Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Compulsive Personality Disorder”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Speed and accuracy on tests of executive function in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Slowness in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been attributed to intrusive thoughts or meticulousness. Recent research suggests that slowness in OCD may be particularly evident on tests of executive function subserved by frontostriatal circuitry. In the present study, the speed and accuracy of responding on neuropsychological tests of executive functions and psychomotor speed were investigated in 27 non-depressed, unmedicated adults with OCD and 27 healthy controls. The only group difference was that patients took significantly longer to copy a complex geometric design than controls. This finding was unrelated to residual depression or overall OCD symptom severity. Results suggest that slowness in OCD may be most apparent on executive tests requiring self-initiated organizational strategies, consistent with frontostriatal abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms among patients with Sydenham chorea.

BACKGROUND: Among patients with tic disorders, a distinctive clinical profile of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology has been described. The present investigation was designed to document the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) among patients with Sydenham chorea (SC), the neurologic variant of rheumatic fever. We hypothesized that OCS occurring in association with SC would be similar to those among patients with tic disorders. METHODS: The authors studied the presence of OCS in 73 patients with SC by using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale at the Pediatric Clinics of the University of Sao Paulo Medical Center in Sao Paulo, Brazil (n = 45) and at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Maryland (n = 28). RESULTS: The most frequent symptoms observed among subjects with comorbid SC and OCS were aggressive, contamination, and somatic obsessions and checking, cleaning, and repeating compulsions. A principal component factor analysis yielded a five-factor solution (accounting for 64.5% of the total variance), with contamination and symmetry obsessions and cleaning compulsions loading highly. CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms observed among the SC patients were different from those reported by patients with tic disorders but were similar to those previously noted among samples of pediatric patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Psychopathology in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: a controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: Few controlled studies have considered, in paediatric subjects, associations between Tourette's syndrome (TS) and psychiatric/behavioural disorders. We conducted a case-control study to verify the reproducibility of the few data published on this topic to date. METHOD: Clinicians' impression (i.e. structured interviews and usual history taking), standardized psychiatric and behavioural rating scales (CBCL, TAI, CDI, CRS-R:L, Y-GTSS, CY-BOCS) were used to investigate these associations in 17 youngsters with TS and in 17 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS: The clinician's diagnoses revealed TS alone in 23.5% of the patients (4/17), TS plus attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 11.8% (2/17), TS plus obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 41.2% (7/17), and TS plus ADHD and OCD in 23.5% (4/17). No control subject presented ADHD and/or OCD. These clinical findings were confirmed by Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) results. The TS group, compared with the controls, recorded significantly higher CBCL scores in scales relating to the main comorbid conditions. No significant differences emerged on the Children's Depression Inventory or Test Anxiety Inventory. CONCLUSION: TS patients have a high prevalence of psychiatric and behavioural problems compared with controls. The CBCL is a rapid and useful screening-diagnostic instrument for highlighting the main psychiatric and behavioural problems in TS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Development of the body image concern inventory.

Development of the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), a measure designed to assess dysmorphic concern, is described. A panel of expert raters supported the construct validity of the measure, and four college student samples (Ns=184, 200, 56, 40) supported the internal consistency of the BICI. In addition, in studies 1 and 3, concurrent validity was established through comparison of the BICI to extant self-report and interview measures of dysmorphic symptomatology. Convergent validity patterns were assessed through comparison with measures of obsessive-compulsive and eating disorder symptomatology in studies 2 and 4. Finally, the results of study 4 supported that the BICI discriminated individuals with a diagnosis of Body Dysmorphic Disorder or bulimia (disorders that frequently involve high levels of dysmorphic concern) from those with subclinical symptoms. Results suggest that the BICI is a reliable, valid, and user-friendly tool for assessing dysmorphic concern, with utility in both research and clinical settings.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2006

Cognitive aspects of nonclinical obsessive-compulsive hoarding.

Research on the cognitive variables associated with obsessive-compulsive hoarding is scarce. In this study, we investigated cognitive variables that may contribute to the maintenance and possibly etiology of hoarding. College students who characterized themselves as either "packrats" (nonclinical hoarders; n=21) or not (control participants; n=20) completed questionnaires assessing hoarding behavior and beliefs about hoarding, and completed a task requiring them to categorize diverse objects and trinkets of minimal value into groups. The results revealed that nonclinical hoarders, relative to control participants, rated the categorization task as significantly more stressful and difficult. Relative to control participants, hoarders took longer to complete the task and sorted objects into more categories. These findings suggest that underinclusiveness and indecisiveness, characteristic of clinical hoarders, are evident in nonclinical hoarders as well.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insight in obsessive compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder.

