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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Septicemia and peritonitis in a colony of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Six common marmosets from a colony of 50 died over a period of 3 weeks, with the predominant finding of gram-negative bacterial septicemia. Four of these animals died peracutely; the other two were found when they were moribund, and they subsequently died despite clinical intervention. Gram-negative bacterial rods were present in the blood vessels of stained tissues from five of the six marmosets. Three marmosets also had severe fibrinopurulent peritonitis. In addition, one of the marmosets with peritonitis also had purulent mesenteric lymphadenitis with large colonies of gram-negative bacterial rods within dialated colonic crypts. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from multiple organs in three of the marmosets. Clinical evaluation of the entire colony identified four marmosets with anorexia, nasopharyngeal discharge and diarrhea. These marmosets were treated with enrofloxacin immediately, and they responded well. K. pneumonia could not be cultured from nasal or fecal samples obtained from the colony animals. Because of the peracute nature of the disease, animals often die before exhibiting clinical symptoms, and antibiotics are seldom helpful. In this outbreak we saw both of the major forms of Klebsiella infection in common marmosets: the peracute form with bacteremia and minimal inflammatory reaction around blood vessels, and the chronic form with bacteremia, fibrinopurulent peritonitis, and mesenteric lymphadenitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

De novo biosynthesis and localization of inhibin in marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and rat epididymis.

Using specific polyclonal antibodies generated against a 13 Kd human testicular inhibin, immunocytochemical localization was carried out in epididymis of intact and castrated marmoset monkey and rat epididymis. Inhibin was found to be present in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of caput, corpus and cauda epididymis. The intensity of staining and pattern of distribution did not change following castration. Further, the in vitro biosynthesis of inhibin studied by incorporating 3H-leucine and precipitating it with specific antibody indicated maximum biosynthesis in the corpus epididymis in case of marmosets and cauda in case of rats. Following castration in rats, the epididymal tissue still retained the capacity to biosynthesize inhibin. These studies indicate that marmoset and rat epididymis are capable of biosynthesizing/absorbing inhibin and whose synthesis does not depend on androgens.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The distribution of different collagen types and laminin in the gingiva of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)].

The distribution of the collagen types I, III, IV, V, VI and of the glycoprotein laminin have been examined in the healthy gingiva of the marmoset with the indirect immunofluorescence method. It has been shown that collagen type I formed thick fibrils in a wave-like pattern, while collagen type III formed thinner fibrils, especially under the epithelial basal membrane. Collagen type IV and laminin showed a strong fluorescence in the basal membrane (epithelium, vessels, nerves). Collagen type V has been demonstrated as a fine fibrillar pattern in the lamina propria and occasionally close to the basal membrane. Collagen type VI has been represented as a microfibrillar network in the connective tissue matrix with a brilliant pericellular fluorescence around vessels and nerves. The study showed the structural model of the connective tissue matrix of the marmoset gingiva and allows a later comparison between inflamed and healthy gingiva.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrastructure of the gastrointestinal epithelium in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)].

The epithelium of the stomach and intestine of one and three days old as well as adult marmosets was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and was compared with already existing data of man and the laboratory rodents, rat, mouse and guinea-pig. On postnatal day (PD) 1, the enterocytes possessed an inframicrovillous membrane system and giant lysosomes which were absent in adult marmosets whereas the surface and glandular epithelial cells of the stomach showed all structures which were also typical for adult animals. Enterocytes rich in fat and glycogen were only present on PD 1. In the large intestine the vacuolated cells were more frequently seen on PD 1 and 3 than in adult marmosets. The endocrine cells of newborn animals corresponded to those in the gastric and intestinal epithelium of mature animals, occurred everywhere in the lower digestive tract and could be subdivided at least into EC, ECL, D and L and EG cells respectively; a further subdivision was not possible by conventional transmission electron microscopy. Compared with rats, mice and guinea-pigs mostly used for developmental studies of the digestive tract, marmoset monkeys differed especially from the gastrointestinal epithelium of rats and mice but also from guinea-pigs. By contrast comparisons with the human situation are difficult due to the lack of representative electron microscopic findings on the gastrointestinal epithelium. If one considers the close phylogenic relationship between marmosets and man, the marmoset data should be transferable to the human situation rather than the findings obtained for rats, mice and guinea-pigs. In the epithelium of the adult gastrointestinal tract clear-out ultrastructural differences could not be found between these species.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of iodine deficiency on craniofacial growth in young common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

