Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Bone Conduction”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Otosclerosis: the University of Minnesota temporal bone collection.

A study of 1452 human temporal bones revealed a previously unpublished material of 144 bones with otosclerosis. After exclusion of infants and individuals of races other than white, the incidence of otosclerosis was 12.75%. Of the bones with otosclerosis, 56.1% belonged to men and 43.9% to women. The incidence of clinical and histologic otosclerosis was practically the same for men (44.7% to 55.3%) as for women (47% to 53%). However, the incidence of bilateral otosclerosis was higher in women (88.9%) than in men (65.2%). Bilateral otosclerosis was present in 75.6%, whereas it was unilateral in 24.4%. Sixty-six (66) ears (45.8%) had clinical otosclerosis, whereas 78 (54.2%) had histologic otosclerosis--frequently unifocal lesions. The most common site was anterior to the oval window (117 ears, 81.25%), followed by round window niche (52 ears, 36.11%), apical and medial cochlear wall (31 ears, 21.52%), and anterior wall of the internal auditory canal (27 ears, 18.75%). The activity of lesions was directly related to their size. Smaller lesions were predominantly inactive, whereas medium and larger lesions were predominantly active. There was a positive correlation when the size of the lesions, activity, and degree of cochlear endosteal involvement were compared with bone conduction thresholds (37 cases). Correlations between size and activity, and between activity and associated sensorineural hearing loss did not necessarily follow the sequence of an initial active stage (spongiotic) to a final inactive one (sclerotic). Comparison of cases of otosclerosis with equivalent age groups of the normal population yielded worse bone conduction thresholds for the otosclerosis cases only in the age group 60 to 69 years and older. Comparison of average bone conduction thresholds between bones with one site of endosteal involvement (28.26 dB HL) revealed no significant differences. Bones with two or more sites of endosteal involvement had significant differences. Bones with two or more sites of endosteal involvement had significantly worse bone conduction thresholds (62 dB HL). The overall results are not suggestive of an association of sensorineural hearing loss with otosclerosis without stapedial fixation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of the middle ear status on the recording of vestibular evoked myogenic potential--VEMP].

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of age on the recording of air- and bone-conducted vestibular evoked myogenic potential. Forty six young subjects were included in the study, ranging in age from 4 to 18 years. All of them underwent otoscopy, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and air- and bone-conducted VEMP in response to click. Eighty six ears with normal hearing (pure tone average 20 dB) and type A and C1 tympanogram were studied. There were 2 groups according to age: group I--children aged 4-10 years--52 ears, group II--young subjects aged 11-18 years--34 ears. The threshold, the presence of correct waveform morphology of the response and the latency were evaluated. Above parameters were examined at 95 dB and 100 dB (nHL) air conducted click intensity and 60 dB (nHL) bone conducted click intensity. The age has no significant effect on the percentage of the recording of VEMP and the level of the response threshold with air stimulation, based on the performed studies. However, the age has effect on the prolongation of latency p13 and n23 both with air and bone stimulation. We paid attention to the lower percentage of the recording of bone-conducted VEMP in young subjects aged 11-18 years.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1998

Development of auditory function in the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii.

Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were evoked in developing wallabies by click and tone burst stimuli delivered by bone conduction and air conduction, at progressive stages of post-natal (pouch) life. ABRs were recorded through the onset of auditory responses (95-110 days), the opening of the external ear canal (125-130 days) and the maturation of ABR thresholds and latencies to values corresponding to those in adults ( > 180 days). ABRs were evoked in response to bone-conducted clicks some days prior to the age at which an acoustically evoked response was first observed (around 95 days of pouch life). ABRs could be evoked by bone-conducted and intense air-conducted stimuli prior to opening of the ear canal. A trend of decreasing threshold and latency with age was observed for both modes of stimulation. The morphology of the ABR became more complex, according to both increased age and increased stimulus intensity. The ABR waveforms indicated relatively greater mechanosensitivity to bone-conducted stimuli than to air-conducted stimuli, prior to opening of the ear canal. Following opening of the ear canal, thresholds to air-conducted clicks and tones were substantially reduced and decreased further over the next 10-20 days, while thresholds to bone-conducted clicks continued slowly to decrease. Thresholds to tone bursts in the centre frequency range (4-12 kHz) remained less than those for low (0.5-1.5 kHz) and higher (16 kHz) frequencies. Latencies of an identified peak in ABR waveforms characteristically decreased with age (at constant stimulus intensity) and with stimulus intensity (for a given age). ABR waveforms obtained at progressive ages, but judged to be at corresponding sensation levels, underwent maturational changes, independent of conductive aspects of the wallabies' hearing, for 2-3 weeks after opening of the ear canal.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1998