Similarities between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have been described in terms of clinical presentation, comorbidity rates, treatment response profiles, and other features. This is the first study to compare insight in OCD and BDD measuring global insight and numerous components of insight. We compared insight in 64 adult outpatients with DSM-IV OCD and 85 adult outpatients with DSM-IV BDD using a reliable and valid measure (the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale [BABS]). BDD patients had significantly poorer global insight than OCD patients. BDD patients also had significantly poorer insight on the following components of insight: conviction that the belief is accurate, perception of other's views of the belief, explanation for differing views, willingness to consider that the belief is wrong, and recognition that the belief has a psychiatric/psychological cause. Poorer insight was significantly positively correlated with more severe symptoms of the disorder only in the BDD group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and hoarding symptoms: a distinctive clinical subtype?

We investigated whether patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding symptoms can be differentiated from their counterparts with other types of obsessions and compulsions in terms of sociodemographic and clinical features. Ninety-seven patients with OCD were assessed with a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Fifteen patients who reported hoarding symptoms in the Y-BOCS checklist (15.6% of the total sample) were compared and contrasted with 82 patients without those symptoms using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the Pearson's goodness-of-fit chi-square test for categorical ones; Fisher's exact test was employed when indicated. Hoarders were characterized by (1) higher educational levels (chi(2) = 7.49; df = 2; P =.02); (2) earlier age at onset (Z = -2.99; P =.003); (3) higher rates of symmetry obsessions (chi(2) = 7.03; df = 1; P =.01); (4) greater frequency of ordering (chi(2) = 10.08; df = 1; P =.004); (5) rituals repetition (chi(2) = 4.42; df = 1; P =.03); (6) counting compulsions (chi(2) = 5.92; df = 1; P =.02); and (7) significantly higher rates of comorbidity with bipolar II disorder (chi(2) = 10.62; df = 1; P =.02) and (8) with eating disorders (chi(2) = 7.42; df = 1; P =.02). In conclusion, patients with OCD exhibiting hoarding feature a distinctive sociodemographic and clinical profile. It remains to be investigated whether these phenotypical characteristics are underlined by specific neurobiological mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of compulsive buying in patients presenting obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the prevalence of compulsive buying (CB) among patients presenting an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). They compared the buying style of patients with and without CB. METHOD: One thousand five hundred consecutive patients were assessed by a general practitioner in Paris (France). Sixty patients presenting with OCD were included. Patients with CB associated with OCD (n = 14) were compared with those with "pure" OCD (n = 46). Sixty patients paired for sex and age and free from OCD, depression, and anxiety were also recruited among the clients of the same general practitioner. We compared 3 groups: controls, patients with OCD, and patients with OCD + CB. RESULTS: Prevalence of CB was 23% (14 cases) among patients with OCD and 6% (4 cases) in controls (chi(2)(1) = 5.3, P = .02). Patients presenting with OCD + CB had a higher number of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Fourth Edition diagnostic criteria for OCD than patients with pure OCD (6.1 and 5.4, respectively, P = .001). Depression was more frequent in the OCD + CB group (78%) than in the OCD group (42%) and in controls (10%) (P = .02). Patients from the OCD + CB group had higher score at the CAGE questionnaire than those of the OCD group (2 vs 0.7, P = .003). Patients with OCD + CB considered 42% of their purchases as occasions not to be passed up compared with 15.4% in the OCD group and 8.6% in controls. OCD+CD patients used the items they bought after a longer delay than controls and patients with pure OCD (8.2 vs 3 and 3.1 days, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compulsive buying is more frequent in OCD than in controls. Patients presenting with OCD + CB show more depressive disorders and drink more alcohol. They are more highly implicated in the items they buy and they are more often disappointed by the items once they possess them.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Thought-action fusion: review of the literature and future directions.

