whole pulps were subjected to each enzyme at 17 degrees, 20 degrees and 37 degrees C for set time intervals, after which aliquots of supernatant fluid were removed for cell counts and viability tests. Pooled samples were subsequently cultured as monolayers in Eagle's MEM plus 10% calf serum. The dissociation characteristics were quite distinct for each enzyme, although quite similar between minced and whole pulp. A parallel histological study was made of the residual pulp tissue. Ficin was found to be the most suitable enzyme for future studies on the growth of isolated pulp cells from various layers of the bovine pulp, due to its even rate of cell removal, and the good initial viability and subsequent growth of the separated cells in monolayer culture. Further studies on ficin may show that it is more suitable for enzymatic separation of tissues generally than the more commonly used trypsin, a major advantage being its use in media containing Ca2+ and Mg2+.
This study examined pulpal blood flow and oxygen consumption by the dental pulps of dogs. Blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere method and oxygen uptake was determined by the indirect Warburg approach. These variables were assessed 2 days after the canine teeth had been exposed and treated with either a cotton pellet impregnated with 1 per cent prednisolone or normal saline. The analysis indicated that the pulpal blood flow as well as the oxygen consumption did not differ between the steriod-treated tooth and the corresponding saline-treated tooth in the same jaw.
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Homeobox-containing genes play a crucial role in odontogenesis. After the detection of Dlx and Msx genes in overlapping domains along maxillary and mandibular processes, a homeobox odontogenic code has been proposed to explain the interaction between different homeobox genes during dental lamina patterning. No role has so far been assigned to the Hox gene network in the homeobox odontogenic code due to studies on specific Hox genes and evolutionary considerations. Despite its involvement in early patterning during embryonal development, the HOX gene network, the most repeat-poor regions of the human genome, controls the phenotype identity of adult eukaryotic cells. Here, according to our results, the HOX gene network appears to be active in human tooth germs between 18 and 24 weeks of development. The immunohistochemical localization of specific HOX proteins mostly concerns the epithelial tooth germ compartment. Furthermore, only a few genes of the network are active in embryonal retromolar tissues, as well as in ectomesenchymal dental pulp cells (DPC) grown in vitro from adult human molar. Exposure of DPCs to cAMP induces the expression of from three to nine total HOX genes of the network in parallel with phenotype modifications with traits of neuronal differentiation. Our observations suggest that: (i) by combining its component genes, the HOX gene network determines the phenotype identity of epithelial and ectomesenchymal cells interacting in the generation of human tooth germ; (ii) cAMP treatment activates the HOX network and induces, in parallel, a neuronal-like phenotype in human primary ectomesenchymal dental pulp cells.
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