Normative Wave V latency-intensity functions using the EARTONE 3A insert earphone and the Radioear B-71 bone vibrator.

Early auditory evoked response (ABR) audiometry is useful for estimating auditory sensitivity in infants and other difficult-to-test populations. Several investigations advocate using bone-conducted stimuli, in addition to air-conducted stimuli, for screening infants with hearing loss or for ascertaining the presence and magnitude of a conductive hearing loss. The present study was designed to gather normative Wave V latency-intensity data with an insert earphone (EARTONE 3A) and a bone vibrator (Radioear B-71). Forty normal-hearing subjects were tested with air-conducted and bone-conducted clicks at intensities of 55, 40, 30, 20, and 10 dB SL. The stimulus waveforms showed a click onset delay of 0.1 ms for the 3A insert earphone. It is important to note that our ABR latencies were not adjusted to account for these differences. The results revealed that both the air-conduction and bone-conduction functions exhibited Wave V latencies of 7.0 ms at 55 dB SL. Although both functions exhibited increased latencies as intensity decreased to 10 dB SL, the air-conducted clicks yielded somewhat longer latencies than the bone-conducted clicks. To allow direct comparison of the air-conduction and bone-conduction latency-intensity function, the bone-conduction function must be corrected by approximately +0.3 ms at 40 dB, +0.4 ms at 30 dB, +0.5 ms at 20 dB, and +0.8 ms 10 dB nHL. No correction is needed at 55 dB. The present study suggests that it may not be appropriate to apply a single correction value (e.g., 0.5 ms) to the entire latency-intensity function. If clinicians elect to use published latency-intensity data, they must employ procedure similar to those that were used to collect the normative data. Otherwise, individual clinics should generate normative latency-intensity data using well-defined procedures. An alternative to generating latency-intensity functions is to compare ABR air-conduction and bone-conduction thresholds. This procedure is advantageous because threshold responses are not as sensitive as latency measures to slight changes in instrumentation and procedures. The normative air-conduction and/or bone-conduction values presented in this investigation are offered as a baseline for either latency-intensity or threshold comparisons.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1995

Hearing and acute otitis media in 13-year-old children.

Air and bone conduction thresholds of 330 unselected urban 13-year-old children with a known history of otitis were measured under ideal conditions, using standard clinical audiometry. In the subgroups of children with different numbers (0, 1-2, 3-7, > or = 8) of attacks of acute otitis media (AOM) in their history, the mean air conduction thresholds varied from 0.2 to 11.5 dB at different frequencies in different AOM subgroups. Air conduction pure tone averages (PTA, mean threshold at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) > 20 dB were not found in any of the ears. The mean bone conduction thresholds varied from -0.0 to 1.8 dB, depending on the subgroup and frequency (0.25 to 4.0 kHz) studied. Bone conduction PTAs > 10 dB were measured in 5 (0.8%) ears. Single bone conduction thresholds > 10 dB were found at different frequencies in 3 to 15 (0.5 to 2.3%) of the ears, and thresholds > 20 dB in only 2 ears (0.3%). The mean thresholds and number of ears with decreased hearing were distributed equally between different AOM subgroups, except that some air conduction high frequency losses were more frequent in children with > or = 8 attacks of AOM. We conclude that childhood AOM, even if it occurs frequently, seems not to have a significant harmful long-term effect on hearing.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Carhart's effect; a study of postoperative outcome of 47 surgically treated cases of otosclerosis].

