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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Identification and quantitative measurements of biogenic monoamines in the central nervous tissue of some gastropods.

Investigations were carried out to determine levels of biogenic monoamines in the central nervous tissue of seven species of terrestrial gastropods (taxonomic family: Helicidae) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ELCD). The central nervous tissue of all species examined contained assayable amounts of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT). Noradrenaline (NA) was occasionally present; adrenaline (A) could not be detected. The central ganglia of two Mediterranean species generally contain 3-4 times more 5-HT relative to DA than the ganglia of the other species which contain amounts of 5-HT only slightly higher than DA.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Brain and plasma biogenic amines analysis by the EC-HPLC technique: application to fish.

A HPLC technique has been developed for the analysis of biogenic amines (noradrenaline, NA; dopamine, DA; adrenaline, A; serotonin, 5-HT) in tissues and blood and then applied to fish. It appears that when compared to classical methods, HPLC is more rapid and reliable with a lower variation in the results. This technique showed that in eel blood, 5-HT and DA (and their metabolites) are missing or at least are present at very low concentrations.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1987

Biogenic amines and their metabolites in Trichostrongylus colubriformis, a nematode parasite of ruminants.

The following biogenic amines (BA) and BA metabolites were identified via HPLC in homogenates prepared from adults of Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Nematoda) recovered from the intestines of goats: N-acetyldopamine, DOPA, dopamine, epinephrine, epinine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylglycol, 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl) proprionic acid, metanephrine, O-methyl-DOPA, 3-methoxytyramine, norepinephrine, normetanephrine, octopamine, p-hydroxymandelic acid, serotonin, synephrine, tyramine and vanillylmandelic acid. The mean concentrations of these compounds in groups of worms collected from different goats did not differ significantly with sex, but between the groups variance was high with probable components of both host and nematode origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Biogenic amines and active peptides in the skin of fifty-two African amphibian species other than bufonids.

1. Extracts prepared from dried or fresh skins of 52 African amphibian species, other than bufonids, were subjected to chemical (colour reactions) and biological screening, to determine occurrence and contents of aromatic biogenic amines and peptides active on smooth muscle preparations and blood pressure. 2. Only indolealkylamines were detectable in the skins. They were represented by 5-hydroxytryptamine, its N-methylated derivatives and tryptamine. The indolealkylamines considered included the alkaloid trypargine, a carboline derivative resulting from the condensation of tryptamine with arginine. 3. The peptide families identified in skin extracts of the African frogs were as follows: caeruleins (caerulein, [Asn2, Leu5] caerulein), tachykinins (kassinin, [Glu2, Pro5] kassinin, hylambatin), bradykinins [( Hyp3] bradykinin), xenopsin, thyrotropin releasing hormone, peptide PYLa and the magainins I and II. The last five peptides have been so far identified only in the skin of Xenopus laevis, together with their precursors. 4. Since numerous other peptide molecules await isolation, elucidation of structure, and definition of possible biological activities, the array of peptides occurring in the skin of African amphibians, as in that of Australian and American amphibians, is destined to increase.

Amphibians↗
PubMed1989

Biogenic amines and active peptides in extracts of the skin of thirty-two European amphibian species.

1. Extracts prepared from fresh or dried skins of 32 European amphibian species were submitted to chemical (colour reactions) and biological screening to determine the occurrence and contents of biogenic amines and peptides active on smooth muscle preparations and blood pressure. 2. Only indolealkylamines were detectable in the skins. They were represented by tryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and its N-methylated, cyclized and sulphoconjugated derivatives. 3. The peptide families identified in the extracts were as follows: bombesins (bombesin and alytesin), bradykinins (bradykinin, bradykinin 1-8, bradykinin 1-7), chemotactic peptides (RECP I, II and III), bombinins and TRH. Bombesins, bombinins and TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) were isolated from skin extracts of discoglossid frogs; chemotactic peptides and again TRH from extracts of ranid frogs. 4. Further research will certainly lengthen the list of active peptides in the skin of European amphibians, as is the case with Australian, American and African amphibians.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Behavioral genetic analysis of regional mouse brain biogenic amines, acidic metabolites and motor activity.

1. Comparative analyses of regional brain biogenic amines and spontaneous locomotor activity of three mouse strains suggest a genotype dependent relationship. 2. A positive correlation between striatal dopamine and locomotor activity was determined in the inbred albino BALB/c mouse strain. 3. An inverse relationship between some brain regions serotonin and motility was found in the inbred black C57BL/6 mouse strain. 4. No correlation could be established between brain monoamines and motor activity in the hybrid CDF-1 mouse strain. 5. The results suggest that inbred BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains may be useful animal models for studying dopaminergic and serotonergic acting agents, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Biogenic amines and GABA in the larval and adult forms of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

1. Simultaneous detection (HPLC and electrochemical detection) of biological extracts of larval and adult stages of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was performed in order to assay biogenic amines. 2. Gamma-amino-butyric acid was assayed in the same samples. 3. Tryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were at the same level in adults and larvae. 4. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine were significantly higher in larvae in which gamma-amino-butyric acid was not detected.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Biogenic amine levels in the cockroach Blaberus craniifer Burm. nervous system.

