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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Comparative evaluation of nutrition of healthy persons, patients with the preclinical stage of ischemic heart disease and in patients with marked coronary disease].

A total of 92 males aged 28 to 55 years were examined. These included 28 apparently healthy individuals, 45 subjects with preclinical coronary heart disease and 19 patients with Functional Class I-II coronary heart disease. A special questionnaire was used to examine the dietary patterns of the subjects with preclinical coronary heart disease, i.e. those having no typical clinical signs of the disease, but showing signs of myocardial infarction during the maximum exercise testing and minimal coronary arterial changes at selective coronary angiography. The subjects, unlike healthy individuals and CHD patients, were found to have 1 or 2 meals a day, frequently late at night, consume large amounts of sugar and other candies, fatty milk products, butter, eggs; small quantities of vegetables, fruits, and fish, often put additional amounts of salt to their diet. The subjects, as patients with severe CHD but unlike healthy individuals, were shown to have hypercholesterolemia and display high low density lipoprotein and apo-lipoprotein B levels; apo B/apo A being more than 1. The above dietary patterns of subjects with preclinical CHD represent one of the causes of abnormal changes in the blood lipid profile, which result in further CHD development.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Induction of arrhythmia by licorice abuse].

We report two cases of licorice-induced arrhythmias. In both cases the ingestion of large amounts of licorice caused a marked hypokalemia. The importance of licorice-induced hypokalemia for the development of arrhythmias is underestimated from the small number of published cases. We conclude that patients with a predisposition for arrhythmias should avoid licorice candies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Diet and health behaviour in Danish children aged 11-15 years].

A total of 1,671 school children aged 11, 13 and 15 years answered a questionnaire on diet, other health behaviour, social background, social network, health and life satisfaction. The proportions who ate fruit, vegetables, and rye bread every day were 77%, 64% and 94%. Moreover, 78% had fibre-containing breakfast every day and 79% had a regular lunch meal every day. 26% of the children received an optimal diet containing all of these five components every day, and 19% received less than three of these components every day. The proportions who consumed five unhealthy diet components every day (candy, chips, French fries, sausages/hamburgers, and sweet long-drinks) were 32%, 12%, 5%, 5% and 18%. 39% received at least one of these unhealthy diet components every day. There was no association between intake of healthy and intake of unhealthy diet components. We found no age differences among boys regarding the healthy diet components but an increasing consumption of unhealthy components with increasing age. Among girls we found a decreasing consumption of both healthy and unhealthy components with increasing age. Healthy diet was associated with high social class, good health, positive life satisfaction, positive school assimilation, and positive health behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Diet and health behavior in Danish children aged 11-15 years].

A total of 1,671 school children aged 11, 13 and 15 years answered a questionnaire on diet, other health behaviour, social background, social network, health and life satisfaction. The proportions who ate fruit, vegetables, and rye bread every day were 77%, 64% and 94%. Moreover, 78% had fibre-containing breakfast every day and 79% had a regular lunch meal every day. 26% of the children received an optimal diet containing all of these five components every day, and 19% received less than three of these components every day. The proportions who consumed five unhealthy diet components every day (candy, chips, French fries, sausages/hamburgers, and sweet longdrinks) were 32%, 12%, 5%, 5%, and 18%. 39% received at least one of these unhealthy diet components every day. There was no association between intake of healthy and intake of unhealthy diet components. We found no age differences among boys regarding the healthy diet components but an increasing consumption of unhealthy components with increasing age. Among girls we found a decreasing consumption of both healthy and unhealthy components with increasing age. Healthy diet was associated with high social class, good health, positive life satisfaction, positive school assimmilation, and positive health behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of acid producing sorbitol-adapted bacteria from dental plaque using selective agar media.

Acidogenic bacteria metabolizing sorbitol were isolated and identified from dental plaque of twenty nine volunteers, claiming to be users (sixteen) and non-users (thirteen) of sorbitol-containing chewing gum and candy. Sixty bacterial strains were isolated, using improved selective agar media. The taxonomy of twenty strains, all Gram-positive cocci, was determined employing a customized BBL MinitekR system and other biochemical reactions. The majority of these strains represented Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus acidominimus. Although sorbitol-metabolizing bacteria were found in plaque specimens of most persons tested, a larger number of acidogenic sorbitol degrading bacteria was detected in the plaque of the volunteer group claiming to use sorbitol-containing sweets. Bacteriological results indicate that frequent consumption of sorbitol-containing products will lead to a shift in oral ecology, numerically favouring sorbitol-metabolizing bacteria. These sorbitol adapted bacteria appear to be as acidogenic as Streptococcus mutans in the presence of ordinary sugars.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Self-concept as a factor in the quality of diets of adolescent girls.

