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PubMed1976

New developments in electroconvulsive therapy.

Recent legal limitations on the availability of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are discussed in relation to the constitutional rights of the doctor-patient relationship. Technical factors which may contribute to the debate about ECT are presented. Improved methods of administration and documentation are proposed.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1978

Psychosocial factors in elderly patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital.

Over a three-year period, 204 consecutive patients admitted to a psychiatric unit for the elderly were studied and their progress was followed for a further two years. For three-quarters, it was their first ever admission to such a unit. More than half were suffering from a functional psychiatric disorder. In 35.8% a life stress was of aetiological importance. 27.9% were discharged to their own homes, 31.9% into care and 35.3% died. 17.6% were admitted on at least one further occasion. Male sex, age over 75 and the presence of organic psychiatric disorders were associated with an unfavourable outcome. Age under 75, married civil status and functional psychiatric disorder were associated with a favourable outcome. Re-admission was common amongst females who were admitted with a diagnosis of psychotic depression, and discharged to their own homes. A life stress including a loss of physical health in the year preceding admission did not adversely affect outcome. At a time of life when many losses are experienced and physical powers are reduced, the elderly seem remarkably resilient and able to work through the crisis which has brought about their admission.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Civil background variables significant to the development of psychiatric disorders during military service.

The author served as a military psychiatrist for one year. In this article, he presents material from a personally conducted examination of soldiers with psychiatric disorders. He has also collected material on two control groups of soldiers. He has also processed patient material collected by other military psychiatrists. Both patient groups are compared with the two control groups concerning various civilian background factors. The study shows that the patients differ from the controls regarding a number of negative factors in their civilian background. These factors can be seen as predisposing to the development of psychiatric disorders while in the Military. The author concludes that these factors ought to be identified at the conscription examination, which is a present in adequate from a psychiatric viewpoint. An effort should be made at conscription to construct a profile of the individual's adaptability. The possibility of the development of a psychiatric disorder could thus be better evaluated.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Civil background variables significant to the development of psychiatric disorders during military service.

The author served as a military psychiatrist for one year. In this article, he presents material from a personally conducted examination of soldiers with psychiatric disorders. He has also collected material on two control groups of soldiers. He has also processed patient material collected by other military psychiatrists. Both patient groups are compared with the two control groups concerning various civilian background factors. The study shows that the patients differ from the controls regarding a number of negative factors in their civilian background. These factors can be seen as predisposing to the development of psychiatric disorders while in the Military. The author concludes that these factors ought to be identified at the conscription examination, which is at present inadequate from a psychiatric viewpoint. An effort should be made at conscription to construct a profile of the individual's adaptability. The possibility of the development of a psychiatric disorder could thus be better evaluated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Continuous mental disorder as a prerequisite for the loss of legal capacity].

German civil law differentiates between continuous and temporary mental disorder. Loss of legal capacity can only be ascertained if a continuous mental disorder is evident. Considering the far-reaching consequences of the loss of legal capacity, careful distinction between these two groups of disorders is necessary, but clear legal guidelines and unequivocal psychiatric statements are still lacking. The solution given here can assure the quality of expert testimony by taking into account the current diagnostic conventions of ICD-10 research criteria as well as relevant knowledge about clinical course and therapy of psychiatric disorders.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frame of mind among Polish population in research carried out by the Central Statistical Office: initial analysis].

The authors are going to estimate the prevalence poor frame of mind and neurosis among Polish adult people, and try to appoint the relationships between psychiatric disorders and gender, age, civil status, education and maintenance. The questionnaire contains questions about quality of sleep, possibility to fix one's attention on acting, inner tension, self-confidence. Almost 1/4 of women and 18% of men have poor frame of mind. We find very strong and important relationships between neurosis and the poor frame of mind. There were no differences in mental state between people living in towns and villages. The unemployed and the cripples have worse psychological condition than working men. People who are divorced and widowed have statistically more often poor frame of mind and neurosis than the married. We also found a major correlation between poor frame of mind and neurosis and education. Low education is connected with poor psychological condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Immunization controversy: understanding and addressing public misconceptions and concerns.

School nurses often meet with parents who are reluctant to immunize their children. This reluctance is based on widely publicized stories about vaccine safety. Illnesses that are preventable by vaccines have become almost nonexistent, and consequently, vaccine safety concerns have increased in prominence. Often a negative report about the risk of a particular vaccine is released by the media and on the Internet before scientific evidence has been obtained. To adequately respond to parental concerns, school nurses should be aware of the historical impact of vaccine safety issues and the vaccine-related fears that are prevalent at the present time. Nurses also need to be provided with scientifically accurate information so that risk-benefit concerns regarding vaccine safety can be effectively communicated to parents. In this way, school nurses can play an important role in ensuring that the student population and the community are protected from vaccine-preventable diseases.

Autistic Disorder↗