The Carhart Effect can explain a bone conduction improvement after stape surgery in otosclerosis, because of the mechanical factors in transmission of sound vibrations. The authors have studied 47 cases of total stapedectomy for otosclerosis to point out this bone conduction improvement. A correlation between the bone conduction improvement and others parameters has been searched: a statistic correlation between pre-operative bone curve and the 1000 Hz bone conduction improvement has been found.

Audiometry↗
PubMed2006

Intractable otitis media with eosinophils: Importance of diagnosis and validity of treatment for hearing preservation.

This study investigated hearing levels in cases of intractable otitis media with eosinophils and validated the treatment strategy. Medical charts were reviewed retrospectively. The diagnosis was made when the proportion of eosinophils in middle ear secretions exceeded 10%. Twelve patients were identified and treated with an antihistaminergic agent, leukotriene receptor antagonist and topical steroid. The air-bone conductance gap decreased significantly with the relief of subjective symptoms. Bone conduction hearing levels at 4 and 8 kHz were higher than at lower frequencies. There was a significant correlation between subjective symptom duration and bone conduction hearing level at 8 kHz, which diminished with treatment. Compared with suppurative otitis, active otitis with eosinophilia damages high-tone sensory hearing in a time-dependent manner, and antiallergic treatment prevents progression of the high-tone sensory hearing loss. We emphasize the importance of diagnosis and the validity of treatment for intractable otitis media with eosinophils.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Influence of choking and arm lock technique in judo on the acoustic reflex threshold (art) in healthy well-trained male and female judoka.