1. Apart from octopamine, the same indolamines and catecholamines were detected in the whole nervous system of the cockroach Blaberus craniifer Burm., at the same time. 2. However, levels were found to depend on sex, age, and the anatomic region within the nervous system. 3. Although not established, it is thought that these substances act synchronously from the ganglia. 4. The differences in levels between males and females and between anatomical regions during imaginal life suggest, in this species of cockroach, the physiological importance of the metameric organization in metabolic pathways or functional aspects of biogenic amines.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1993

Biogenic amines in coelenterates.

1. This mini review highlights the most important findings during three decades of research on biogenic amines in coelenterates. 2. Histochemical, analytic chemical and physiological evidences clearly indicate that dopamine is used as an intercellular messenger in hydrozoans. 3. The colonian anthozoan Renilla, has beta-adrenergic mechanisms in monitoring bioluminescence and serotoninergic mechanisms in rhythmic contractions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rett syndrome: biogenic amines and metabolites in postmortem brain.

The biogenic amines, dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline, and their respective metabolites, homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and hydroxymethoxyphenylglycol, were measured in selected brain regions obtained at postmortem examination from 4 patients, ages 12-30 years, with typical features of Rett syndrome. A 50% or greater reduction in each compound, except hydroxymethoxyphenylglycol, was observed in the substantia nigra from the 2 older patients, while the youngest patient had normal or nearly normal levels. These results correspond with the most consistent neuropathologic finding in Rett syndrome, reduced melanin content in neurons of the substantia nigra.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of effect of chronic developmental lead treatment on biogenic amines and metabolites in monkey cerebrospinal fluid.

Concentrations of 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were assayed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of control and chronically lead-treated nursery-reared rhesus monkeys sampled periodically from infancy through adulthood. Blood lead levels peaked at 62 micrograms/dl at 1.5 months of age, averaged 45 micrograms/dl for the remainder of the first year postpartum, and were maintained at 14 micrograms/dl from 20-58 months of age. Cisternal CSF samples were collected monthly from 5-35 months of age and every 1-4 months from 36-58 months of age. Biogenic amine and metabolite concentrations were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Overall concentrations of DOPAC, HVA, NE, MHPG, and 5-HIAA were not significantly different in the control and lead-treated groups nor were there any significant interactions between lead treatment and age for any measure. DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA concentrations decreased gradually with age, whereas MHPG concentration decreased sharply between 35 and 40 months of age. NE concentration remained stable across development.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

A longitudinal study of the effect of different social rearing conditions on cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine and biogenic amine metabolites in rhesus monkeys.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether disruption of early social attachment alters the activity of brain biogenic amine systems in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Male rhesus monkey infants were deprived of maternal interaction, peer interaction, or both, during the first 22 months of life. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected under rigorously controlled conditions approximately every month and assayed for levels of norepinephrine (NE), its major metabolite, and the metabolites of dopamine and serotonin. Mother-Deprived infants had lower levels of CSF NE than Mother-Reared infants. Mother-Deprived infants also failed to develop the same pattern of intercorrelations between compounds and month-to-month stability in levels of neurotransmitter and metabolites in CSF as the Mother-Reared infants. Finally, there were changes in CSF NE levels associated with social separation and social group formation. The brain NE system appears to be sensitive to changes in the social environment. Its level of activity, as reflected in levels of NE in CSF, appears to depend on both the prevailing social environment and the prior rearing environment.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1996

The relationship between urine excretion and biogenic amines and their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients.

Concentrations of norepinephrine and metabolites of biogenic amines were measured in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia, nine of whom were polyuric. The mean level of norepinephrine was two-fold higher (p < or = 0.025) in polyuric patients than in patients whose excretion of urine was within the normal range. CSF levels of histamine's primary metabolite, tele-methylhistamine, an index of brain histaminergic activity, were positively correlated (p < 0.005) with daily urine volume. These results are consistent with the known influence of norepinephrine and histamine on fluid regulation and suggest that norepinephrine and histamine may be involved in psychogenic polydipsia-polyuria in schizophrenic patients.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Effect of in vivo He-Ne laser irradiation on biogenic amine levels in rat brain.

In order to elucidate the metabolic modifications induced in rat brain by low power He-Ne laser irradiation in vivo, the variations in the biogenic amine levels in cortex, striatum and hippocampus were studied. Noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) were evaluated by HPLC-EC on irradiated rats, untreated rats (controls) and rats which had undergone restraint stress (stressed). The results obtained on groups of four to eight rats assayed individually showed that irradiation caused a strong increase in 5-HT in striatum and hippocampus, a small but significant decrease in NA in cortex, and DA levels were not significantly affected. Restraint stress per se led to a considerable decrease in 5-HT and DA in striatum and hippocampus, but did not significantly alter the NA levels.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Early postnatal effects of prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids on testosterone metabolism and biogenic monoamines in discrete neuroendocrine regions of the rat brain.