The effect of self-concept on the quality of diets of adolescent girls was investigated. Scores for self-concept as measured by the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) and fat area values were obtained from 160 15-year-old girls. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall interviews were conducted with a random subsample of 40 girls. Mean dietary adequacy ratios (MARs) were calculated to assess dietary quality. Girls in this study had larger arm fat areas than did their national counterparts. Mean intakes of energy and nine nutrients met or exceeded their respective RDAs except for vitamin A, calcium, and iron. MAR values were correlated positively with Self-Satisfaction scores and negatively with carbonated beverages, candy, and baked desserts. Fat area values were correlated negatively with Physical Self scores. Significant predictors of MAR values below 80% were Total Conflict, Moral-Ethical Self, Family Self, Identity, and Physical Self scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (lollipop) premedication in human volunteers.

The authors determined whether fentanyl incorporated into a candy lollipop, oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), would cross mucosal tissues of the mouth in sufficient quantities during and after dissolution to produce sedation and/or analgesia. Associated respiratory and circulatory changes, side effects, and plasma concentrations of fentanyl were also measured. The evaluations were done in 28 adult volunteers who received fentanyl citrate in doses of 5, 4, 2, 1, and 0.5 mg in OTFC and rapidly sucked the lollipops (N = 20) or allowed them to passively dissolve (N = 8). Rapid consumption of OTFC resulted in more rapid onset of a pleasant feeling (first subjective sensation) but not more rapid onset of objective sedation or analgesia than passive dissolution. There was a significant correlation between dose of OTFC and magnitude of sedation (P less than 0.001, Spearman rank correlation = -0.82). Higher doses of OTFC produced greater and longer lasting analgesia and respiratory depression and a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting than lower doses, but pruritus (33%-87%) was not related to the dose of OTFC. Heart rate and arterial blood pressures were not changed by any dose of OTFC. The data indicate that low doses of OTFC (0.5 and 1 mg, equivalent to 5-20 micrograms.kg-1 of fentanyl citrate) produce analgesia and sedation with minimal side effects and little respiratory depression in adult volunteers and deserve further evaluation in patients.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Outbreak of cholera in Berasia block of Bhopal District in Madhya Pradesh.

Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh has been considered to be free of cholera. In an outbreak of gastro-enteritis in Berasia block of Bhopal district, Cholera vibrio Inaba and Ogawa were isolated from 17.64 per cent of stool samples collected. Extreme insanitary conditions, large aggregation of uncontrolled population and probably consumption of infected ice candies were responsible for the outbreak of cholera.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Sugar "allergy" and children's behavior.

Sixteen children whose behavior was said to become aggressive, overly active, loud, and noncompliant when ingesting sugar were tested. Sugar-free home diet was maintained and an "open" challenge to a large dose (3 g/kg) of candy bar sucrose was given. Subsequent behavior was noted by actometer, quantitative playroom observation using several standard behavioral tests, and ability to do maze drawings. No significant changes were found on the open challenge test. A slight change from baseline was noted in seven cases on three or four behavioral parameters. Five of these children agreed to a double-blind challenge test utilizing lemon-flavored slushes of sucrose, honey, tapioca starch, or aspartame, administered after a standard lunch free of sucrose. One child reacted to both sucrose and honey and another child reacted only to sucrose. These two children were challenged a second time. The child who reacted to honey again did so according to actometer readings, but this time not by Stony Brook test. To sugar, he reacted only at the 70-minute Stony Brook. The other child reacted to placebo instead of sucrose when rechallenged. The results indicate that high doses of sugar are not related to abnormal behavior. "Open" challenge was sufficient to rule out such a relationship in most instances. A repeated double-blind challenge confirmed the absence of a sugar effect in cases showing initial possibility of response.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1988

Induction of estrus in greyhound bitches with prolonged idiopathic anestrus or with suppression of estrus after testosterone administration.