The objective of this controlled parallel group study was to assess the effects of standardized choke holds (test) and arm lock techniques (controls) in on the acoustic hearing threshold. 104 (test group, 32 female subjects and 72 male subjects, mean age = 28.0 years, SD = 7.9 years) and 51 experienced judoka (controls. 21 female subjects, 30 male subjects; mean age = 26.8 years; SD = 13.2 years) participated. Acoustic reflex thresholds (ART [dB]) were measured separately before and after each manoeuvre both for air and bone conduction of the right and left side. The difference Dart of the ART before and after a manoeuvre (Dart = ARTbefore - ARTafter) was calculated. Data were presented descriptively and nonparametric statistics was applied for nonrelated (Kruskal Wallis ANOVA) or related samples (Friedman ANOVA). Wilcoxon tests were used for pre/post comparisons of original ART values. The effect of choking on Dart was significantly different from the effect of the arm lock technique on Dart independent of the experimental condition. A significant influence of applied frequencies on Dart was ascertained if a choking technique was used. For all frequency ranges applied a highly significant improvement of the ART after choking was found. With regard to bone conduction thresholds increased by an average of 6.1 dB and for air conduction the average increase was 4.9 dB. On the contrary, arm locks induced a slight mean deterioration of the ART for bone conduction of 1.8 dB. The ART for bone conduction also showed a trend towards a reduction after arm locks with a mean decrease of about 1.2 dB. In conclusion, standardized choking manoeuvres reduced the ART corresponding to an improved hearing both with regard to air and bone conduction. Such an effect on hearing ability was not found for arm lock techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Artifactual responses when recording auditory steady-state responses.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate, in hearing-impaired participants who could not hear the stimuli, the possibility of artifactual auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) when stimuli are presented at high intensities. DESIGN: ASSRs to single (60 dB HL) and multiple (20 to 50 dB HL; 500 to 4000 Hz) bone-conduction stimuli as well as single 114 to 120 dB HL air-conduction stimuli, were obtained using the Rotman MASTER system, using analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion rates of 500, 1000, and 1250 Hz. Responses (p < 0.05) were considered artifactual when their numbers exceeded that expected by chance. In some conditions, we also obtained ASSRs to "alternated" stimuli (stimuli inverted and ASSRs to the two polarities averaged). A total of 17 subjects were tested. RESULTS: Bone conduction results: 500 Hz A/D rate: Large-amplitude (43 to 1558 nV) artifactual ASSRs were seen at 40 and 50 dB HL for the 500 Hz carrier frequency. Smaller responses (28 to 53 nV) were also recorded at 20 dB HL for the 500 Hz carrier frequency. Artifactual ASSRs (17 to 62 nV) were seen at 40 dB HL and above for the 1000 Hz carrier frequency and at 50 dB HL for the 2000 Hz carrier frequency. Alternating the stimulus polarity decreased the amplitude and occurrence of these artifactual responses but did not eliminate responses for the 500 Hz carrier frequency at 40 dB HL and above. No artifactual responses were recorded for 4000 Hz stimuli for any condition. 1000 Hz A/D rate: Artifactual ASSRs (15 to 523 nV) were seen at 50 dB HL and above for the 500 Hz carrier frequency and 40 dB HL and above for the 1000 Hz carrier frequency. Artifactual responses were also obtained at 50 dB HL for a 2000 Hz carrier frequency but not at lower levels. Artifactual responses were not seen for the 4000 Hz carrier frequency. Alternating the stimulus polarity removed the responses for the 1000 and 2000 Hz carrier frequencies but did not change the results for the 500 Hz carrier frequency. 1250 Hz A/D rate: Artifactual ASSRs (16 to 220 nV) were seen at 50 dB HL and above for the 500 Hz carrier frequency and 60 dB HL and above for the 1000 Hz carrier frequency. Alternating the stimulus polarity removed the responses for the 1000 Hz carrier frequency but did not change the results for the 500 Hz carrier frequency. There were no artifactual responses at 2000 and 4000 Hz. Air conduction results: 500 Hz A/D rate: Artifactual ASSRs (49 to 153 nV) were seen for 114 to 120 dB HL stimuli for 500 and 1000 Hz carrier frequencies. Alternating the stimulus polarity removed these responses. There were no artifactual responses at 2000 and 4000 Hz. 1000 and 1250 Hz A/D rates: Artifactual ASSRs (19 to 55 nV) were seen for a 120 dB HL stimulus for a 1000 Hz carrier. Alternating the stimulus polarity removed these responses. CONCLUSIONS: High-intensity air- or bone-conduction stimuli can produce spurious ASSRs, especially for 500 and 1000 Hz carrier frequencies. High-amplitude stimulus artifact can result in energy that is aliased to exactly the modulation frequency. Choice of signal conditioning (electroencephalogram filter slope and low-pass cutoff) and processing (A/D rate) can avoid spurious responses due to aliasing. However, artifactual responses due to other causes may still occur for bone-conduction stimuli 50 dB HL and higher (and possibly for high-level air conduction). Because the phases of these spurious responses do not invert with inversion of stimulus, the possibility of nonauditory physiologic responses cannot be ruled out. The clinical implications of these results are that artifactual responses may occur for any patient for bone-conduction stimuli at levels greater than 40 dB HL and for high-intensity air-conduction stimuli used to assess patients with profound hearing loss.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1975

Susceptibility to delayed auditory feedback and dependence on auditory or oral sensory feedback.