Thought-action fusion (TAF) is the tendency for individuals to assume that certain thoughts either imply the immorality of their character or increase the likelihood of catastrophic events. The burgeoning literature on TAF is reviewed. It is not clear whether TAF refers to a specific appraisal style, a more enduring belief, or a combination of both. Inconsistent definitions of magical thinking have hindered better understanding of the relationship between TAF and magical thinking. Much work remains to be done to improve assessment and measurement of TAF. TAF is associated with tendencies towards obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and may contribute to its symptoms. However, the literature investigating TAF and other variables implicated in OCD remains inconclusive. It is suggested that TAF is not specific to OCD, but also prevalent in other anxiety disorders. TAF appears to be moderately related to depressive symptoms and a similar bias may contribute to preoccupations in eating disorders. TAF is also associated with the presence of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. Educational and cognitive therapy approaches to reduce TAF and consequent symptoms are discussed, and suggestions for further research made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Syllogomania.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Temporal stability of symptom dimensions in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Although symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are heterogeneous, considerable advances have been made in subtyping OCD based on factor-analysed symptom dimensions. However, there is very little empirical data on the longitudinal course of symptom dimensions in adult OCD. METHODS: We examined prospectively the temporal symptom stability in adult OCD patients. Of 54 baseline OCD inpatients, 43 (80%) were re-assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale symptom checklist after 6 years on average. RESULTS: Significant changes occurred within the symptom dimensions aggressive/checking, symmetry/ordering, and contamination/cleaning, whereas the others (hoarding, sexual/religious) remained unchanged from baseline to follow-up. Shifts between different dimensions from baseline to follow-up were rare, the score of each dimension at follow-up was most strongly predicted from the score of the same dimension at baseline. LIMITATIONS: The main limitation of the present study is the relatively small sample size. Furthermore, not the same raters conducted the baseline and follow-up assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Symptom dimensions seem to be remarkably stable over several years in adult OCD, despite various treatments and significant improvements in symptom severity. This underlines the usefulness of these symptom dimensions for studies of biological and genetic markers, comorbidity and treatment response predictors.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Sexual pleasure in women with obsessive-compulsive disorder?

BACKGROUND: Although patients with OCD have reported sexual dissatisfaction frequently, controlled studies are sparse. This study compared subjective appreciation of sexuality and sexual functioning between OCD patients and healthy subjects and controlled for the influence of medication or OCD subtypes on sexual functioning and satisfaction. METHODS: Self-report questionnaires were sent to 350 female outpatients with OCD and 101 questionnaires were completed. RESULTS: OCD patients reported significantly more sexual disgust (t = 4.48, p < 0.001), less sexual desire (t = 5.52, p < 0.001), sexual arousal (t = 4.28, p < 0.001), and satisfying orgasms (t = 4.94, p < 0.001), than controls. Neither medication nor OCD phenotypes did affect outcome. LIMITATIONS: A self-report questionnaire and relatively low response-rate (29%) could have biased the results and the sample was limited to women so results might not be generalisable to men. CONCLUSIONS: Female patients with OCD report low sexual pleasure, high sexual disgust and diminished sexual functioning, which are not only attributed to medication or contamination obsessions. In the future, clinicians should explicitly ask for sexual function in the assessment of patients with OCD.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Improvement in mood and ideation associated with increase in right caudate volume.

BACKGROUND: The basal ganglia, particularly caudate, are hypothesized to play a role in affective and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The depressive syndrome is a feature of untreated Cushing's disease. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that after treatment of Cushing's disease reduces elevated cortisol, improvement in mood and related ideations are associated with increase in caudate volume. METHODS: In this longitudinal, interventional study of 23 patients with Cushing's disease, 24-hour urinary free cortisol, structural magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures were obtained prior to treatment and approximately one year after pituitary microadenomectomy. Five SCL-90-R subscales measuring change in mood, related ideations and physical symptoms were utilized. RESULTS: Partial correlations (adjusted for age and time since surgery) showed change in caudate, but not hippocampal, volume was significantly associated with change in behavioral SCL-90-R subscales, indicating selectivity for structure. Right but not left caudate showed associations, suggesting selectivity for lateralization. Right caudate volume increase was significantly associated with decreases in Depression, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Paranoid scores, but not with Somatization (physical symptoms), indicating specificity for behavioral but not physical variables. LIMITATIONS: A limitation is that relatively low-resolution scans were utilized. Although most likely not diminishing the significant findings, less sensitive methodology could lead to an increased probability of a type 2 error. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the concept that caudate, and likely right caudate, participates in human brain circuitry regulating mood.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2006

Autogenous and reactive obsessions: further evidence for a two-factor model of obsessions.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a highly disabling anxiety disorder, characterized by occurrence of intrusive and unwanted thoughts (obsessions), which lead to performance of repetitive compulsions and/or rituals in order to reduce distress. Recently, it has been proposed that obsessions may be divided into two categories, termed autogenous and reactive obsessions [Lee, H.-J., & Kwon, S.-M. (2003). Two different types of obsessions: autogenous obsessions and reactive obsessions. Behavior Research and Therapy, 41, 11-29]. In this study, we aimed to further validate this subtyping of obsessions, and to investigate the cognitive and emotional correlates of the subtypes. Evidence was found for the division, using a confirmatory factor analysis in an analogue sample (N=372). It was found that frequency of reactive obsessions related more strongly to distress caused by overt OC symptoms (e.g., washing, checking), whereas frequency of autogenous obsessions related to distress from impulses of harm. Compared to autogenous obsessions, frequency of reactive obsessions correlated more strongly with all OC-related beliefs. Few differences were found between autogenous and reactive obsessions with respect to depression, anxiety, and view about self (self-ambivalence, self-esteem). It is suggested that existing OC-belief measures are more relevant to reactive obsessions. Implications for theory and treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A self-report version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist: psychometric properties of factor-based scales in three samples.

