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PubMed1992

Brain and spinal tumours in children aged under two years: incidence and survival in Britain, 1971-85.

There were 548 children aged under two with brain and spinal tumours diagnosed during 1971-85 in Great Britain and included in the population-based National Registry of Childhood Tumours. Children aged under two accounted for 12% of all children registered with tumours in these sites. The annual incidence was 25.0 per million. Ependymoma, astrocytoma and medulloblastoma (including primitive neuroectodermal tumour) each accounted for around a quarter of the total. Five-year survival rates were 20% for ependymoma, 43% for astrocytoma and 13% for medulloblastoma, each significantly lower than for children aged 2-14 in the corresponding diagnostic group. Mortality in the first year after diagnosis was very high but there were also substantial numbers of later deaths. There was no significant trend in survival rates during the period under review.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The clinical features and treatment of intracranial tumors in infants].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the treatment plan of intracranial tumors in infants. METHODS: The clinical features and curative effect of 114 patients of intracranial tumors in infants who were admitted and performed microsurgery were analyzed retrospectively. The total removal of tumor was 72.0%, subtotal removal 17.5%, partial removal 10.5%. The patients of 3 years old or so were advised to perform radiotherapy after operation. Follow-up ranges from 13 months to 7 years. RESULTS: The tumor located at posterior fossa (37.7%), sella region (31.6%), hemisphere (19.3%) including in basal ganglia. The common symptoms included headache, vomiting, ataxia, and decrease of visual acuity. All the patients obtained good recovery except one patient dead after operation. Among 86 follow-up cases, 20 patients deceased and 66 patients survived. But 6 patients developed worse than the children of the same age. CONCLUSION: Good prognosis can not be obtained for embryonal tumors and ependymoma through operation only. Although radiotherapy is useful of inhibiting the growth of tumor, the dosage should be decreased for infants and the complications in long term also should be considered simultaneously. It is a trend towards performing chemotherapy after operation. It is not necessary to perform auxiliary therapy for astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and mixed glioma, because the prognosis is good after total removal of the tumor.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed2004

[BCL-2 in primary central nervous system lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry and molecular biology].

BCL-2 is a membrane protein known to be an apoptosis inhibitor. It is the product of the bcl-2 gene located on chromosome 18. Several different tumors show BCL-2 over-expression as result of a translocation or independently from it. More than 85% of follicular lymphomas and a smaller number of diffuse large cell B lymphomas contain t(14;18) (q32;q21). The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of the BCL-2 protein and to ascertain, by means of traditional PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction), its possible dependence from t(14;18) (q32;q21) in 9 primary central nervous system lymphomas. Six cases (67%) shoved immunohistochemical BCL-2 over-expression and 3 cases (33%) had t(14;18). Precisely: 2 cases (22%) had immunohistochemical BCL-2 over-expression and t(14;18) (q32;q21); 4 cases (44%) had BCL-2 over-expression without translocation; 1 case (11%) did not show diffuse BCL-2 over-expression in presence of the traslocation; the remaining 2 cases (22%) did not demonstrate BCL-2 over-expression or t(14;18) (q32;q21). In conclusion, our results indicate primary central nervous system lymphomas frequently show BCL-2 over-expression that in some case may be related to t(14;18) (q32;q21). Nevertheless, t(14;18) (q32;q21), as evaluated by traditional PCR, may not correspond to diffuse immunohistochemical BCL-2 positivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Primary cerebral neoplasia in Rhodesia.

In 17 years we have performed 6,505 neurosurgical procedures in the neurosurgical unit of the Salisbury Hospital Group. Only 62% were performed on Africanpatients and 38% on European patients, despite the fact that the African population exceeds the European population by 20 times. This is partly due to the tolerance of rural people towards disease and partly to a number of social factors. The European group has a greater percentage of elderly people than the African group and, although we could not estimate the incidence of tumors among the African group, we would expect their overall incidence per capita to be lower because malignant tumors tend to occur in older people. We do not suspect the existence of a genetic factor in tumor incidence. There were 205 primary intracranial neoplasms in Africans and 244 in Europeans. Histological study shows that 33% of all tumors were meningiomas in the African group compared to 19% in the European group. Gliomas comprised 61.3% of the European series and 48.8% of the African series but the distribution by Kernohan's grading of astrocytomas was the same in both groups. If age was a factor, Grades I and II should have predominated in the African group, but did not. The incidence for each tumor among our European patients followed the patterns reported in various European and USA series. Likewise the pattern emerging from our African series closely paralleled the reports of other workers in Africa. Acoustic neuromas appear to be rather rare among Africans. The average age of all adults with tumors was 15 years lower in the African group than in the European group. However, this is entirely related to the age structure of the population, and not to an earlier age of occurrence. The average ages of medulloblastoma cases were identical. In our European series the occurrence according to age was much the same as that reported by overseas workers. The sex incidence of tumors in the European group seems to be a fair reflection of the situation elsewhere; in the African group it is questionable because men go into the towns to work and leave their families in the country. There was no significant difference in the location of tumors in the two groups. Results of treatment were uniformly inferior in the African group, partly due to the lateness of arrival at the hospital so that the growth was already far advanced and also because many patients suffered poor health from concomitant disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Characteristics of acoustic neuroma in the group of schwannomas of different localizations].