Studies of the delayed auditory feedback (DAF) effect have consistently reported marked individual differences in susceptibility to DAF among normal speakers. It has been suggested that speakers showing extreme susceptibility to DAF may be differentially dependent on auditory feedback in regulating their speech production. Assuming this is the case, then a reduction in sensory feedback would also be expected to produce differential effects on these speakers. To test this hypothesis, normative data on the actual range of susceptibility to 180 msec DAF were first obtained from a group of 400 normal male speakers. Subjects from the extremes of this distribution were then tested under conditions that selectively reduces sensory feedback. Auditory masking, whispering and local anaesthesia were used separately and in combination to achieve a reduction in one or more feedback channels (air-conducted, bone-conducted and oral sensory feedback). The results obtained did not support the feedback dependence hypothesis. Measures of reading duration, disfluency and correct syllabel rate revealed similar changes in the speech of high and low susceptible speakers when auditory and/or oral feedback was reduced. Alternative explanations of individual differences in DAF susceptibility are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Vein versus tragal perichondrium in stapedotomy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess, in otosclerosis surgery, whether the vein or the tragal perichondrium in stapedotomy with interposition yields the better long-term hearing outcome. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of prospectively collected audiometric data of 452 ears. SETTING: Academic tertiary otology-neurotology referral center. PATIENTS: Four hundred fifty-two stapedotomies with interposition were performed in 412 patients (bilateral in 40 patients) by the senior author (R.C.) between 1987 and 1998. A tragal perichondrium graft was used in 314 cases and a vein graft was used in 138 cases as sealing material of the oval window. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Audiometric data were recorded at 4 months, at 1 year, and at 3 years after surgery after American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines, except for thresholds at 3 kHz, which were not available and which were replaced with those at 4 kHz. RESULTS: There were no significant intergroup differences in initial or late postoperative hearing outcome with regard to change in the pure-tone average bone conduction and air-bone gaps, or sensorineural hearing loss. Ears treated with a vein graft showed statistically better postoperative 2-kHz air-bone gap closure (p =0.0157), but the pure-tone average air-bone gap difference was not significant. Postoperative air-bone gap closure to within 10 dB was achieved in 91% of cases in the vein group and in 76% of cases in the perichondrium group. Specific study of the bone conduction level at 4 kHz showed a sensorineural hearing loss greater than 10 dB in 8% of cases in the vein group and in 11% of cases in the perichondrium group. One case of complete sensorineural hearing loss was observed with a tragal perichondrium graft (0.22%). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the vein should be preferred to the tragal perichondrium in stapedotomy with interposition.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed2005

Which is mightier, the tuning fork or the bone oscillator?

INTRODUCTION: It is important to differentiate cochlear implant candidates with profound sensorineural hearing loss from those with profound mixed hearing loss. The latter include patients with far advanced otosclerosis and chronic otitis media who may be better treated with ossiculoplasty and conventional amplification than with cochlear implantation. Otologists have observed that a dentally placed tuning fork can be heard by some patients whose sensorineural thresholds are beyond the limits of a bone oscillator placed on the mastoid. We hypothesized that tuning forks may be able to deliver a strongerintensity bone-conducted signal than a conventional mastoid-placed oscillator. OBJECTIVE: To measure the maximum bone-conduction signal intensities of a mastoid-placed bone oscillator and tuning forks placed on the forehead, mastoid, and teeth. METHOD: The maximum signal intensity of a mastoid-placed bone oscillator and tuning forks at various locations (mastoid, forehead, teeth) was measured using behavioural masking level differences at three frequencies (250, 500, and 1000 Hz). RESULTS: The peak intensity of a dental bone-conducted tuning fork signal is greater than that delivered by a mastoid-placed bone oscillator (at least 20.5 dB HL at 250 Hz, 16.5 dB HL at 500 Hz, and 8.5 dB HL at 1000 Hz; p <.001) at all three frequencies tested. At some frequencies, the bone oscillator's maximum perceived level is greater than the peak perceived level of the tuning fork when placed on the forehead or mastoid. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to pure-tone audiometry, all patients being considered for cochlear implantation should be evaluated with maximally vibrating tuning forks applied to the teeth. If the signal is audible, other surgical procedures may need to be considered before proceeding with cochlear implantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Bilateral fitting of BAHAs and BAHA fitted in unilateral deaf persons: acoustical aspects.

The benefit of a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) to a patient fitted bilaterally; and the benefit of a BAHA to a unilaterally deaf person was estimated by four acoustical measurements: directional sensitivity of a BAHA placed at the skull, vibration transmission in the skull, gain, and estimated transcranial attenuation of bone conducted sound. Provided a patient has a similar bone conduction hearing ability at both cochlea, it was found that a patient should, theoretically, benefit from bilateral fitting of BAHAs in terms of better hearing thresholds from the front, and better overall hearing ability from the surround. The data indicates further, that bilateral fitting facilitates extraction of interaural cues, which should lead to greater ability to determine the direction of a sound source, as well as better hearing in noise. However, due to the cross-hearing of bone conducted sound, the binaural processing for the patient fitted bilaterally with BAHAs is less than for normal binaural air conduction hearing. Finally, the data showed that the benefit of fitting a BAHA in a unilaterally deaf person, depends on that person's transcranial attenuation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1994

Speech recognition with the bone-anchored hearing aid determined objectively and subjectively.