Current research in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) recognizes substantial symptom heterogeneity and emphasizes dimensional assessment of core domains. This study administered a self-report version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist to OCD patients (n=53), non-OCD psychiatric patients (n=96), and students (n=419). Factor analyses of category- versus item-level data produced different solutions (4 or 5 vs. 3 factors, respectively), but support a multidimensional framework for OCD symptoms. For between-groups analyses, the two patient groups scored significantly higher than students on nearly all dimensions. However, OCD and non-OCD patients differed significantly only on Symmetry/Ordering symptoms. These findings provide novel data concerning this instrument and suggest that most of its scales may not distinguish OCD patients clearly when administered in this manner. We provide recommendations for improving subsequent self-report versions but caution users not to over-extend its intended use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Masculine Gender Role Stress: a potential predictor of phobic and obsessive-compulsive behaviour.

Eisler and Blalock (Clin. Psychol. Rev. 11 (1991) 45) developed a cognitively mediated notion of Masculine Gender Role Stress (MGRS) which assumes that rigid commitment to masculine schemata for appraisal and coping with life's problems may both produce stress and result in dysfunctional coping patterns in men. Previous findings obtained in a non-clinical sample pointed to the ability of the MGRS General scale to predict different forms of irrational fears. Using a predominantly psychologically distressed sample, the present study replicated this finding. In addition, different subordinate concepts of MGRS (Physical inadequacy, Emotional inexpressiveness, Subordination to women, Intellectual inferiority, and Performance failure) predicted Agoraphobic fears, Blood-Injury fears, Social fears, and Obsessional checking and washing compulsions distinctively. Intellectual inferiority was the strongest predictor of Social fears. Most MGRS measures emerged as better predictors of Checking than of Washing rituals. There were no sex differences in the predictive capabilities of any of the MGRS measures on any of the criterion measures. A hypothetical explanation is given for the observation of MGRS being more strongly predictive of Checking than of Washing rituals using the concept of "inflated responsibility". Implications for assessment, treatment and further studies are briefly pinpointed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Outcome predictors for severe obsessive-compulsive patients in intensive residential treatment.

Intensive residential treatment (IRT) is an effective management approach for those with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to identify IRT response predictors for clinical and research use. Consecutive subjects admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital/McLean OCD Institute (OCDI) between February 1997 and June 2003 were included (N=476). IRT responder and non-responder group characteristics were compared using t-tests and chi(2) analyses. Multiple regression analysis modeled relationships between final OCD severity (Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale scores) and predictor variables, while accounting for multicollinearity and potential outliers. Treatment responders comprised 59.3% of the treatment sample. Responders had significantly fewer males (p=0.02), lower depression severity (p=0.03), poorer psychosocial functioning (p=0.03) and fewer tic disorders (0.04), but were not different with respect to admission length, age, marital or employment status, OCD onset, family OCD history, treatment or admission history. In the final regression model, decreased initial OCD severity (p<0.001), female gender (p=0.003) and better initial psychosocial functioning (Work and Social Adjustment scale scores) (p=0.003) were predictors of less severe OCD at discharge (adjusted R-square=0.28). Depression severity (Beck Depression Inventory scores) and insight were not predictive of treatment outcome. Future research is necessary to elucidate putative relationships between gender and OCD psychopathology, and to understand the interplay of psychosocial factors, OCD severity and treatment outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Chronic tics and Tourette syndrome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic motor/vocal tics (CMVT) are both common disorders in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, there have been few studies evaluating the differences between the OCD with TS and OCD with CMVT subgroups. This study was conducted in order to further investigate possible differences between the expression of the OCD phenotype in OCD with TS and that seen in OCD with CMVT. One hundred and fifty-nine outpatients referred to an OCD research program were evaluated using the following instruments: the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; and the USP-HARVARD Repetitive Behaviors Interview. Patients were divided into three groups: OCD patients without tics (OCD-TICS, n=98), OCD patients with chronic motor or vocal tics (OCD+CMVT, n=31) and OCD patients with TS (OCD+TS, n=30). OCD+CMVT patients were similar to OCD+TS patients regarding the frequency of intrusive sounds, repeating behaviors, counting and tic-like compulsions (in both cases more frequent than in OCD-TICS patients). For age at obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom onset, sensory phenomena score, number of comorbidities, frequency of somatic obsessions, bodily sensations and just-right perceptions, OCD+CMVT patients tended to be in between the other two groups. Our results suggest that there are qualitative and quantitative differences in the phenotypic expression of tic disorders in OCD patients, depending on whether the subject has TS or only CMVT.

Adolescent↗