The effects of iodine deficiency on general and craniofacial growth were determined in young common marmosets. Examinations, including direct measurement, cephalometric radiology, and dental examination, were performed at three-month intervals from birth to 1 year on a cross-sectional sample of three groups of marmosets. The groups were those on a normal diet, n = 50; an iodine-deficient diet during gestation and for 1 year postnatally, n = 26; and an iodine-deficient diet only during gestation (returned to a normal diet at 1 month after birth), n = 18. The iodine-deficient animals were smaller in all dimensions, compared with controls, but they did not have typical cretin facies. Animals that were iodine deficient during gestation but subsequently fed a normal diet were small initially but displayed compensatory growth, so that by 1 year they were nearly normal in size.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Oculomotor areas involved in the parasympathetic control of accommodation and pupil size in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

The motoneurons of the oculomotor complex responsible for controlling accommodation and pupil size of the marmoset were identified by injecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the ciliary ganglion. The anatomical organization of accommodation and pupil constrictor motoneurons was determined using electrical stimulation techniques. HRP-labelled cells were found through the whole length of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) and also just ventral to this nucleus in caudal sections. A projection from the antero-median nucleus to the ciliary ganglion could not be demonstrated. Electrical stimulation data showed that currents of less than 1 microampere applied inside the EW evoked accommodation responses. Pupil constriction responses, on the other hand, were evoked with weak currents at sites ventral to those in the EW generating accommodation at caudal and central levels. It was concluded that the EW was responsible for accommodation and areas containing HRP-labelled cells ventral to the caudal part of the EW were responsible for pupil constriction.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1985

Haematological characteristics of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus).

Blood cell indices and parameters of haemostasis were studied in the common marmoset. The majority of the results were similar to those found in man. Differences from man were that the prothrombin time was shorter in the marmoset, higher concentrations of aggregating stimuli were required to cause platelet aggregation, and marmoset platelets did not aggregate under the influence of adrenalin. There was sexual dimorphism evident in the data for fibrinogen concentration and for platelet count, both of which were higher in females than in males. Marmoset platelets were very similar in ultrastructure to those of man.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Radiographic evaluation of appendicular skeletal maturation in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

The thoracic appendicular skeletal development of five common marmosets was monitored radiographically at weekly intervals from 1 day to 94 weeks of age and the times of appearance and fusion of 47 ossification centers were recorded. A range and average age for the appearance and fusion of each ossification center were calculated and compared to data available for the rhesus monkey and man.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of craniofacial growth between two colonies of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

General and craniofacial measurements from young marmosets in a recently established Australian colony are presented and compared with similar data published for a long-established colony in the United Kingdom. Statistically significant differences between the colonies were those associated with large error variances, suggesting difficulties in locating certain landmarks rather than real differences in growth. Thus, direct comparison can be made between craniofacial growth studies conducted at these two different marmoset colonies.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of semen collection method on ejaculate characteristics in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus.

A source of normal spermatozoa (sperm) is required for many andrological and reproductive studies. Ideally the method used for semen collection should be repeatable and reliable but should not influence sperm characteristics or sperm function. Two methods of semen collection from marmosets, vaginal washing after copulation and electroejaculation, were compared in terms of the success rate in obtaining samples and the characteristics of the sperm suspensions. Vaginal washing was shown to be a reliable, repeatable, and apparently non-stressful method of obtaining ejaculates, with 8 out of 10 males ejaculating on at least four of the five attempts. The semen was of good quality as assessed by conventional means, and the sperm were highly fertile when used for artificial insemination (Al; 100% conception rate). In contrast, fewer ejaculates were obtained from the same males by electroejaculation (success rate 30%), sperm survival in vitro was reduced compared to sperm collected by vaginal washing (0.93 +/- 0.15 days for electroejaculated sperm compared to 1.98 +/- 0.3 days for sperm from vaginal washing), and the number of animals giving birth after Al was smaller (0 vs. 6; P < 0.05). The proportions of motile (74.8 vs. 70.7%), live (84.7 vs. 81%), and morphologically normal (91.9 vs. 87.6%) sperm in the ejaculates were not affected by the semen collection method, but velocity parameters, such as curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity, and average path velocity, as assessed by computerized motility analysis, were significantly lower in vaginal washings than in electroejaculates (P < 0.023, 0.008, and 0.008, respectively). Mean angular deviation and beat cross frequency were greater in vaginal washings than in electroejaculates (P < 0.016 and 0.008, respectively). Therefore the effect of semen collection method on sperm function should always be considered when designing reproductive studies.

Animals↗