Some patients with a bone-conduction hearing aid experience serious problems such as skin irritation or headaches and inconsistency in the sound quality due to shifting of the transducer over the mastoid. The Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA) provides direct bone-conduction and therefore evades these problems. Results of 58 patients fitted with either the head level BAHA HC200 or the more powerful HC220 were available for evaluation. Speech recognition-in-quite and in-noise tests were performed in order to make a comparison between the patients' performance with their individually adapted BAHA and their previous hearing aid. Furthermore, all the patients filled out a questionnaire, involving questions on speech recognition-in-quite and in-noisy surroundings. Individual comparisons of the audiological and questionnaire results in the subgroup of patients who had used a bone-conduction hearing aid showed that the results with the BAHA were comparable with or significantly better than those with the previous bone-conduction hearing aid. The results in the patients who had previously used an air-conduction hearing aid were ambiguous.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eighteen years experience in stapedectomy. The case for the small fenestra operation.

The postoperative findings in almost 800 stapedectomized ears were analyzed to evaluate the proposition that complication rates in stapedectomy were affected by the size of footplate fenestration. It was concluded that small fenestra stapedectomy (diameter 0.4 mm) provided similar hearing gains to those achieved with standard techniques, that articulation problems occurred to a similar extent as with wire loop prostheses, and that there was a significantly lower incidence of a) fistual and b) immediate and delayed severe sensorineural hearing loss than with any other technique. There was also significantly less deterioration in bone conduction thresholds at 4 kHz after three years postoperatively. The incidence of severe immediate sensorineural loss in large fenestra stapedectomy (half or more of footplate removed) was significantly influenced by factors such as age, preoperative bone conduction thresholds and oval window pathology. A retrospective analysis provided no information which might predict oval window pathology. Additional information gained from the analysis indicated that with all types of stapedectomy, bone conduction did not deteriorate significantly more rapidly in the operated as compared to the unoperated ear, whereas in unoperated ears, deterioration in bone conduction was significantly greater in ears with mixed hearing losses than when the loss was purely sensorineural. It was concluded that small fenestra stapedectomy was currently the operation of choice because with it, the threat of cochlear dysfunction both immediately, and in the long term, was significantly less.

Bone Conduction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pathway enabling external sounds to reach and excite the fetal inner ear.

The human fetus in utero is able to respond to sounds in the amniotic fluid enveloping the fetus after about 20 weeks gestation. The pathway by which sound reaches and activates the fetal inner ear is not entirely known. It has been suggested that in this total fluid environment, the tympanic membrane and the round window membrane become 'transparent' to the sound field, enabling the sounds to reach the inner ear directly through the tympanic membrane and the round window membrane. It is also possible that sounds reach the inner ear by means of tympanic membrane--ossicular chain--stapes footplate conduction (as in normal air conduction). There is also evidence that sounds reach the fetal inner ear by bone conduction. Several animal and human models of the fetus in utero were studied here in order to investigate the pathway enabling sounds to reach and activate the fetal inner ear. This included studying the auditory responses to sound stimuli of animals and humans under water. It was clearly shown in all the models that the dominant mechanism was bone conduction, with little if any contribution from the external and middle ears. Based on earlier experiments on the mechanism and pathway of bone conduction, the results of this study lead to the suggestion that the skull bone vibrations induced by the sound field in the amniotic fluid enveloping the fetus probably give rise to a sound field within the fetal cranial cavity (brain and CSF) which reaches the fetal inner ear through fluid communication channels connecting the cranial cavity and the inner ear.

Animals↗