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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Dietary n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduces superoxide production and chemiluminescence in a monocyte-enriched preparation of leukocytes.

Consuming substantial quantities of n-3 fatty acids reduces atherogenesis in experimental models of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms of this beneficial effect remain uncertain. Monocyte-derived tissue macrophages are associated with atherogenesis, and inhibition of monocyte inflammatory activity could, hypothetically, be helpful in preventing atherosclerosis. We observed that stimulated human monocyte and/or macrophage production of superoxide and the occurrence of monocyte chemiluminescence, two indices of monocyte inflammatory activity, were significantly reduced by the ingestion of 6 g n-3 fatty acids/d for 6 wk. This effect was associated with a reduction of stearic and arachidonic acids whereas eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations rose significantly. These results indicate that modest dietary n-3 fatty acid supplementation can reduce stimulated human-monocyte free-radical production and may impair the capability of macrophages derived from monocytes to promote oxidation of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and associated cellular toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Habitual fish consumption, plasma phospholipid fatty acids, and serum lipids: the Tromsø study.

We examined the cross-sectional relationships between the frequency of habitual fish consumption, plasma phospholipid fatty acids, and serum lipids and lipoproteins in 152 men and women. There was a significant association between fish consumption starting from 1 dish/wk and plasma n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids. Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20: 5n-3) reflected fish consumption to a greater extent than did docosahexaenoic acid (DHA;22:6n-3). Triglycerides decreased (P less than 0.05) with fish consumption. In multivariate analysis in which anthropometric and lifestyle factors were controlled for, EPA correlated inversely with triglycerides (P less than 0.05) and positively with high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (both P less than 0.001). In contrast, DHA did not correlate with triglycerides and showed negative associations to HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (both P less than 0.001). Platelet phospholipid EPA, but not DHA, was associated with lower triglyceride and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations (both P less than 0.05). This study suggests that long-term intake of small amounts of fish has biological effects, and that EPA and DHA have divergent relations with lipoprotein metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The use of conventional and complementary treatments for knee osteoarthritis in the community.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the survey was to assess the prevalence of clinically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis (OA) in two general practice populations in the Wessex region (practice A: a deprived urban population and practice B: an affluent rural population) and to assess both conventional and complementary therapy use in these two populations. METHODS: All patients over 55 yr with a clinical diagnosis of knee OA, as identified from the practice computerized records, were sent a questionnaire about their knee pain and their use of conventional and complementary treatments. RESULTS: A total of 4566 patients over 55 yr were registered in the two practices. Of these, 828 (18.13%) had a clinical diagnosis of knee OA and 240 (29%) patients were asymptomatic at the time of survey. Physiotherapy was under-utilized with only 13.1% of patients having received either hospital- or GP-based physiotherapy. There was a high prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, being significantly more in the affluent population (P < 0.05). In the affluent population there were statistically more social class groups 1-3a; statistically more NSAIDs, glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate were also used. The median amount spent on complementary medicine per month was 5.00 UK pounds, with the affluent population spending significantly more (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, physiotherapy is an under-utilized treatment for knee OA, in spite of its recommendation as first-line treatment in all guidelines. Complementary medicines and therapies are commonly used, particularly in affluent populations.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The fatty acid composition of subcellular membranes of rat liver, heart, and brain: diet-induced modifications.

The influence of diets having different fatty acids composition on the fatty acid content of (the phospholipids) of rat liver mitochondria and microsomes, heart mitochondria, brain mitochondria and microsomes has been analyzed. It has been found that each organelle has its own peculiar composition in fatty acids. This composition may be profoundly influenced by the diet, but to different degrees in different organelles. Those of brain are most resistant. The changes observed are rather rapid, being generally already maximal after three weeks of treatment. The parallel between fatty acid composition of diets, and the changes observed in the organelles, is not strict, and is probably influenced by the metabolic competition among oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid. Unusual fatty acids like erucic acid, trans-oleic acid, and trans-linoleic acid can also become incorporated into the membranes of cell organelles.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Vitamin A and sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia 1992-1995.

AIM: To assess the effect of vitamin supplementation on the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). METHODS: The analyses are based on data from the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study, a case-control study in which parents of SIDS victims in the Scandinavian countries were invited to participate together with parents of four matched controls between 1 September 1992 and 31 August 1995. The odds ratios presented are computed by conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The crude odds ratio in Scandinavia for not giving vitamin substitution was 2.8 (95% CI (1.9, 4.3)). This effect was statistically significant in Norway and Sweden, which use A and D vitamin supplementation, but not in Denmark, where only vitamin D supplementation is given. The odds ratios remained significant in Sweden when an adjustment was made for confounding factors (OR 28.4, 95% CI (4.7, 171.3)). CONCLUSION: We found an association between increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome and infants not being given vitamin supplementation during their first year of life. This was highly significant in Sweden, and the effect is possibly connected with vitamin A deficiency. This effect persisted when an adjustment was made for potential confounders, includingsocioeconomic factors.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1981

Detection of Lipid Degradation Products in the Water of a Reservoir During a Bloom of Synura uvella.

A stripping method was used to determine the volatile compounds present in the raw water of a reservoir during a heavy bloom of Synura uvella. Besides numerous pollution products, a large number of previously unidentified algal excretion products were determined, including alkenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and nor-carotenoids. The approximate amounts of some important algal excretion products present in the raw water are stated. Their biosynthetic origin and possible function in the ecosystem are discussed. The offensive cod liver oil-like odor which Synura imparts to the raw water was traceable to trans,cis-deca-2,4-dienal and minor amounts of trans,cis-hepta-2,4-dienal.

Journal Article↗