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The features of the spatial structure of the gramicidine A-cesium complex.

Earlier obtained two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy data were used to analyze the spatial structure and conformational mobility of the double right increases decreases pi pi 7.2 LD helix of the complex formed by gramicidine A and Cs+ ions in an organic solvent (a chloroform-methanol mixture). Analysis of the experimental data permitted the determination of a set of conformations for each of the high-mobility residue side chains in the solution. The energy refinement of the most probable conformation of the double right increases decreases pi pi 7.2 LD helix was made and conformational rearrangements of the tryptophan residue side chain were studied in detail.

Cesium↗

A toxicology evaluation of postnatal maternal exposure to cesium.

The effect of postnatal maternal exposure to CsCl on the newborn was studied in the mouse. Maternal ingestion of 1 mEq CsCl solution as the only drinking fluid began immediately after birth and the offspring were breast-fed until weaning. They were then separated from the nursing dams and remained Cs free for a subsequent 2 weeks prior to sacrifice. Maternal Cs exposure decreased the weanling body weight from controls and they attained normal body weight after 2 weeks of Cs-free period during development. Maternal Cs ingestion caused a reduction in offspring brain weight of both sexes compared to controls. The kidney weight of the developing female, but not male, offspring was also decreased from controls as a consequence of maternal Cs exposure. The offspring's hepatic alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase were not altered from controls as a function of maternal exposure to Cs salt. Little changes occurred in offspring heart lactate dehydrogenase by the maternal Cs treatment. The results suggest that maternal Cs exposure during breast-feeding affected body weight and the CNS of the offspring. The change noted in weanling kidney weight was sex dependent. These gross pathological changes in weanling organ weight were not apparent when maternal breast-feeding was eliminated. The data indicates that Cs adversely affected the newborn which was eliminated after cessation of the Cs exposure.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗

Maternally-mediated neonatal lithium-cesium interaction in the mouse.

The effect of maternal exposure to LiCl, CsCl or both salts in the weaning and developing offspring mice was studied on selected organ weights, hepatic and cardiac dehydrogenase enzymes. The concentration of alkali metal used in maternal drinking fluid during pregnancy and breast-feeding did not produce taste aversion and therefore approximate equal consumption was assured. Maternal exposure to either alkali metal reduced brain and testis weights of the developing offspring mice compared to controls. This suggests a delayed toxic effect on the CNS and endocrine organs. Coadministration of both salts negated this effect. The maternal neonatal Li-mediated increases of weanling spleen weight and the reduction of testis weight of developing offspring mice by Li or Cs were not evident when both alkali metals were given in combination. The combined maternal exposure to both Li and Cs salts also negated the induction of offspring mouse liver alcohol dehydrogenase produced by either alkali metal alone. Likewise, the induction of developing mouse heart lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (LDH5) by maternal exposure to LiCl was no more apparent by the combined Li and Cs treatment. These data suggest a Li+-Cs+ interaction in the offspring mouse due to maternal exposure to these alkali metals during pregnancy and breast-feeding periods. The results also suggest that both alkali metals most probably have been delivered to the suckling pups and some of their toxic effect was retarded.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