Twelve anestrous adult Greyhound bitches were used to study a regimen for induction of estrus. Once daily, 7 bitches were given diethylstilbestrol (DES; 5 mg, PO) until sanguineous vaginal discharge and vulvar edema were observed (designated as day 1 of proestrus) and for 2 days thereafter. If no response was elicited after 7 days, a doubled DES dose was given for up to an additional 7 days. Luteinizing hormone (5 mg, IM) was given on day 5 of proestrus, and follicle-stimulating hormone (10 mg, IM) was given on days 9 and 11 of proestrus. Bitches were bred once on day 13. Five bitches were used as a control group; they were given candy tablets for 7 days (first day on tablets, treatment day 1) and 0.9% NaCl (1.0 ml, IM) on treatment days 12, 16, and 18. The 7 bitches treated with DES had a mean proestrus period of 7.7 days and a mean estrus period of 5.7 days up to the day of mating. After mating, they had a mean gestation interval of 64 days and delivered a mean of 4 pups/litter. In 5 bitches, initial treatment with 5 mg of DES/day induced proestrus within 7 days; however, in 2 bitches, additional treatment with 10 mg of DES/day was needed for 5 and 6 days, respectively. Serum estradiol-17 beta and progesterone concentrations remained at base line during the period of DES treatment. Concentrations of both hormones increased after injection with luteinizing hormone and remained high for the next 4 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anestrus↗
PubMed1988

Concomitant pulmonary arteriovenous and inferior vena cava malformations. A case report.

A case of pulmonary arterio-venous malformation (AVM) presenting with dyspnoea diagnosed by computer tomography (CT) and pulmonary angiography is reported. Venous anomalies in the form of agenesis of the iliac veins and the inferior vena cava (IVC), were discovered through femoral venograms performed after technical difficulties were encountered at pulmonary angiography performed via the femoral route. These venous anomalies co-existed with normal but dilated azygos and hemiazygos systems, and with the azygos appearing as a right hilar mass lesion which showed the "candy cane sign" on the lateral view on venography. A dilated varix at the confluence of the right renal vein and the IVC collaterals was also noted. This association of a pulmonary AVM and IVC agenesis has not been previously reported in the literature. The embryogenesis of the inferior vena cava and the azygos system is presented in an attempt to explain the rare association of these anomalies. The various techniques of diagnosing the disease entities, especially by CT, are discussed. The rare co-existence of pulmonary AVM and the absence of the IVC is emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid identification of color additives, using the C18 cartridge: collaborative study.

Nine laboratories collaboratively studied a method for the separation and identification of the 7 permitted FD&C color additives (Red Nos. 3 and 40; Blue Nos. 1 and 2; Yellow Nos. 5 and 6; Green No. 3) and the banned FD&C Red No. 2 in foods. The method is based on use of a commercial C18 cartridge and spectrophotometry or thin layer chromatography. Collaborators analyzed 5 commercial products (noodles, candy, carbonated soda, flavored gelatin, and powdered drink) and 2 dye mixtures (one containing FD&C Red Nos. 2, 3, and 40; the other containing FD&C Green No. 3 and Red No. 3). All of the colors were identified with little or no difficulty by 8 collaborators. The method has been adopted official first action.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diabetic osteoarthropathy. Course and differential diagnosis].

Diabetic neuropathy with reduced sensitivity to pain and mechanical overloading of the joints, associated with frequently disturbed circulation in the lower extremities, are the etiopathogenetic factors of diabetic osteoarthropathy (synonyms: neuroarthropathia diabetica, Charcot joint). In the first stage there is osteonecrotic destruction of bone and cartilage. Clinically, an insidious, painless, noninflammatory hydroarthrosis with massive swelling of the soft tissues is typical. Subsequently, in stage II, irregular transformation of the bone due to multiple resorptive processes occurs. In the third stage this transformation process stabilizes and the bone ends become more pointed and more sclerotic (resembling a licked candy stick). For mechanical reasons, the tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints and the metatarsals are primarily affected. However, destruction is also seen in Chopart's joint, the talus, the calcaneus, the ankle joint and the distal tibia. With regard to differential diagnosis, similar clinical pictures are seen in many neuropathic bony changes--tabes dorsalis, syringomyelia, myelodysplasias, congenital analgesia, congenital familial acroosteolysis. More difficult to differentiate are osteomyelitic foci, bone tuberculosis, and malignant bone tumors involving bone destruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Selenium content of foods purchased or produced in Ohio.