We investigated the effects of hydrocortisone acetate and dexamethasone administered to pregnant rats during the last gestational week on sexual differentiation of testosterone metabolism and biogenic monoamine contents and turnover in the discrete brain regions in 10-day-old offspring. In the preoptic area, sex-dependent differences in aromatase activity were attenuated by prenatal glucocorticoids. Prenatal dexamethasone but not hydrocortisone acetate caused the inversion of sexual dimorphism of 5alpha-reductase activity in the preoptic area. In the brain preoptic area of the male pups prenatally exposed to hydrocortisone acetate, a decrease in noradrenaline turnover was found. Dopamine turnover in the preoptic area and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in the preoptic area and medial basal hypothalamus increased in females as a result of hydrocortisone acetate treatment. Our results indicate that excess glucocorticoids in prenatal life modifies the basic neurochemical and neurophysiological mechanisms of sexual brain differentiation and might contribute to behavioral and reproductive disorders in adulthood.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

In vitro effect of biogenic amines on the hormone content of immune cells of the peritoneal fluid and thymus. Is there a hormonal network inside the immune system?

Immune cells contain different hormones and hormone-like molecules, such as insulin, endorphin, triiodothyronine (T3) histamine, serotonin. In earlier in vitro experiments insulin down-regulated histamine, serotonin and T3 content of thymus cells. Now we studied the effect of biogenic amines on the endorphin, T3, serotonin and histamine content of rat peritoneal and thymic cells. Cells were obtained from male rats of 100g body weight. 100 ng/ml serotonin or 300 ng/ml histamine was added for 30 min. After that the cells were prepared for flow cytometric analysis with antibodies to endorphin, T3, histamine and serotonin as primary antibodies and anti-rabbit IgG as secondary antibody. Finishing the measurements the cells were also studied by confocal microscopy. T3 concentration (binding of anti-T3 antibody) increased in peritoneal mast cells after serotonin treatment and in the monocyte-macrophage-granulocyte group after histamine treatment. Thymocytes' T3 content radically decreased after both treatments. Serotonin and histamine treatment also radically reduced the amine content of each other. Endorphin level was resistant to hormonal treatments. The results call attention to a possible hormonal network inside the immune system in which hormones produced by the immune cells themselves can influence each other.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Determination of biogenic amines in chocolate by ion chromatographic separation and pulsed integrated amperometric detection with implemented wave-form at Au disposable electrode.

A rapid and selective cation exchange chromatographic method coupled to integrated pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) has been developed to quantify biogenic amines in chocolate. The method is based on gradient elution of aqueous methanesulfonic acid with post column addition of strong base to obtain suitable conditions for amperometric detection. A potential waveform able to keep long time performance of the Au disposable electrode was set up. Total analysis time is less than 20min. Concentration levels of dopamine, serotonin, tyramine, histamine and 2-phenylethylamine were measured, after extraction with perchloric acid from 2g samples previously defatted twice with petroleum ether. The method was used to determine the analytes in chocolate real matrices and their quantification was made with standard addition method. Only dopamine, histamine and serotonin were found in the analysed real samples. Repeatabilities of their signals, computed on their amounts in the real samples, were 5% for all of them. Repeatabilities of tyramine and phenethylamine were relative to standard additions to real samples (close to 1mg/l in the extract) and were 7 and 3%, respectively. Detection limits were computed with the 3s of the baseline noise combined with the calibration plot regression parameters. They were satisfactorily low for all amines: 3mg/kg for dopamine, 2mg/kg for tyramine, 1mg/kg for histamine, 2mg/kg for serotonin, 3mg/kg for 2-phenylethylamine.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed2006

Pervaporation as interface between solid samples and capillary electrophoresis. Determination of biogenic amines in food.

A fully automated system for solid sample analysis has been developed by on-line coupling a pervaporation module with a capillary electrophoresis system using as interface a flow injection manifold and a modified capillary electrophoresis vial. The pervaporator allows leaching, formation of the volatile analytes and their removal by evaporation and diffusion through a membrane. The isolated analytes are on-line injected into the capillary electrophoresis system meanwhile the solid matrix remains in the pervaporator. By this approach biogenic amines have been determined in fish, meat and sausage. The detection limits (LOD) ranged between 0.2 and 0.6microg/ml, the quantification limits between 0.7 and 1.9microg/ml and the linear dynamic between 0.4 and 400microg/ml. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), ranged between 0.76 and 4.21% for repeatability and between 1.12 and 4.78% for within laboratory reproducibility. The errors, expressed as RSD for all compounds, ranged between 1.64 and 3.42%. The optimal pervaporation time and that necessary for the individual separation/detection of the target analytes are 14 and 12min, respectively. The analysis frequency is higher than 3h(-1) and the sample size 0.1g. A two-tailed t-test, used to compare the proposed method with that based on HPLC, yielded similar results for nine different samples.

Animals↗