Neurinomas and schwannomas affect sensitive fibers almost exclusively. Among craniocerebral neurinomas, nerve VIII neurinomas account for 90%, occurring 30 to 40 times more frequently as compared to nerve V neurinomas. The latter circumstance may be determined by more complex evolution of the vestibular ganglion as compared to the Gasserian ganglion. Nerve VIII neurinoma never becomes malignant whereas the peripheral spinal nerves and radicles undergo degeneration to sarcomas in 17% of cases. As for neurologic oncology, there are no sex differences in the disease incidence. However, women get afflicted with nerve VIII neurinoma several times more often than men.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Clinical experience with the intravenous infusion of iodinated contrast material as an adjunct to computed tomography.

The intravenous infusion of iodinated contrast material is an important adjunct to computed tomography with a wide variety of lesions. Some arteriovenous malformations, metastatic lesions and tumors of the sella turcica and cerebellopontine angle which are undetectable by conventional computed tomography may be visualized by this method. Certain other metastatic lesions, primary tumors, abscesses and infarcts which are detectable in the preinfusion tomogram become better defined following infusion. The indications for this examination and the procedures involved are discussed.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1975

[Clinical value of magnification cerebral angiography (author's transl)].

Magnification carotid and vertebral angiography was performed via femoral catheter with magnification factor of 2.5 to 3.0, utilizing 0.1 X 0.1 ultra fine focal spot, manufactured by Shimadzu Seisakusho, Ltd. The standard angiograms were compared with magnification angiograms in a group of 67 patients with brain tumors and vascular disorders. The magnification angiography was more valuable than conventional angiography in 12 of 17 vascular tumors, while it was rarely valuable for diagnosis of vascular tumors. Aneurysms, occlusive diseases, collateral vessels, and capillary blush were also visualized to better advantage on magnification angiograms. Magnification cerebral angiography is a useful tool for elucidating small vascular branches, but further refinement in the design of focal spots and angiographic techinques is required for further improvement of magnification cerebral angiography.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Granular cell tumors of the central nervous system of rats.

On the basis of our study of 12 cases of granular cell tumors in the brains of rats of different inbred strains, it seems that granular cell tumors are not rate in the central nervous system of untreated, aging BN/Bi rats. In none were metastases found. Awareness of the occurrence of these tumors in the central nervous system of these rats may stimulate further studies into the cellular origin of granular cell tumors that form in the central nervous system of the rat and might help to elucidate the origin of these tumors in general.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Recent data in pathological anatomy of primary brain tumors].

The hitherto conventional classification of primitive brain tumours has been recently, and somewhat tentatively, revised for pediatric pathology: a new class of tumours, named Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumours (PNET) has been established, encompassing many undifferentiated, small cell tumours of uncertain origin, mainly medulloblastomas. This paper deals with these concepts, and with some practical and/or theoretical problems mainly concerning childhood lobrastrocytomas, medulloblastomas and ependymomas, regarding the role of pathology in their diagnosis and prognosis.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contrast enhancement of cystic portions in brain tumors on delayed image of gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging.

This report describes three patients whose cystic portions were filled with intravenously injected Gadolinium-DTPA. Four cystic portions showed contrast enhancement of the whole wall on early MR images and enhancement of the content on delayed MR images. Two cystic portions showed no enhancement of content. We speculate that the difference is based upon the composition of the cyst walls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging in gangliogliomas and gangliocytomas of the nervous system.

Gangliogliomas and gangliocytomas are rare and benign neuronal tumors which affect young subjects. This study concerns 3 cases of ganglioglioma and 3 cases of gangliocytoma explored by CT and MRI and confirmed by pathological examination. The most typical CT image was that of an often calcified contrast-enhanced cystic tumor. At MRI, each tumor emitted a low-intensity signal on T1-weighted sequences and a high-intensity signal on T2-weighted sequences. Contrast enhancement after gadolinium injection was frequent. Neuroradiology is not specific, and these tumors are usually diagnosed at pathology. However, the diagnosis may be considered in young patients with a history of old, drug-resistant partial epilepsy and having a contrast-enhanced, calcified cystic lesion in the temporal lobe or the cerebellum.

Adolescent↗