Approximately 450 samples of about 100 types of foods consumed by rural and urban Ohioans were analyzed for selenium. Meat, dairy products, eggs, and grain products produced in Ohio have considerably lower selenium content than corresponding products produced in high selenium areas, such as South Dakota. Retail Ohio foods with interregional distribution tended to be higher in selenium content than corresponding foods produced in Ohio. Best sources of selenium in Ohio foods commonly consumed were meat and pasta products. Poor sources of selenium were fruits, most vegetables, candies, sweeteners, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. Establishment of an accurate data base for selenium depends on knowledge of the interregional distribution of foods, the selenium content of foods at their production site, and the selenium content of foods with wide local distribution.

Food Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Salicylates in foods.

To determine salicylate content, 333 food items were analyzed. Foods were homogenized with 25% sodium hydroxide, allowed to stand overnight, acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with warm diethylether over 5 hours. The extract was dried and taken up in dilute sodium bicarbonate solution for analysis. Salicylic acid was separated by high performance liquid chromatography and quantified by reading at 235 nm. Salicylic acid standards were used throughout to standardize extractions and analyses. This is the most comprehensive set of data on food salicylates yet published; extraction appears to have been more complete for some foods, giving higher values than those previously published. Most fruits, especially berry fruits and dried fruits, contain salicylate. Vegetables show a wide range from 0 to 6 mg salicylate per 100 gm food (for gherkins). Some herbs and spices were found to contain very high amounts per 100 gm, e.g., curry powder, paprika, thyme, garam masala, and rosemary. Among beverages, tea provides substantial amounts of salicylate. Licorice and peppermint candies and some honeys contain salicylates. Cereals, meat, fish, and dairy products contain none or negligible amounts.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1985

Appalachian adolescents' snack patterns: morning, afternoon, and evening snacks.

The snack patterns of 225 adolescents selected from four metropolitan and three rural schools in eastern Tennessee were examined with the use of 24-hour food records kept on a school day. Most (89%) of the respondents ate at least one snack on the day of the survey. Morning snacks, most of which were obtained from school stores or school vending machines, were more likely to include candies and salty snack foods than were afternoon and evening snacks, most of which were eaten at home. Breads and cereals were popular choices for afternoon and evening snacks. Carbonated beverages and desserts were popular during all time periods. Nutrient densities of snacks were low in all time periods but lowest in morning snacks. Nutrients present in lowest amounts were iron, calcium, and vitamin A. Snack patterns of boys and girls were similar, although boys' intakes of energy, calcium, and riboflavin were higher than those of girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The radiolucent esophageal foreign body in children (author's transl)].

The symptoms of radiolucent esophageal foreign bodies in small children may be predominantly respiratory with stridor and dyspnea. In a 1 3/12 years old girl who suffered from inspiratory stridor and only later from dysphagia as well this diagnosis was delayed for 2.5 months. Air in the upper part of the esophagus was the first striking roentgenologic symptom of the foreign body which was then clearly outlined by a barium swallow examination. The foreign body was a plastic lid of a candy tube.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Prospective study of "fibrocystic breast disease" and caffeine consumption.

Conflicting reports have appeared in the recent literature on a presumed association between coffee intake and "fibrocystic breast disease." The hypothesis suggesting that abstention from coffee and caffeine consumption eliminates breast pain and resolves breast nodules was based on an uncontrolled clinical study. For a condition with a notorious reputation for "waxing and waning," it is essential to document the stability versus instability of clinical findings, keeping the methyl xanthine consumption constant. Seventy-two women, all with palpable breast nodules, were followed over a 6-month period with monthly examinations and questionnaires on intake of coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, candies, and caffeine-containing drugs. The methyl xanthine consumption remained remarkably constant throughout the observation time. The examiner was uninformed as to previous examination findings and pain reports of each woman. In 21 (15%) breasts with nodularity, the nodules had completely disappeared by the termination of the study. A total of 125 (87%) breasts of the sample manifested a change in the number of nodules or a change in position. Forty-eight of the 72 women were menopausal. For a chronic condition with so much variety of subjective sensitivity and great variability of objective clinical palpation, it is difficult to relate the amount of methyl xanthine consumption to "fibrocystic breast disease."

Adult↗